도시·농촌학교간 교육격차 해소에 관한 기초연구 : 데이타 발생-처리 자동화체제의 지원으로 Focused on the Support of Data Generating-Processing System

옥장흠 전주대학교 교육문제연구소 1995 敎育論叢 Vol.10 No.-

1. Summary The educational inequality between the urban and rural areas in Korea has been growing deeper over the last 30 years because of urbanization, industrialization, the development of the residential areas around apartments, and the development of new cities. The bad environment and inhumane education in both of the big size schools and classes of cities and of the small size schools and classes of rural areas have been growing worse. The educational inequality is the ultimate task to be solved. On the basis of the accomplishment of one's own the problem of educational inequality between the two areas, through the equalization of excellent human education must be accomplished in the field of school education for the students with different characteristics. The necessities of this study are just in these. According to these needs, this study has set the following goals. That according to these necessities, the goals of this study are 1) to check out the possibility of the solution of the educational inequality between urban and rural schools by applying DGPS-Support-Teaching-Learning System which the Society for the Study of Human Education developed, 2) and to search for the strategic alternatives for its use in Korean elementary school education is to say, the goals are, by checking out DGPS-Support-Teaching-Learning System which developed by the Society for the Study of Human Education, to check out the possibility of its contribution to the solution of the educational inequality between urban and rural schools, and to search for a method for its use in Korean elementary school education. To accomplish the above goals, this study chose the following three contents. First, the verification of the conceptual reference related to the educational inequality between the urban and rural areas. Second, the analysis and evaluation of the teaching-learning result was applied to the experimental schools supported by DGPS and the positive verification of the possibility of their contribution to the solution of the educational inequality between the two areas. Third, depending upon these two, the search of a way for the solution of Korea's elementary school educational inequality between the two areas. To particularize the above studies, this study used the following methodologies; first, used document research method for the collection and analysis of the related literature and resources; second, used positive statistical analysis method for the analysis and preparation of statistics of the realistic resources of the teaching-learning educational field where uses the DGPS-Support-Teaching-Learning System. Especially statistical measure and analysis were calculated according to the accomplishment level depending on 6 change on 6 change-factors of teacher-class-lesson units, the range(R), mean(M), and the standard deviation(SD) of the statistical measure were calculated, and in the verification of the hypothesis, oneway change-factors analysis was used considering the teacher-class-lesson unit as the independent change-factors and the each change-factors as the subordinate change-factors. The positive study results carried on upon the above goals, contents and methods could be summarized like the followings. The basic hypothesis of the study, because it was verified that there is no statistical difference among the 6 sub-hypotheses, was proved positively. The result of the verification of each change-factors could be presented specifically as following. First, the result of analysis of the EID in regular teaching-learning according to the difference between the urban and rural schools shows that F= .7844 and P= .4052, thus, not much statistical difference. Second, the result of analysis of the MCL in regular teaching-learning according to the difference between the urban and rural schools shows that F= .9215 and P= .3691, thus, not much statistical difference. Third, the result of analysis of the RLPTI in regular teaching-learning according to the difference between the urban and rural schools shows that F=1.1198 and P= .3251, thus, not much statistical difference. Fourth, the result of analysis of the FLPTI of both the regular teaching-learning goals and the result of home-study according to the difference between the urban and rural schools shows that F=1.1413 and P= .3208, thus, not much statistical difference. Fifth, the result of analysis of the US in regular teaching-learning according to the difference between the urban and rural schools shows that F= .0090 and P= .9270, thus, not much statistical difference. Sixth, the result of analysis of the SUL in regular teaching-learning according to the difference between the urban and rural schools shows that F= .9816 and P= .4278, thus, not much statistical difference. 2. Conclusion The following is the conclusion made upon the basis of the result of the study and with the regardes of the scope and limits of the study. In Korea's today schools-student-international-formal education, the free zone for the full development of each one's potentiality must be allowed and the educational superiority must be guaranteed by suppling a device for equality for the people who are situated under the educational disadvantage can overcome in DGPS which has been developing on the Society for the Study of Human Education, allows us to establish a education system which both respects various characteristics and develops humanity (morality, social responsibility, emotion, etc.) and creativity of the students, situated under an educationally unfavorable position and environment, and by doing these it has value and role. In other words, DGPS pursues the basic goal of educational reformation that aims at the humanity of living together with others, being wise and open-minded, and working hard. It pursues the superiority of education which respects and develops each student's characteristics and potentiality fully. It pursues the transition from the teacher-centered education to the learner-centered education. And it can accomplish the equalization of excellent human education in school by using the automatic control system of communication net through the adoption of free competition, systematic evaluation, and good management of education. For instance, when the educational environment is established for the teachers can chose DGPS and use them freely and creatively, when the parents invest and utilize the part of the enormous of private educational expenses for the improvement of the teaching-learning environment which is running toward the 21 century, the problem of the educational inequality between the urban and rural schools must be solved. When this happens, the equalization of excellent human education in the field of teaching-learning of the urban schools will become a reality. 3. Proposals This writer suggests the following depending on the limit of the study, study result and analysis, search of device for progress and conclusion. 1) Proposals for the Use of the Outcome of the Study First, to solve the educational inequality between the urban and rural schools with the support of DGPS, the thinking structure of the educational policy makers and the educational administrators must be preceeded. That is to say, each school's autonomous management, where the teachers can chose and use the DGPS-Support-Teaching-Learning System freely without the uniform control and restriction of the government, must be guaranteed. Second, to fully apply the DGPS-Support-Teaching-Learning system value and possibility about the solution of the educational inequality between the urban and rural school which is verified through this study, the part of the enormous amount of private educational expenses of the parents must be utilized for the transformation of the educational environment of the schools through the voluntary participation of the school community of parents, teachers, and other people related to the school. 2) Proposals for the Future Studies First, the further studies to verify that DGPS-Support-Teaching-Learning System is the best option for the solution of the educational inequality between the urban and rural schools must be expanded not only in the secondary education but also to the other areas of education. Second, the broad studies about the verification of the accomplishment level of all the goals which pursues excellent human education for the solution of the educational inequality between the urban and rural schools through the use of DGPS-Support-Teaching-Learning System will have to be done.

금연실천단계의 영향변인에 대한 연구

장성옥,박창승 고려대학교 2001 간호학논집 Vol.3 No.-

입원환자 낙상예방 프로그램에서 근력운동의 효과: 낙상 고위험군 노인환자를 중심으로

이현옥 ( Hyun-ok Lee ),이병화 ( Byung-hwa Lee ),이창희 ( Chang-hee Lee ) 한국보건정보통계학회(구 한국보건통계학회) 2017 보건정보통계학회지 Vol.42 No.4

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes in the indices of body muscle strength, the indices of muscle strength associated with physical balance, and index of the pain relief between the intervention group who performed the muscle strength exercise and control group who not performed the muscle strength exercise. The study period was from September 7, 2016 to May 12, 2017, and it was conducted after receiving Institutional Review Board approval. Methods: Among 40 participants who were recruited in this study, the final analysis subjects were a total of 39 people, excluding the one people who dropped out during the 2-week. For analysis, the changes were compared with baseline and after two weeks by comparing three types of body muscle strength indices, four types of physical balance indices, and one type of pain relief index. Finally, we analyzed whether there is a difference between the groups in the each changes. Results: In the body muscle strength index change analysis, the change of muscle mass relative to weight was not statistically significant, but the difference between the groups regard to change was statistically significant (p<0.05). The lower body strength and the bone mineral were statistically significant in both the intervention and control group, but the difference between the groups regard to change was not statistically significant. In the index of muscle strength associated with physical balance change analysis, the intervention group showed improvement much higher in the right arm, left arm, right leg, and left leg of muscle mass than the control group. Also, the muscle mass of the right arm and the left arm was statistically significant in the analysis of the difference between the groups regard to change (p<0.05). Analysis of changes in pain relief index showed that the intervention group showed significantly improvement higher than the control group, and the difference between the groups regard to change was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusions: In the elderly patients in the hospital where the fall prevention program was provided, it was concluded that the intervention group higher improved the muscle strength associated with physical balance and the pain relief compared with the control group.

노인운동의 변화단계에 따른 의사결정 균형에 대한 연구

김소인,전영자,박은숙,김순용,장성옥,이평숙,이숙자 성인간호학회 2000 성인간호학회지 Vol.12 No.1

Purpose : This study was carried out to identify the factor of decisional balance for exercise. This was composed of a set of variables at the level of decision making when the elderly decide to do exercise. It was used to classify and identify the characteristics of the stages of change for exercise to which the elderly belong, and was used to identify the variables of decisional balance which influence the stage of change for exercise in the elderly. Methods : Convenient samples of 198 subjects over age 60 in Seoul(mean age=70) were selected from community living, mentally competent older adults and the data was collected from April 1, 1999 to May 31, 1999. The research instrument was the Decisional Balance Measure for Exercise(Marcus & Owen., 1992), Stage of Change Measure(Marcus et al, 1992). The data was analyzed by SAS Program. Results: 1. According to stage of change measure, without missing data, 191 subjects were distributed in each stage of change for exercise : 50 subjects(26.1%), 7 subjects(3.6%), 52 subjects(27.2%), 4 subjects(2%), and 78 subjects(40.8%) belonged to the pre-contemplation stage, contemplation stage, preparation stage, action stage and maintenance stage. 2. Factor analysis identified 3 factors of decisional balance as appropriate factors for excise of the elderly and named by researchers; 1)'Perceived Physical-psychological benefit', 2)'Perceived Physical-psychological burden', and 3)'Perceived time burden'. 3. The analysis of variance showed that the two components Perceived Physical - psychological benefit(F=45.95, p=.0001), and Perceived Physical-psychological burden(F=26.52, P=.001) were significantly associated with stage of change. 4. Through the discriminant analysis, it was found that both 'Self Perceived Physical-Psychological benefit' and 'Perceived Physical-Psychological burden' were the influential variables in discriminating the three stages of change(pre-contemplation, preparation, and maintenance). Conclusion: Results are consistent with the application of the Transtheoretical model, which has been used to understand how people change health behaviors. Even though this study is a cross-sectional, not a longitudinal study, the findings of this study give useful information for exercise intervention about especially the factors relating to decision making for exercise of the elderly in the different stages of change of exercise.

감염 조절용 차단막의 두께가 광중합기의 중합광에 미치는 영향

장훈상,이석련,홍성옥,류현욱,송창규,민경산 大韓齒科保存學會 2010 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.35 No.5

연구목적: 본 연구는 감염 조절용 차단막을 여러 겹으로 사용했을 때 광중합기의 광강도와 파장, light diffusion 등에 미치는 영향에 대해 조사하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 감염 조절용 차단막은 투명 랩 (크린랩)을 사용하였고 광중합기는 할로겐 광중합기 (Optilux 360)와 LED 광중합기 (Elipar FreeLight 2)를 사용하였다. 차단막을 1겹, 2겹, 4겹, 8겹으로 광중합기의 광섬유말단을 감싸고 휴대용 광강도 측정기 (Cure Rite)로 광중합기의 광강도를 측정하였다. 광중합기를 주문제작한 optical breadboard에 고정시킨 후 휴대용 spectroradiometer (CS-1000)를 이용하여 광중합기의 파장을 측정하였고, DSLR (Nikon D70s)을 이용하여 광중합기의 light diffusion을 사진 촬영하였다. 결과: 광강도 측정 결과는 차단막의 두께가 증가할수록 광강도가 유의하게 감소하였으나 할로겐 광중합기에서 1겹과 2겹 사이에는 유의차가 없었으며, 4겹 이상의 차단막을 투과할 때 광강도가 더 많이 감소하였다. 여러 겹의 차단막을 투과한 광중합기의 전체적인 파장 형태와 peak wavelength의 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. Light diffusion 사진 촬영 시, LED 광중합기에서는 차단막의 두께가 미치는 영향이 없었으나 할로겐 광중합기에서는 차단막을 4겹 사용했을 때부터 중합광이 조사되는 각도가 감소하기 시작하여 8겹 사용했을 때 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하는 것을 볼 수 있었다 (p < 0.05). 결론: 광중합형 복합레진을 광중합할 경우 감염 조절용 차단막이 찢어지는 경우를 대비하여 1겹으로 사용하기 보다는 2겹으로 사용하는 것이 환자간의 교차감염을 예방하는데 유리할 것으로 사료된다. Objectives: This study investigated the effect of infection control barrier thickness on power density, wavelength, and light diffusion of light curing units. Materials and Methods: Infection control barrier (Cleanwrap) in one-fold, two-fold, four-fold, and eightfold, and a halogen light curing unit (Optilux 360) and a light emitting diode (LED) light curing unit (Elipar FreeLight 2) were used in this study. Power density of light curing units with infection control barriers covering the fiberoptic bundle was measured with a hand held dental radiometer (Cure Rite). Wavelength of light curing units fixed on a custom made optical breadboard was measured with a portable spectroradiometer (CS-1000). Light diffusion of light curing units was photographed with DSLR (Nikon D70s) as above. Results: Power density decreased significantly as the layer thickness of the infection control barrier increased, except the one-fold and two-fold in halogen light curing unit. Especially, when the barrier was four-fold and more in the halogen light curing unit, the decrease of power density was more prominent. The wavelength of light curing units was not affected by the barriers and almost no change was detected in the peak wavelength. Light diffusion of LED light curing unit was not affected by barriers, however, halogen light curing unit showed decrease in light diffusion angle when the barrier was four-fold and statistically different decrease when the barrier was eight-fold (p < 0.05). Conclusions: It could be assumed that the infection control barriers should be used as two-fold rather than one-fold to prevent tearing of the barriers and subsequent cross contamination between the patients.

Capsaicin으로 유도된 신경성 염증반응에 미치는 상백피의 영향

윤창용,신동환,홍충만,이원규,장동덕,채옥희,강경진,이무삼 대한해부학회 1999 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.32 No.1

사염화탄소 투여 흰쥐에서 간섬유화 진행에 따른 Propranolol 의 약동학적 지표들의 변화

이민호,강주섭,강문수,윤병철,이오영,함준수,변재원,윤창옥 대한간학회 2001 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.7 No.2

Background/Aims : This study was designed to determine the effect of hepatic fibrotic severity on pharmacokinetics of propranolol in CC1q - treated rats. Methods - 1 mL/kg of 10% CC14 in olive oil was injected intramuscularly to rats twice weekly for 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks, respectively (n=6). Control (n=6) was a sham - injected equal dose of olive oil for 10 weeks. After intravenous bolus injection of 2 mg/kg propranolol to rats, the serum propranolol concentrations were analyzed for 4 hours at various time points by a HPLC - fluorimetric system, and pharmacokinetic parameters such as Co, MRT, AUC, Vdss, tl/2(p) and CLp were determined. Then, a small amount of hepatic tissue was obtained and subjected to determination of the hepatic 4 - hydroxyproline content, which confirmed the hepatic fibrotic severity. Results : The serum concentrations of propranolol at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 hours were significantly increased in CC1q-treated rats (p$lt;0.01). In proportion to the duration of CC4 treatment, Co and AUC were significantly increased, and Vdss and CLp were significantly decreased (p$lt;0.001). But MRT and t1/2(β) were not significantly changed. The hepatic 4 -hydroxyproline content was gradually increased in CC4-treated rats (p$lt;0.001). Conclusion - Gradual changes in pharmacokinetic parameters of propranolol were seen to be dependent on the hepatic fibrotic severity. We suggest that gradual dosage modification, according to their hepatic fibrotic severity, is necessary for many drugs administered to patients with chronic liver disease.(Korean J Hepatol 2001;7:181-188)

여성 외음부에 발생한 선상 편평상피세포암종

김창옥,양기화,강석진,이안희,김병기,김선무 대한병리학회 1991 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.25 No.1

흰쥐 췌장을 지배하는 운동 및 감각신경세포체의 표지부위

이창현,정순용,차영옥,정승호,송창호,이무삼 대한해부학회 1995 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.28 No.6

학교경영의 효율적 운영에 관한 연구

옥장흠 서원대학교 교육연구소 2000 敎育發展 Vol.19 No.1

The purpose of this study was to get corroborative data to find a way for an effective school management. To achieve the purpose, 1)research review for the theoretic background on efficient school management was done and 2)subfactors of efficient school management were analyzed based on teachers' work place, gender, establishment, year of teaching carrer, and the school. Participants were randomly selected 500 teachers who teach at elementary and secondary schools located in Cholabukdo. The questionnaire was sent to them and collected. Some of them were excluded because they were incomplete or not collected. Used instrument was Choi's scale based on Arcaro's quality administration principle for efficient school management and Deming's principle, which was a 5-point Likert-type scale. Demander-centeredness, total participation, devotion and leadership, training, assessment and measurement, consistent revision were classified as subfactors of efficient quality administration of school management. Means and SD of those subfactors were produced based on teachers' work place, gender, school establishment, years of teaching carrer, and schools. And Factor analysis F-test using SPSS/PC was conducted to test differences on subfactors of efficient quality administration of school management among groups. Result indicate that: 1)The demander-centered school management system should be used instead of supplier-centered school management system based on the factor analysis result of demander-centeredness subfactor; 2)All the members of a school organization should construct the school community and participate for better educational management based on the factor analysis result of total-participation subfactor; 3)Principals should display innovative leadership for better quality and efficiency of school education based on the factor analysis of devotion-and leadership subfactor; 4)Various kinds of programs should be developed and related workshops and training should be provided for better and creative school management based on the factor analysis result of training subfactor; 5)Process-focused evaluation system should be used than result-focused evaluation system for improved the efficiency of school management based on the factor analysis result of training subfactor; 6)Quality of school education and demander-centered education system should be established and revised based on the factor analysis result of consistent improvement subfactor. It can be concluded that total quality administration of a school unit based management system can promise efficient school management.