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해도분석을 통한 낙동강 하구 사주 면적의 시ㆍ공간 변화
유창일(CHANG-ILL YOO),윤한삼(HAN-SAM YOON),류청로(CHEONG-RO RYU),이인철(IN-CHEOL LEE) 한국해양공학회 2006 韓國海洋工學會誌 Vol.20 No.6
This study discusses characteristic of spatiotemporal changes of the sand barrier in the Nakdong estuarine for the last century, focusing on geomorphologic evolution and mobility of sand barriers in the view of coastal engineering. The Nakdong estuarine, the research subject, has a complexly changing natural environment by interaction between ground and marine elements such as ocean wave, tidal current, sediment, etc. Moreover, recently, unnatural geomorphologic changes (e.g., seaside reclamation, new harbor construction, etc.) has been radically increased in this area with increasing desire for coastal development. Because of this, its sand barrier has developed quite unstable condition. Therefore, to identify the development process of geomorphologic changes in this area, required is a close examination on historical characteristics of spatiotemporal changes of the sand barrier in relation to surrounding seaside reclamation and physical environmental changes. This study, based on the marine charts published in between 1927 and 1995 year, analyzes the length and area of the sand barrier for the last hundred years, and investigates the cause of the changes by looking into the change of water depth for the last two years and doing ocean-physical site observations. In conclusion, the sand barrier of the Nakdong estuarine expands toward the open sea by 7.4~26 m in annual average, maintaining a fixed distance of 1,241~1.279 m, and its area is expected to increase about 2.8 k㎡ annually. This is characterized by the wocean wave from the open sea and the discharge of Nakdong River.
스포츠센터 강사들의 조직공정성 인식과 조직변화저항, 혁신행동의 영향관계
서효민 ( Hyo Min Seo ),김태희 ( Tae Hee Kim ),장경로 ( Kyung Ro Chang ) 한국스포츠산업경영학회 2015 한국스포츠산업경영학회지 Vol.20 No.4
본 연구는 스포츠센터 강사들이 지각하는 조직공정성과 조직변화저항, 그리고 혁신행동의 영향관계를 규명하는데 그 목적을 두고 있다. 서울·경기 지역의 스포츠센터에 종사하는 스포츠강사 300명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 총 234부의 자료가 실제분석에 사용되었다. 자료처리를 위해 SPSS 18.0 프로그램과 AMOS 18.0 프로그램을 이용하였으며, 빈도분석, 신뢰도분석, 상관관계분석, 확인적 요인분석, 그리고 구조방정식모형 분석을 실시하여 다음과 같은 연구결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 절차공정성은 조직변화저항에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 반면에 분배공정성은 조직변화저항에 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 분배공정성과 절차공정성 모두 혁신행동에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 조직변화저항은 혁신행동에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 조직변화저항은 절차공정성과 혁신행동의 관계에서 부분매개 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구결과를 통해 스포츠센터 강사들의 혁신행동을 증대시키기 위해서는 조직공정성의 확보와 조직변화에 대한 저항 관리가 매우 중요하다는 사실을 확인하였으며, 이는 스포츠센터 내 혁신역량 강화를 위한 중요한 이론적 근거가 될 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among perceived organizational Justice, resistance to organizational change, and Innovative behavior of sports center instructors. Specially, We examined the mediating effects of resistance to organizational change between organizational justice and innovative behavior. Total 300 questionnaires were distributed and 234 samples were used for practical analysis. The data were analyzed by frequency analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. The results of this study were as followers: first, procedural justice had a negative effect on resistance to organizational change, but distributive justice had no significant effect on resistance to organizational change. Seconds, distributive justice and procedural justice had a positive effect on innovative behavior. Third, resistance to organizational change had a negative effect on innovative behavior. Fourth, the relationship between procedural justice and innovative behavior was partially mediated by resistance to organizational change. In conclusion, we confirmed that enhancing the organizational justice and managing the resistance to organizational change are important for sports instructor`s innovative behavior and it can provide the theoretical basis for strengthening innovation capability of sport organization.
흰쥐 난소에서 황체내 큰포식세포에 관한 형태학적 연구 : 면역조직화학적 및 투과전자현미경적 연구
김원식,한승로,조근자,김수일,박창식 충남대학교 형질전환복제돼지연구센터 2007 논문집 Vol. No.10
황체는 임신의 수립과 유지에 필수적인 일시적인 내분비샘으로, 주기능을 발정주기의 생리적 기간을 결정하고 성공적인 임신을 달성하는데 결정적인 프로게스테론의 생산이다. 황체의 기능은 뇌하수체 gonadotropin 뿐만 아니라 황체내 큰포식세포에서 분비되는 TNF-α를 포함한 몇가지 cytokines에 의해 조절되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 흰쥐 (Sprague-Dawley계통)에서 생식주기별 황체내 큰포식세포의 변화를 면역조직화학적 및 투과전자현미경적으로 관찰 비교하였다. 본 연구에서 흰쥐 황체에서 큰포식세포는 배란기,임신기 및 출산후기 등 모든 시기에 나타나고,그 수와 면역반응성은 배란기에 가장 컸고 출산후기,임신기 순으로 나타났다. 아울러 투과전자현미경 관찰에서는 황체내 큰포식세포를 세포체가 가늘고 돌기가 긴 비포식성 큰포식세포와 포식성 공포와 지방소체들을 많이 함유한 포식성 콘포식세포로 분류할 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 황체내 콘포식세포는 발정주기에 따라 그 수나 면역반응성이 다르며,황체퇴화가 활발히 진행되는 배란기와 출산후기에 면역반응성이 증가하고 포식성 큰식세포들이 나타난 것은 큰포식세포에서 TNF-α 와 같은 cytokines의 분비를 활발히 일으키고 그들이 황체세포들의 세포자멸사를 유발,촉진하고 또한 세포자멸 사소체들을 포식,제거하는 방법으로 황체퇴화를 유도하여 정상적인 발정주기를 유지하기 위한 기전으로 생각 되고,임신기에 큰 포식세포의 수와 면역반응성이 작아지고 비포식성 큰포식세포가 주를 이루는 것은 이들이 TNF-α 동의 cytokines 분비를 통해 그들이 황체자극효과를 나타내 황체의 기능을 유지,촉진하는데만 관여하고,한편으로는 황체에서 생산되는 프로게스테론에 의한 큰포식세포 억제작용 때문인 것으로 생각된다. Macrophages in the corpus luteum have many important roles during the periods of functional development and luteal regression. Not only phagocyte the apoptotic luteal cells, but also they secrete many cytokines and exert their effects via autocrine/paracrine actions. In this study, we investigated the changes of number and immunoreactivity of macrophages at various developmental periods of the corpus luteum in the rat ovary. The rats (Sprague- Dawley strain, female) at age of 8 weeks (ovulatory period), GD 6 (pregnant period), and postpartum 5 days (postpartum period) were sacrificed under ether anesthesia and obtained both ovaries, one used for macrophages immunohistochemistry and the other used for TEM. The results were as follows; I. In the corpora lutea of the rat, macrophages were observed all the developmental periods including ovulatory, pregnant and postpartum periods. 2. In the corpora lutea of the rat, number of macrophages was highest in the ovulatory period, and decreased at postpartum period and pregnant period in order. The immunoreactivity of macrophages was high at ovulatory period, moderate at postpartum period, and low at pregnant period. 3. In TEM observations, two types of macro phages were observed: One type was non-phagocytic macrophage and the other type was phagocytic macrophage. Phagocytic macrophages were observed in the corpora lutea at ovulatory and postpartum periods and contained apoptotic bodies, phagocytic vacuoles and many lipid droplets. Non-phagocytic macrophages were observed in the corpora lutea at pregnancy period and showed slender cell body with long cytoplasmic processes and contained no apoptotic bodies. In the rat, the number and the degree of immunoreactivity of macrophages in the corpus luteum varied with the changes of functional state of the corpus luteum. It was suggested that the main function of the macrophages at the ovulatory and postpartum periods was elimination of apoptotic luteal cells and that at pregnancy period was autocrine/paracrine action. Ultrastructurally, two types, phagocytic and nonphagocytic types, of macrophages confirmed. These results will provide valuable informations on the study of the role macrophages during development and regression of corpus luteum.
19世紀初 美國 文學에 나타난 Symbolism 文學思想 : The Scarlet Letter 硏究 A study of the Scarlet letter
盧昌植 西原大學校 1979 西原大學 論文集 Vol.8 No.-
The theme of Hawthorne's novels have ambiguous connotation: symbolical and allegorical aspects, the Puritanism and non-Puritanism, religious thoughts, contemporary moralism and romantic resurrection of nature of man. Symbolism and allegory have been stately esteemed to have a highly literary value in reader's interpretation and criticism rather than in the outward meaning. When writer presents an aspect of the work, each reader has his own critical opinion of the nature of works. In such cases the problems of ambiguous connotation arise. The best example of case is chapter 24 Conclusion of The Scarlet Letter. When Dimmesdale opened his shirt on the scaffold to confess his own hidden sin, the crimson color had ambiguous interpretation: letter A or just red color to common men who were not interested moral sin. Neither, by their report, has his dying words acknowledged, nor even remotely implied, any-the slightest-connexion on his part, with the guilt for which Hester Prynne had so long worn the scarlet letter. According to literary ambiguity, capital letter A can be stated as Adultery, Adulteress, Admirable, Abel, Able, Angel and Adam: it, in conception, can be changed from "evil" to "good". As discussed in the main topics, The Scarlet Letter was historically based upon the materials of the Puritan society, but it cannot always be stated as a novel (romance) of the Puritanism. The romantic nuance is strongly mixed up in the background of the Puritan society. In this sense, this novel can be declared as a manifesto of the early American literature of romanticism. There are many problems to state that Dimmesdale had a definite philosophy of the Puritan life. If he had embraced Puritanism in his life, he could not have committed such a sin as adultery, but he would have had a distressing fight against 7 years of hypocritical ministry. Dimmesdale's sin can no less be called as "Innate Depravity" than as "Degradation of Innate Nature of Man." It can not be called a religious, theological sin: "a sin of Natural man." Dimmesdale had a position of ministery in the Puritan society, but Hester was a woman expelled from that society, who wore a decoration of sin: scarlet letter A. The above two figures had an opposite position. In a sense, Hester can be compared to "inborn Woman" or symbolical "nature". If we'd like to explain this fight in a sense of controversy between "nature" and "the Puritanism," the Pilgrim fathers, for the first time, fought against nature when they established the first colony in the New World of the early 17th century. The colonial people, surrounded by the wild nature, brought waste land under cultivation and moved on westward. Nature made of deep forest sometimes symbolizes "wild", "savage", "sin", and "devil". Forest is also symbolized as "disorder" (natural) or "brutal", but it is the only home of man's life. Hester's spiritual world, being free from the Puritan society fastened with bridle of man-made morality, tried to find home-society of nature, forest, and freedom. When Hester was made to suffer human derision, disgrace, and humiliation at prison-door, with the scarlet letter A on her breast, they believed her physical and spiritual world should be naturally destroyed and no more. On the contrary, the situation was much different; there was an awakening and a self-examination of human nature. Hester had power to make sin's penence converse to a virtue. Hester grasped "a freedom of speculation." She might, in one of her phases, have been a prophetess. She might, and not improbably would, have suffered death from the stern tribunals of the period, for attempting to undermine the foundations of the Puritan establishment. Hester became a truly firm prophetess to proclaim "a freedom of thought," literary thought of the Romanticism to the Puritan society. She sent a open letter to hypocrite society that man has an innate human nature and natural unnegotiable passion bestowed by God: to think freely and to love freely. Hester had lived a natural woman's life with the scarlet letter A, symbolizing a disgrace. Instead of escape, she had purified her love in the very land where Dimmesdale had lived. They made a promise to meet again in heaven when Dimmesdale breathed his last breathe on the scaffold, presenting us the meaning of the romantic conception of lover's resurrection. It is remarkable that person who speculate the most boldly often conform with the most perfect quietude to the external regulations of society. The thought suffices them without investing in the flesh and blood of action. Hester's ideal is not clearly defined, but in Conclusion, it is described as "a New Truth" "a surer ground of mutual happiness." The Scarlet Letter can be stated as a kind of herald novel, presenting the process of purifying a tale of human frailty and sorrow to moral standard: a novel of American Romanticism.
殺蟲劑 γ-BHC가 土壤細菌數 및 土壤呼吸에 미치는 影響
盧愼圭,梁昌述 건국대학교 1979 學術誌 Vol.23 No.2
The insecticide gamma-BHC ammended with gulcose and ammonium phosphate solution was added continuously to soil in aerobic and anaerobic condition, and its effects upon number of soil bacteria and soil respiration and the decomposition of gamma-BHC itself were studied over 15 days in the laboratory. The results are summarized as follows The treatment of gamma BHC inhibited the soil respiration in aerobic condition, but not effected in anaerobic condition. The treatment of gamma BHC increased the leaching of bacteria into the percolated solution in aerobic condition, however decreased in anaerobic condition. The decomposition of gamma-BHC was more rapid in unaerobic condition, and the addition of glucose and ammonium phosphate as substrates stimulated the decomposition of gamma BHC in both all conditions. These results are discussed in relation to the differential effects of the insecticide on microflora, soil respiratory activity and decomposition of gamma-BHC itself.
EMERSON의 自然觀 : 超越主義의 文學, 哲學, 神學思想 His Transcendental Viwe on Literature, Philosophy and Theology
盧昌植 西原大學校 1978 西原大學 論文集 Vol.7 No.-
American histories have consistantly overpraised Emerson as the outstanding figure of American letters. We can have the right to state that his many writings including Nature, Essays: First, Second Series are successful rhetoric, not works of literature. But, although Emerson was not a great writer, he was a great man because he emphasized the point that Americanized literature, not European, should be established in New American countries in the early 19th century. He was not eminent in talent and originality, but he was a genius as Man Thinking. Many believed that in honoring Emerson they showed that the American way is tolerant of liberal thought and friendly to culture. If American romanticism can be stated as a natural trend of literary thought, starting from the view of nature based on New Continent, Nature published in 1836 by Emerson can rightly be stated as a major "Manifesto" of American though. We cannot overestimate the fact that American romantic movement started at Emerson's Transcendentalism. This movement did not origination from a counterpart of reasoning as in European countries, but originated from American nature. According to the statement mentioned above, it is no more a movement to destroy old traditions and conventions than "Resurgence of feeling and freedom; Liberal Democratic Thought. Aspects of Emerson's Nature are well stated in his representative essays; Nature, Essays: First Series, Essays: Second Series, The American Scholar, and Divinity School Address. His literary, philosophical, and religious theme is nature. Transcendentalism constituted systematically through nature is his philosophy and religion, which are well explained in essays. In his essays, nature is confusingly identified with "Soul" or "God". Conception of "Soul" can be recognizeid in mind by process of mataphysical and transcendental Intuition. "Philosophically considered, the universe is composed of Nature and Soul. Strictly speaking, therefore, all that is seperated from us, all which philosophy distinguishes as the Not-Me, that is, both nature and art, all other men and my own body, must be ranked under this name, Nature. (Nature) Emerson belived that only through nature, men could find out truly pure Reason and Faith. All the activities of men - the abstract conception of light and dark, beauty and ugliness, fortune and misfortune, good and evil, material and spiritual - can be presented and recognized only through nature. Professor Wegenknecht explained Emerson's aspects of nature- the relationship of God and men, men and nature - as follows; The truth is that Emerson refuses to sum up either nature or man's relation to her in a formula. He is attracted by both monism and dualism. Sometimes God is almost identified with Nature, but generally nature seems to be the "Not-Me", serving as a kind of medium between God and Soul!
장승호,윤태영,성노현 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 1993 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.3 No.1
피부과 영역에서 가장 흔한 기저 세포암의 파라핀 블록을 대상으로 종양 억제 유전자로 알려진 P53 유전자 단백의 발현 양상을 면역 조직 화학 염색 방법으로 관찰하였다. 전체 기저 세포암 11예종 8예에서 양성을 보여 73% 양성율을 보였으며 태양 광선 노출부의 기저세포암은 6예중에 4예에서 비노출부위는 5예중 4예에서 양성을 보여 차이를 발견할 수 없었다. 이러한 사실은 P53 단백의 과발현과 기저 세포암의 생성은 밀접한 관련이 있으리라 생각되며 기저 세포암의 P53 단백의 과발현은 자외선 뿐 아니라 다른 발암원에 의해서도 유발되리라 시사해 준다. A total of 11 specimens of histologically determined, cutaneous basal cell epithelioma from 11 patients were investigated for the incidence of mutant P53 protein expression by LSAB(Labelled Streptavidine Biotin) technique using monoclonal antiserum NCL-P53-Do-7 on paraffin embedded formalin fixed tissue sections. 8 specimens(73%) showed unclear positivity and in 4 cases tumors arose on sun exposed skin, in 4 cases tumors arose in non sun exposed sikn. This study suggested that accumulation of P53 protein, suggestive in many cases of P53 gene mutation and hence loss of tumor suppressive function, may occur as an important step in the development of basal cell epithelioma.