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스퍼터링 조건에 따른 Co 박막의 증착속도 및 미세구조의 변화
백주열,박창만,최영근,이기암,황도근 단국대학교 신소재기술연구소 1992 신소재 Vol.2 No.-
DC 마그네트론 스퍼터링법으로 제조된 코발트 박막에 대해 증착속도 및 미세구조에 미치는 스퍼터링조건의 영향을 조사하였다. 증착속도는 투입전력이 커질수록 증가하였으며, 아르곤 압력이 커질수록 감소하였는데, 이는 투입전력의 증가로 인한 타게트 표면의 이온전류 밀도의 상승과 Ar 압력증가에 따른 비산효과의 증대로 인한 타게트 표면의 이온 전류 밀도의 감소로 고찰되었다. 투입전력이 커질수록 결정립의 크기가 감소하였으며, 투입 전력에 관계없이 특정한 면이 발달하지 않는 비정실 구조를 나타내었다. Ar 압력에 관계없이 비정질 구조를 나타내었다. We have investigated the influence of sputtering condition on deposition rate and microstructure of Co thin film produced by the method of DC Magnetron Sputtering. Deposition rate increased with the input power due to the rise in ionic current density on the surface of target, and decreased with the pressure of Ar gas due to the decrement of ionic current density by the effect of diffusion. Microstructure of the Co thin film became a finer structure with the increase in the input power, and showed amorphous irrespective of the charge of the input power and the pressure of Ar gas.
권창길 ; 안승열 김천대학교 2002 김천대학교 논문집 Vol.23 No.-
The most painful experiences of parents, pupils, and teachers are watching a children suffer at the the hands of other kids and feeling unable to do anything about it.
릿벨트법에 의한 La_1+xSr_2-xMn₂O_7상의 구조 정밀화
서상일,최창규,송민석,이재열 영남대학교 공업기술연구소 1999 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.27 No.2
The RP phases, La1+XSr2-XMn2O7-δ, were synthesized with La2O3, SrCO3 and MnO2 by solid state reaction at 1450℃. Stable single phases were crystallized in the range of x=0.2 ∼ x=0.5. In this paper, the structures of the La1+XSr2-XMn2O7 were refined with the X-ray powder diffraction data using the Rietveld method. This structure belongs to the space group of I4/mmm and the structure is built up from the intergrowth of one rock salt type layer with a double perovskite layer. As x increases, the Mn-O bond distance along c-axis grows longer than the bond of in ab plane due to increased Jahn-Teller distortion, which is arised from the increased concentration of Mn3+ ions.
[Ni?Fe?/Ag/Ni?Fe?]? 적층막의 자기저항 및 미세구조 분석
李準鎔,金永煥,吳昌烈 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1997 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.8 No.-
The microstructure and magnetic properties of Ni??Fe??/Ag multilayer film have been examined to investigate the magneto-resistance characteristics pre/post annealing. The DC & RF magnetron sputter unit has been used to prepare the sample. Annealing of the film has been conducted under the vacuum condition with various temperature. The bridging of Ag has been observed in TEM analysis which shows that Ag atom diffuses through the grain boundary of Ni??Fe??. The maximum saturation magnetization density is obtained at the thickness of 800Å film. The effective permeability is in the range between 1900 and 2800. Magneto-resistance curve of Ni??Fe??/Ag multilayer has maximum value at H=0 which decreases gradually with H.
The effect of spectral entropy monitoring on propofol use and recovery in children
이지연,So Ron Choi,정찬종,이지현,Ji-hye Park,Chang-Yeoul Baik 대한마취통증의학회 2014 Anesthesia and pain medicine Vol.9 No.2
Background: The evaluation of anesthetic depth using electroencephalographyshowed reduction in recovery time from anesthesiaand decrease in the amount of anesthesia used. This researchcompared the dosage of propofol and the recovery characteristicswhen anesthesia was controlled using spectral entropy monitoringand when it was controlled by hemodynamic changes. Methods: Seventy children of the American Society of Anesthesiologistsphysical class I–II, ages 3–10, that were scheduled forgeneral anesthesia were randomly distributed into two groups. Thechildren were sedated with midazolam (0.15 mg/kg), and anesthesiawas induced with fentanyl (2.0 μg/kg), propofol (2.5 mg/kg), androcuronium (0.6 mg/kg). Anesthesia was maintained with propofolcontinuous IV infusion under N2O in O2. For the Entropy Group,the state entropy (SE) was maintained at 40–60, and for theStandard Group, anesthesia was maintained so that the heart rateand systolic blood pressure were at 20% of the standard value. Results: Last 10 minutes of the surgery, the SE and RE (Responseentropy) were significantly higher for the Entropy Group whencompared to the Standard Group (P < 0.05). The maintenancedose of propofol was significantly lower for the Entropy Group whencompared to the Standard Group (P < 0.05). The times takenfor recovery were all significantly shorter for the Entropy Group thanthe Standard Group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Entropy guided anesthetic administration wasassociated with reduced propofol use and faster recovery in childrencompared to standard practice.
Chang-Yeoul Kim,Seong-Geun Choa,Seok Park,최덕균 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2009 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.10 No.6
Peroxotungstic acid precursor solution was sprayed on indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) glass substrates to synthesize amorphous and crystalline phase tungsten oxide thin films by changing heating temperature. We could synthesize the amorphous phase at below 400℃ and the monoclinic crystalline tungsten oxide at above 400℃. Electrochemical and in-situ optical transmittance analysis showed that amorphous phase tungsten oxide at 250℃ had a good electrochromic property with a large optical transmittance change between its bleached and colored states. The coloration mechanisms are due to polaron generation by inserting ions and electrons to change W+6 state to W+5 or W+4 state. Peroxotungstic acid precursor solution was sprayed on indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) glass substrates to synthesize amorphous and crystalline phase tungsten oxide thin films by changing heating temperature. We could synthesize the amorphous phase at below 400℃ and the monoclinic crystalline tungsten oxide at above 400℃. Electrochemical and in-situ optical transmittance analysis showed that amorphous phase tungsten oxide at 250℃ had a good electrochromic property with a large optical transmittance change between its bleached and colored states. The coloration mechanisms are due to polaron generation by inserting ions and electrons to change W+6 state to W+5 or W+4 state.
지역통상정보 : 거시경제 변수 변화와 KOSPI 지수 변동의 연관성 분석
안창호 ( Chang Ho An ),최창열 ( Chang Yeoul Choi ) 한국통상정보학회 2010 통상정보연구 Vol.12 No.4
In general, a stock index and its individual stocks are assumed to follow a random walk. A stock index is an important source of information and one that is seen by people everyday, regardless of their investment intentions. This paper examines the correlation between the KOSPI-the index that best reflects the Korean stock market and the macro - economic variables that have been found to influence the index by previous studies. The sample period considers the years after 2000 when the Korean stock market matured as restrictions on foreign investors were removed. For this purpose, a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and KOSPI equation with a general pacific approach were used. This paper aims at verifying the factors that determined the KOSPI after 2000 and at examining whether there was structural change in the investment environment. It also investigates changes in the factors determining the KOSPI`s performance as a result of structural changes in the investment environment. The VAR (Vector Autoregressive) model including the nine variables was selected as a baseline model whose stability was tested using the unit root test. 11 results from the VECM and the structral changes in the investment environment can be summarized by the following Inner story points.
급성 천식발작시 혈장 및 요중 Endothelin 농도 변동
장중현 ( Jung Hyun Chang ),신태림 ( Tae Rim Shin ),우가은 ( Ga Eun Woo ),김종선 ( Jong Seon Kim ),홍은순 ( Eun Soon Hong ),서기열 ( Gi Yeoul Seo ),차주현 ( Joo Hyun Cha ),김미선 ( Mi Seon Kim ),김영선 ( Yeung Seon Kim ),조영주 ( Y 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 1997 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.44 No.4
Strategic issues for Korean distribution companies' penetration of the Chinese market
Chang-Yeoul Choi,Joo-Young Lee 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 2009 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS AND TRADE Vol.7 No.2
Since the declaration of reform and market opening from China in 1990, China has drawn much attention from the world thanks to its rapid economic growth and its emergence as the world"s major consumer market and the center of the global economy. Moreover, it established the new trade order, making East Asia the center of the new trade trend as it becomes a manufactural and sales stronghold of multinational companies. The Chinese distribution market is expected to show a high growth rate by 2010 and it draws attention as a new business sector which can bring huge profits. However, advancement of the Chinese distribution industry now faces systemic problems and research on such problems is insufficient. Therefore, in this study we will conduct SWOT analysis based on previous studies on the Chinese distribution industry and use it as a ground to propose strategic solutions for development.
Chang-Yeoul Kim,Hyunsung Jung,Hannah Choi,Duck-Kyun Choi 한국물리학회 2016 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.68 No.2
One-dimensional (1-D) SnO2 lines as a representative semiconducting oxide were formed by using electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet-printing of a tin chloride pentahydrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, 1,200k, Aldrich) solution ink. The 1-D polymer lines, including Sn precursors, were created by controlling the viscosity, that is, the polymer/tin precursor ratio, and by adjusting printing conditions such as the tip-to-substrate distance, the applied voltage, the flow rate of ink and its velocity. The printed lines were dried at 200 C to get rid of solvent and were finally heat-treated at 600 C to burn out PVP and form a tin oxide line. We found that the linearity and the shape of the aligned 1-D SnO2 could be controlled by adjusting various parameters such as the viscosity of the precursor solution, the ratio of Sn to the PVP polymer in the solution, the shape of the cone, the size of a droplet, the applied voltage, the working distance, and the flow rate on glass slides and Si wafers with a SiO2 layer. We found that the heat treatment for removal of the polymers should be tailored to produce continuous 1-D SnO2 lines due to the drastic volume reduction (> 90%) of the aligned fibers during the annealing process. The electrical and the NO-gas-sensing properties of the 1-D SnO2 aligned on Si wafers with Au electrode patterns were evaluated.