Causes and Predictive Factors Associated with “Diagnosis Changed” Outcomes in Patients Notified as Tuberculosis Cases in a Private Tertiary Hospital

( Byung Ju Kang ),( Kyung Wook Jo ),( Tai Sun Park ),( Jung Wan Yoo ),( Sei Won Lee ),( Chang Min Choi ),( Yeon Mok Oh ),( Sang Do Lee ),( Woo Sung Kim ),( Dong Soon Kim ),( Tae Sun Shim ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2013 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.75 No.6

Background: The aim of our study was to evaluate the “diagnosis changed” rate in patients notified as tuberculosis (TB) on the Korean TB surveillance system (KTBS). Methods: A total of 1,273 patients notified as TB cases on the KTBS in one private tertiary hospital in 2011 were enrolled in the present study. Patients were classified into three groups: “diagnosis maintained”, “diagnosis changed” (initially notified as TB, but ultimately diagnosed as non-TB), and “administrative error” (notified as TB due to administrative errors). Results: Excluding 17 patients in the “administrative error” group, the “diagnosis maintained” and “diagnosis changed” groups included 1,097 (87.3%) and 159 patients (12.7%), respectively. Common causes of “diagnosis changed” were nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease (51.7%, 61/118), and pneumonia (17.8%) in cases notified as pulmonary TB, and meningitis (19.5%, 8/41) and Crohn`s disease (12.2%) in cases notified as extrapulmonary TB. Being older than 35 years of age (odds ratio [OR], 2.18) and a positive acid-fast bacilli stain (OR, 1.58) were positive predictors and a TB-related radiological finding (OR, 0.42) was a negative predictor for a “diagnosis changed” result via multivariate logistic regression analysis in pulmonary TB cases. Conclusion: Because of a high “diagnosis changed” rate in TB notifications to the KTBS, the TB incidence rate measured by the KTBS may be overestimated. Considering the worldwide trend toward increased NTM disease, the “diagnosis changed” rate may increase over time. Thus, when reporting the annual TB notification rate in Korea, the exclusion of “diagnosis changed” cases is desirable.

카드뮴폭로후 고환, 신장 및 간장내 카드뮴축적량과 조직손상의 변화

이영구,박정덕,최병선,홍연표,장임원 大韓産業醫學會 1994 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.6 No.1

To assess the changes of cadmium deposit and histopathologic finding of testis, liver and kidney, different dose of cadmium (Cd) was administerd into male Sprague-Dawley rat(purchased from KIST, Korea Institute of Science and technology) by single intravenous injection. At 12, 24, 48, 168 and 672 hours after Cd injection, tissue cadmium concentration and histopathological change were examined. Cd exposed group showed lesser weight gain than the control. Renal Cd content tended to increase in time-dependent pattern, while hepatic and testicular Cd content tended to decrease. Mean of renal Cd content to hepatic Cd content (Cd K/Cd L) also progressively increased. These results suggest that Cd might be gradually transported to kidney from other organs. In testis and liver, degenerative changes appeared relatively in acute phase. These changes became more pronounced in testis, while less prominent in liver. In kidney, swelling of proximal tubluar cells and thickening of glomerular basement membrane appeared relatively later and these changes were progressively aggravated.

Rat의 복강내에 투여한 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid 제형이 장기에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

강대영,송규상,최정목,노승무,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준묵,최선웅,이진호,조준식,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,김승영,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

For more effective intraperitoneal chemotherapy, the authers made 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid composite disks(FU-PGA disks) with 5-fluorouracil and polyglycolic acid, a biodegradable polymer. We inserted the FU-PGA disk into the peritoneal cavites of Sprague-Dawley male rats, the control and three experimental groups; one FU-PGA disk insert group(300mg/kg), two FU-PGA disk insert group(600mg/kg), and three FU-PGA disk insert group(900mg/kg). The control group received a similar number of PGA disk inserts. A pharmacokinetic study was performed to measure the 5-fluorouracil concentration in the peritoneal fluid, blood, and tissues(liver, kidney and heart) at 24 hours, 72hours and 168 hours after insertion of the FU-PGA disk. Light and electron microscopic studies were done. The results were as follows: 1) The number of white blood cells and platelets decreased after FU-PGA insertion. The degree was proportional to the duration and amounts inserted. The change in the number of red blood cells varied slightly. 2) Light microscopically, slight changes were noted at 168 hours in the 3 disk insert group (900mg/kg). Mild fatty change and hepatocyte degeneration around the central veins of the liver were noted, with vacuolar degeneration in the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney. 3) Electron microscopically,the liver showed focal increases of lipid droplets in the hepatocytes, and irregular nuclear membrane with focal nucleolar segregation of the fibrillar and granular elements. Also the double membranous structure of the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells was widened with bleb formation. The kidney showed wide separation of the nuclear double membrane in the proximal convoluted tubular cells and mesangial cells, with vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the proximal convoluted tubular cells, at 72 hours and 168 hours in the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. The heart showed focal loss of cristae,vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. In conclusion, despite the large amont of FU-PGA inserted, the histopathological changes in the liver, kidney and heart were slight, and consonant with the very low amount of 5-fluorouracil concentrations detected in the liver, kidney and heart. The above results suggest that the FU-PGA composite can serve as a new device for releasing drugs in a controlled manner and easily targeted to intraperitoneal organs. This device can improve the efficacy of intraperitoneal chemotherapy for gastric cancer.

내부로부터의 학교 변화: 학교 안 교사학습공동체의 형성 및 발달에 관한 사례 연구

박나실 ( Nashil Park ),장연우 ( Yeon Woo Chang ),소경희 ( Kyunghee So ) 한국교육과정학회 2015 교육과정연구 Vol.33 No.4

학교 변화에 있어 교사학습공동체의 역할에 대한 관심이 꾸준히 증가해 오고 있다. 국내에도 교사학습공동체와 관련된 연구는 2000년대 중반부터 급증하기 시작했다. 그러나 지금까지 수행된 국내 연구들은 주로학교 밖의 교사학습공동체와 교사의 변화에 초점을 둠으로써, 교사의 변화가 어떻게 학교의 변화나 개혁으로까지 확장되는지를 보여주지 못하는 한계가 있었다. 본 연구는 학교 안에서 자발적으로 형성된 교사학습공동체에 주목하여, 학교 변화에 있어 이러한 학교 안 교사학습공동체가 갖는 교육적 의미를 탐색하는 데에 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 경기도 소재 한 중학교의 교사학습공동체에 대한 사례 연구를 통해, 학교 안교사학습공동체가 어떻게 형성되고, 유지·발전될 수 있으며, 학교의 변화에 기여할 수 있는지를 탐색했다. 본연구의 결과는 학교 안 교사학습공동체가 학교 변화에 있어 의미 있는 역할을 할 수 있음을 제시한다. 연구 결과에 따르면, 학교 안 교사학습공동체는 해당 학교 교사들이 “우리” 학교가 갖는 일상적이며 구체적인 문제들을 해결하기 위해 아이디어를 공유하고 이를 함께 실천에 옮길 수 있는 토대를 제공함으로써 학교를 변화시키는 데 실질적인 역할을 할 수 있다. 특히 이 연구는 학교 안 교사학습공동체가 지속적으로 이러한 역할을 담당하기 위해서는 리더 교사들의 역할, 학습 텍스트의 성격, 유연한 학습 조직 등이 중요하다는 점을 보여주었다. Interest in teachers’ learning communities has proliferated in school reform over the last two decades. The number of studies about such communities in South Korea has increased since the mid-2000s. Because existing research has primarily focused on out-of-school teacher learning communities and changes in teachers, however, they have not yet clarified how teachers’ changes affect overall school change. Bearing this in mind, this study aims to explore the educational meanings of school-based teachers’ learning communities in the relation to school change. By utilizing a case study on a teacher learning community in a middle school located in Gyeonggi-Do,this study investigates how such a community is forged and developed, and contributes to school change. The study finds that the community serves a critical function in changing the school, as it provides a foundation upon which teachers share their ideas and practice them together in order to address “our school’s” problems. In particular, the study shows that the roles of teacher leaders, the characteristics of learning materials, and the flexibility of community organizations are all essential to the community function.

전력 수요 시계열 분석과 장기예측

장성연(Seong Yeon Chang) 한국자료분석학회 2023 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.25 No.4

본 연구는 전력 수요함수를 구성하는 경제변수들의 시계열 특성을 살펴보고 전력 수요 예측모형을 제안한다. 일반적으로 전력 수요는 단위근(unit root)을 갖는 시계열 자료로 알려져 있으며, 변수들 간의 공적분(cointegration) 관계를 고려한 수요 함수 추정 및 수요 예측 연구가 널리진행되었다. 본 연구에서는 2006년 1월부터 2022년 12월까지의 월간 시계열 자료를 사용하여 단위근 검정과 구조변화(structural change) 검정을 시행하였다. 이 시기에 한국 사회는 급격한 변화를 경험하였기 때문에 분석에 사용된 시계열 자료들이 구조변화를 겪었을 가능성이 매우 크다.기울기 변화를 경험한 추세 정상(trend-stationary) 시계열 자료에 대해 기울기 변화를 고려하지 않고 단위근 검정을 시행한다면 단위근 귀무가설이 기각되지 않는 경향이 있음이 잘 알려져 있다.본 연구에서는 단위근 검정을 시행할 때 구조변화의 가능성을 고려하였다. 검정 결과를 통해 전력 수요 함수를 구성하는 변수들이 구조변화를 갖는 추세 정상 시계열 자료임을 확인하였다. 이결과를 바탕으로 공적분 회귀모형 대신 구조변화를 고려한 회귀모형을 실증분석하였고, 2023년부터 2050년까지의 장기 전력 수요 예측을 시행하였다. This study considers the time series characteristics in residential electricity demand function and forecasts long-run electricity demand in Korea. It is widely known that electricity demand and its determinants are unit root processes, so that estimating and forecasting the electricity demand function based on cointegration relationship are common in empirical analyses. We apply unit root tests on monthly time series data for the period 2006:01-2022:12. Korea has experienced the rapid development and social changes over this period, which provides convincing evidence of the possibility of structural changes. The unit root test of Dickey, Fuller (1979) tends to be biased in favor of non-rejection of the unit root null hypothesis if the process considered is trend-stationary with a slope change. What we found is that electricity demand and its determinants are trend-stationary processes allowing for a slope change, whereby there is no need to invoke either cointegration regression model or error-correction model under the unit root assumption. We apply a regression model with a structural change to estimate the residential electricity demand function and forecast the long-run electricity demand for the period 2023-2050.

전립선암의 조기진단을 위한 염색체 이상에 관한 연구 : Fluorescence In Situ Hybridizatioan법을 중심으로

박종윤,박정덕,홍연표,장임원 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1994 中央醫大誌 Vol.19 No.1

To detect the numerical changes of the chromosome 13 and 17, containing tumor suppressor genes (retinoblastoma gene and p53) in normal tissue, intraepithelial neoplasm and carcinoma of the prostate, the Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization technique with paraffin embedded tissue was done. Materials observed in this study consisted of 14 cases of lacalized carcinoma(TB1NOMO) and 1 case of locally infiltrating cancer(TC1NOMO)> The chromosomal number changes were counted at normal tissue, intraepithelial neoplasm and neoplastic gland at the same radical prostatectomy specimen. From the 4 patients, studied prospectively, fresh cancer tissue and peripheral whole blood were collected for the primary culture of the cancer cells and lymphocytic culture. There cultured cells were used fro karyotyping. The results were as follows : 1. There were no significant chromosomal number changes between 13 and 17 in each group. 2. The normal non-neoplastice duct, intraepithelial neoplasm and neoplastic gland of experimental group showed no significant difference in chromosomal change. 3. There were significant changes more than 30% in chromosomal numbers between control Y chromosome and experimental chromosome 13 and 17 in each group. 4. The karyotyping on primary cultured prostate cancer cells and lymphocyte showed significant difference in chromosomal number in spite of the same host, representing local chromosomal changes.

TRANSIENT ISCHEMIA-INDUCED EXPRESSION AND CHANGES OF TYROSINE KINASE A IN THE HIPPOCAMPAL DENTATE GYRUS OF THE GERBIL

HWANG, IN,LEE, HYEON,YOO, KI-YEON,KIM, DAE,KIM, JUNG,KIM, CHANG,LIM, BEONG,KANG, TAE-CHEON,BANG, KYUNG,SEONG, NAK,LEE, HAK,KIM, JONG,WON, MOO Taylor Francis 2006 International journal of neuroscience Vol.116 No.8

<P>The present study examined ischemia-related changes in tyrosine kinase A (trkA) immunoreactivity and its protein content in the dentate gyrus after 5 min of transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils. One day after ischemic insult, cresyl violet-positive polymorphic cells showed ischemic degeneration. The ischemia-induced changes in trkA immunoreactivity were found in the polymorphic layer (PL) and granule cell layer (GCL) of the dentate gyrus. In the sham-operated group, trkA immunoreactivity in the dentate gyrus was very weak. From 30 min after ischemia, trkA immunoreactivity was increased in the dentate gyrus and peaked in the dentate gyrus at 12 h after ischemia-reperfusion. Thereafter, trkA immunoreactivity was decreased time-dependently after ischemia-reperfusion. Four days after ischemic insult, trkA immunoreactivity was similar to that of the sham-operated group. In addition, it was found that ischemia-related changes in trkA protein content were similar to the immunohistochemical changes. These results suggest that the chronological changes of trkA in the dentate gyrus after transient forebrain ischemia may be associated with ischemic damage in polymorphic cells of the dentate gyrus.</P>

Causes and Predictive Factors Associated with "Diagnosis Changed" Outcomes in Patients Notified as Tuberculosis Cases in a Private Tertiary Hospital

Kang, Byung Ju,Jo, Kyung-Wook,Park, Tai Sun,Yoo, Jung-Wan,Lee, Sei Won,Choi, Chang-Min,Oh, Yeon-Mok,Lee, Sang-Do,Kim, Woo Sung,Kim, Dong Soon,Shim, Tae Sun The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2013 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.75 No.6

Background: The aim of our study was to evaluate the "diagnosis changed" rate in patients notified as tuberculosis (TB) on the Korean TB surveillance system (KTBS). Methods: A total of 1,273 patients notified as TB cases on the KTBS in one private tertiary hospital in 2011 were enrolled in the present study. Patients were classified into three groups: "diagnosis maintained", "diagnosis changed" (initially notified as TB, but ultimately diagnosed as non-TB), and "administrative error" (notified as TB due to administrative errors). Results: Excluding 17 patients in the "administrative error" group, the "diagnosis maintained" and "diagnosis changed" groups included 1,097 (87.3%) and 159 patients (12.7%), respectively. Common causes of "diagnosis changed" were nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease (51.7%, 61/118), and pneumonia (17.8%) in cases notified as pulmonary TB, and meningitis (19.5%, 8/41) and Crohn's disease (12.2%) in cases notified as extrapulmonary TB. Being older than 35 years of age (odds ratio [OR], 2.18) and a positive acid-fast bacilli stain (OR, 1.58) were positive predictors and a TB-related radiological finding (OR, 0.42) was a negative predictor for a "diagnosis changed" result via multivariate logistic regression analysis in pulmonary TB cases. Conclusion: Because of a high "diagnosis changed" rate in TB notifications to the KTBS, the TB incidence rate measured by the KTBS may be overestimated. Considering the worldwide trend toward increased NTM disease, the "diagnosis changed" rate may increase over time. Thus, when reporting the annual TB notification rate in Korea, the exclusion of "diagnosis changed" cases is desirable.

Clinicopathological study on metastatic skin cancer

( Chang Il Kwon ),( Seo Mi Gon Jeong ),( Young Bin Shin ),( Yun Sun Moon ),( Eui Chang Jung ),( Chi Yeon Kim ),( Tae Jin Yoon ) 대한피부과학회 2020 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.72 No.1

Background: Various primary tumors can cause metastatic skin cancer. Metastatic skin lesion should be distinguished from other skin lesion. Objectives: We studied patients with metastatic skin cancer to find out average age, gender distribution, frequency of primary tumor, time interval between manifestation and primary cancer, and their clinical appearance, location and other metastatic sites. Methods: We reviewed the medical records, clinical photographs and histopathologic records of patients who had been diagnosed with metastatic skin cancer. Results: In the comparison according to clinical records, the mean age at the time of diagnosis was 60.6 years. The ratio of men to women was 1.05:1. The most frequent primary tumors were breast cancer (22.0%), lung cancer (17.0%), head and neck cancer (17%), melanoma (17.0%), gastrointestinal cancer (11%), urologic cancer (11%), and gynecologic cancer (6%). Metastatic skin cancers usually presented as discrete, painless, hard nodules, with sudden onset (88%). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is believed that it is important to recognize the metastatic lesion between various skin lesion such as infections and granulomatous changes of other cause due to drugs and reactive changes.

Interfacial Trap-based 1-row Hammer Analysis of BCAT and Nitride Layer BCAT Structures in Dynamic Random Access Memory

Chang Young Lim,Yeon-Seok Kim,Min-Woo Kwon 대한전자공학회 2024 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.24 No.1

Dynamic Random Access Memory is critical to computing for its speed and cost-effective capacity. As the demand for high-capacity memory grows, DRAM is being scaled down. However, reduced cell distances cause electrical disturbances between cells, resulting in 1-row hammer. This leads to abnormal operation and security risks. Therefore, 1-row Hammer is a major issue in modern DRAM technology. In this paper, we study the principle and impact of 1-row Hammer in DRAM, with a focus on D0 failures, a type of 1-row Hammer that causes stored data to transition from 0 to 1 due to repeated access. The mechanism involves the electron capture and diffusion of electrons affected by interfacial traps and device structures. To investigate the D0 failure, we reproduced the 1-row hammer using mixed mode to evaluate the effects on the interfacial trap and device structure changes. This research serves to improve understanding of row hammer and suggests a mitigation strategy using nitride layer. The proposed structure improves the D0 failure by about 70%, effectively improving the security vulnerability of DRAM.