Impacts and Countermeasures of Climate Change on Food Supply

Kim Chang-gil,Jeong Hak-kyun,Han Suk-ho,Kim Jeong-seung,Moon Dong-hyun 한국농촌경제연구원 2013 한국농촌경제연구원 기본연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

Climate change has become a megatrend that will lead to significant changes in future society. Korean and overseas agencies specializing in climate forecasts predict that average global temperatures will continue to rise. While climate change may potentially have certain positive impacts for crop yields, the overall impact is predicted to be negative for environment and food security. In this context, our study aims to suggest a plan for systematically establishing a stable food supply system in Korea in respose to climate change. Various analytical models were employed, including: a response analysis based on questionnaire for farmers, panel-based analysis of the causes of pests and diseases in rice production, a random-effects model for panel data of extreme weather impact, and an analysis of food supply effects using the Simulation Model for Climate-Agriculture Relations (SIMCAR) integrated model in conjunction with the Crop Estimation through Resource and Environment Synthesis (CERES) model of the Korea Agricultural Simulation Model (KASMO). An analysis was made of major grain yields by means of the KREI-KASMO. This revealed reduced yields and area in comparison with the baseline in 2050, resulting in a reduction of rice production by 17.8%p in the RCP8.5 scenario, and reduction of soybean by 21.2%p and reduction of barley by 13.7%p in the A2 scenario. Self-sufficiency ratio of major grains in 2050 drawn from the SIMCAR revealed that the climate change scenario for rice showed 55.0% to be reduced by 18.3% in comparison with the baseline. It is predicted that selfsufficiency ratio in rice will drop to 50% which means a half of consumed rice should be imported. Key tasks for building a stable food supply system to cope with climate change were developed based on the domestic production capacity, the buffering capacity to climate change, import capacity from other countries, and policy performance capacity with reference to the empirical analysis. First, the suggested key tasks for improving the domestic production capacity include developing and disseminating adaptation technology, conserving farmland and expanding arable land, practicing climate-smart agriculture by using fusion technology, and modernizing infrastructure for agriculture. Second, key tasks for improving buffering capacity to climate change are improving resilience and biodiversity, building a risk management system, and further improving storage of food in Korea and other countries. Third, major tasks for improving the import capacity from other countries are constructing overseas food bases, effectively using the international grain market, and enhancing international cooperation with relevant countries. Finally, key tasks for improving policy performance capacity are refining and applying the climate change impact analysis model with respect to policies, expanding investments in research and development, building a vulnerability assessment system, enhancing education and training, and installing Climate Change Response Center for Agriculture (tentative). In this study, several key challenges were presented in the four different areas related to building a stable food supply system which can help overcome the challenges of climate change. It is expected that the nature of the policies that need to be prioritized and promoted, given the constraints of budget, organization and information will be addressed in future research. Also, in order for the solutions for key challenges to work properly in the field such that policy outcomes will be maximized, a consortium of research bodies in the related fields of agriculture, agricultural meteorology and agricultural economics should be created. As preparation for specific action programs. Furthermore, follow-up studies should be conducted to verify the expenses required for developing reliable climate change impact assessment models and the effectiveness of the enforced policies. Such fie

Effect of Total Hip Arthroplasty on Ipsilateral Lower Limb Alignment and Knee Joint Space Width: Minimum 5-Year Follow-up

Choi Yun Seong,Park Jung-Wee,Kim Tae Woo,Kang Kee Soo,Lee Young-Kyun,Koo Kyung-Hoi,Chang Chong Bum 대한의학회 2023 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.38 No.20

Background: This study aimed to 1) assess the effect of total hip arthroplasty (THA) on coronal limb alignment, namely, the hip–knee–ankle angle (HKA), 2) identify factors that determine changes in the HKA, and 3) determine whether alignment changes influence the knee joint space width. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 266 limbs of patients who underwent THA. Three types of prostheses with neck shaft angles (NSAs) of 132°, 135°, and 138° were used. Several radiographic parameters were measured in the preoperative and final radiographs (at least 5 years after THA). A paired t-test was used to confirm the effect of THA on HKA change. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify radiographic parameters related to HKA changes following THA and changes in knee joint space width. Subgroup analyses were performed to reveal the effect of NSA change on the HKA change, and the proportion of total knee arthroplasty usage and changes in radiographic parameters between maintained joint space and narrowed joint space groups were compared. Results: The preoperative mean HKA was 1.4° varus and increased to 2.7° varus after THA. This change was related to changes in the NSA, lateral distal femoral angle, and femoral bowing angle. In particular, in the group with a decrease in NSA of > 5°, the preoperative mean HKA was largely changed from 1.4° varus to 4.6° varus after THA. The prostheses with NSA of 132° and 135° also led to greater varus HKA changes than those with an NSA of 138°. Narrowing of the medial knee joint space was related to changes in the varus direction of the HKA, decrease in NSA, increase in femoral offset. Conclusion: A large reduction in NSA can lead to considerable varus limb alignment after THA, which can have adverse effects on the medial compartment of the ipsilateral knee.

Dipyridamole 부하 심근 SPECT에서 Dipyridamole의 작용과 부작용

고창순(Chang Soon Koh),이명철(Myung Chul Lee),정준기(June Key Chung),이동수(Dong Soo Lee),최창운(Chang Woon Choi),배상균(Sang Kyun Bae),양형인(Hyung In Yang),여정석(Jeong Suk Yeo) 대한핵의학회 1993 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.27 No.2

N/A Dipyridamole is an agent that may be used to noninvasively evaluate coronary artery disease. The effect of dipyridamole infusion its generally related to its induced peripheral vasodilatory effect. In normal person, heart rate is generally increased slightly while blood pressure decrease, but the achieved double product and related myocardial oxygen consumption have no significant change. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect and side effect of dipyridamole, and to compare different response to dipyridamole among the patients. We evaluated 847 patients who underwent dipyridamole stress myocardial SPECT. 93.6% of them had induced hypotension 0.9% showed no change of blood pressure, 5.5% had increased blood pressure 8.3% had no change of pulse rate more than 10% of basal pulse rate. Among diabetes, 16.9% was not change of pulse rate, 6.7% in non-diabetes. There was no significant correlation between age and rate pressure product rest(RPPr), in patients without perfusion defects on SPECT(y=7.1x+48.4r=0.13 p>0.01). As increasing age, RPPs/RPPr was declined(y=-11.6x+68.9 r=0.17 p〈0.01), similar results were obtained in patients with perfusion defect. The size of perfusion defect on myocardial SPECT have no correlation between RPPr and RPPs/RPPr. The side effects of dipyridamole included chest pain and chest tightness, headache, abdominal pain, dizzness, nausea, and dyspnea. As increasing age, dipyridamole-induced cardiac work at rest was increased, cardiac response to dipyridamole was decreased.

'지식변화모델' 에서 프레게와 괴델

박창균,Park, Chang Kyun 한국수학사학회 2014 Journal for history of mathematics Vol.27 No.1

This paper aims to evaluate works of Frege and G$\ddot{o}$del, who play the trigger role in development of logic, by Knowledge Change Model. It identifies where their positions are in the model respectively. For this purpose I suggest types of knowledge change and their criteria for the evaluation. Knowledge change are classified into five types according to the degree of its change: improvement, weak glorious revolution, glorious revolution, strong glorious revolution, and total revolution. Criteria to evaluate the change are its contents, influence, pervasive effects, and so forth. The Knowledge Change Model consists of the types and the criteria. I argue that in the model Frege belongs to the total revolution and G$\ddot{o}$del to the weak glorious revolution. If we accept that the revolution in logic initiated by Frege was completed by G$\ddot{o}$del, it is a natural conclusion.

4분과 : 미래 기후변화 시나리오에 따른 우리나라 소나무 임부의 재적 추정

김문일 ( Moon Il Kim ),이우균 ( Woo Kyun Lee ),( Gui Shan Gui ),( Hang Nan Yu ),최솔이 ( Sol E Choi ),김창길 ( Chang Gil Kim ),권태성 한국임학회 2014 한국산림과학회지 Vol.103 No.1

본 연구는 우리나라 주요 수종인 소나무림을 대상으로 RCP(Representative Concentration Pathway)8.5 시나리오에 따른 임목 재적의 시·공간적 변이를 예측하기 위해 수행되었다. 전국 규모의 예측을 위해 5차임상도와 국가산림자원조사 자료를 이용하였으며, 기후와 공간의 변이가 임목 생장에 미치는 영향을 반영하기 위해 기상 및 지형인자를 반영한 생장모형을 적용하였다. 모형의 검증을 위해 시, 도별 산림통계와 모형 결과를 비교한 결과, 비교적 높은 적합도를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 기후변화를 고려하였을 때, 소나무림의 임분 재적은 현재 131 m3/ha에서2050년에는 212.42 m3/ha까지 증가 할 것으로 예측되었으며, 현재의 기후가 유지될 경우에는 221.92 m3/ha까지 증가할 것으로 예측되었다. 기후변화의 영향으로 인해 일부 고산지대를 제외한 대부분의 지역에서 소나무림의 생장률이감소할 것으로 예측되었으며, 특히 해안지역과 남부지역에서 생장률의 감소가 클 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 통해 기후변화가 소나무림 생장에 미치는 영향을 시·공간에 따라 정량화 할 수 있었으며, 이는 기후변화 적응을 고려한 산림관리 및 시업계획을 수립하는데 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다. The main purpose of this study is to measure spatio-temporal variation of forest tree volume basedon the RCP(Representative Concentration Pathway) 8.5 scenario, targeting on Pinus densiflora forests which is the main tree species in South Korea. To estimate nationwide scale, 5th forest type map and National Forest Inventory data were used. Also, to reflect the impact of change in place and climate on growth of forest trees, growth model reflecting the climate and topography features were applied. The result of the model validation, which compared the result of the model with the forest statistics of different cities and provinces, showed a high suitability. Considering the continuous climate change, volume of Pinus densiflora forest is predicted to increase from 131 m3/ha at present to 212.42 m3/ha in the year of 2050. If the climate maintains as the present, volumeis predicted to increase to 221.92 m3/ha. With the climate change, it is predicted that most of the region, except for some of the alpine region, will have a decrease in growth rate of Pinus densiflora forest. The growth rate of Pinus densiflora forest will have a greater decline, especially in the coastal area and the southern area. With the result of this study, it will be possible to quantify the effect of climate change on the growth of Pinusdensiflora forest according to spatio-temporal is possible. The result of the study can be useful in establishing the forest management practices, considering the adaptation of climate change.

요추 추간판탈출증 수술 후 임상 증상의 회복

신병준,김준범,조영훈,권희,서유성,김연일,나수균,최창욱 대한척추외과학회 1997 대한척추외과학회지 Vol.4 No.2

Study Design : The authors retrospectively analysed the recovery of clinical symptoms after surgical treatment of lumbar HIVD. Objectives : To investigate the incidence of clinical symptoms, the recovery rate and time after surgical treatment and the difference between L4-5 and L5-S1 lesion. Summary of Literature Review : There are many reports concerning the clinical result of surgical treatment for the HIVD. They usually describe the result as excellent, good, fair and poor. We can't get any information about the recovery rate and recovery time of each clinical symptom from the reports. Materials and Methods : Thirty-eight patients were treated by one level open discectomy from march 1991 to december 1995. The clinical symptoms and signs including SLR, motor deficit, sensory deficit, change of DTR and severity of radiating pain were periodically followed up on the predesigned protocol, Results : In preoperative examination, SLR was positive in 82%, motor deficit in 76%, sensory deficit in 74%, DTR change in 50%, and radiating pain in 100%. The recovery rate of SLR was 96.8%, motor deficit ; 93.6%, sensory deficit ; 78.6%, DTR change ; 21 % and radiating pain ; 84.2%. The average recovery time of SLR was 3.4 months, motor deficit ; 1.9 months, sensory deficit ; 5.3 months, DTR change ; 4.1 months and radiating pain ; 3.2 months. Motor and sensory deficit was more frequent in L4-5 lesion but DTR change was usually noted in L5-S] lesion. The recovery rate and time showed no great difference between the two level. Conclusions : The recovery rate was higher in SLR, motor deficit and radiating pain rather than sensory deficit and DTR change. The recovery time was fastest in radiating pain but variable nature was noted in sensory deficit. Above results may be helpful to explain the prognosis of the lumbar HIVD.

키에르케고어의 관점에서 본 세월호 사건

박창균 ( Chang Kyun Park ) 한국개혁신학회 2014 한국개혁신학 Vol.43 No.-

세월호 사건은 우리 사회에 큰 충격을 주었다. 재발을 막기 위해서는 이 참사의 원인을 규명하여 관련자를 처벌하고 사회시스템이나 법적 정비를 하는 것이 필요하다. 그러나 이것으로 끝나서는 안 된다. 보다 근원적으로는 의식개혁이 이루어져야 한다. 왜냐하면 결국 시스템이나 제도를 운용하는 것은 사람이기 때문이다. 개개인의 의식의 변화가 있을 때보다 안전한 사회가 된다. 이런 맥락에서 키에르케고어가 자신이 살았던 당시의 시대비판과 단독자 개념에 주목한다. 본고에서는 세월호 참사의 근본적인 원인은 사랑의 소멸에 있다고 간주하고 이를 극복하기 위해서는 즉 사랑의 회복이 이루어지기 위해서는 개개인이 단독자가 되어야 한다고 주장한다. 단독자가 됨으로써 하나님의 사랑에서 비롯된 이웃에 대한 사랑과 생명에 대한 사랑, 일에 대한 책임의식이 제대로 작동하게 된다. 그리고 인간의 한계에 대한 인식이 단독자가 되기 위한 필요조건이고, 신인이신 그리스도와의 만남으로 비로소 충분하게 됨을 주장한다. The Sewol ferry accident gave a terrible shock to our society. It is necessary to find out the reason of this disaster, punish the persons connected with it, and improve the social system and the related law in order to prevent recurrence of such an accident. However, it should not be the end of it. Fundamentally, reformation of consciousness is crucial. For it is a person that applies the system or institution. I think that a society becomes safer when every person goes through consciousness change. In this context, I pay attention to Kierkegaard`s criticism of his age and his concept of Single Individual. This paper considers that the basic cause of the Sewol accident is extinction of love, and contends that each person should become a single individual in order to solve the problem, that is to recover love. If one becomes a single individual, he or she can have the love of the neighbor and of life, the love which originates from God`s love, and the responsibility for his or her works comes to work as it should. Recognition of the limits of human beings is a necessary condition to become a single individual, and meeting Christ, the God-man, makes it sufficient.

질산염과 인산염 농도 변화에 따른 Cymnodinium sanguineum과 Skeletonema costatum의 성장과 생화학적 구성성분의 비교

이택견,박명환,신경순,장만 한국환경생물학회 2000 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.18 No.4

Growth and biochemical composition were analyzed in Gymnodinium sanguineum and Skeletonema costatum grown in media containing various nitrate and phosphate concentrations. Concentrations of nitrate and phosphate in the growth media were 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2mM and 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 μM, respectively. Growth of G. sanguineum was suppressed in the low concentration of nitrate and phosphate(below N=0.3mM and P=15μM), whereas growth of S. costatum did not changed. At the low concentrations of nitrate and phosphate, amount of intracellular protein and carbohydrate in G. sanguineum cells were largely decreased, whereas content of carbohydrate in S. costatum cells was increased little. Amount of neutral lipid and phospholipid in G. sanguineum didn't chagned, but concentration of glycolipid was largely decreased in the medium containing low concentrations of nitrate and phosphate. However the levels of TAG, glycolipid, and phospholipid did not changed in S. costatum cells. These results show that S. costatum is more adaptable than G. sanguineum in the low concentration of nitrate and phosphate.

국내산 망고의 소비의향 요인분석

정학균 ( Hak Kyun Jeong ),김창길 ( Chang Gil Kim ),이문수 ( Mun Su Lee ) 한국축산경영학회 2014 농업경영정책연구 Vol.41 No.2

The purpose of this paper is to present the policy implications in order to secure stable supply for new cash crops as an option responding to Climate Change. For this study we estimated what variables affect customer`s choice for the domestic mango consumption. We analyzed the factors of consumption intention for domestic mango by using the Ordered Probit Model with the results from survey on consumer`s purchase attitude and intention. The result shows some variables such as income, recognition of temperature increase, recognition of safety and contentment of quality to price are significant. Therefore it is required to develop a new variety of crops for climatic adaptation, a new cultivation technology, a strategy for marketing to higher-income consumers and considerations on safety issue in order to increase its consumption.

프로그햄화된 습공기선도를 사용한 공조용 증발기 전열량 해석

김영재,장근선 선문대학교ㆍ중소기업기술지원연구소 2000 선문공대 연구/기술 논문집 Vol.5 No.1

전세계적으로 CFC계열 냉매의 사용이 규제됨에 기존 냉매들을 대체할 수 있는 새로운 대체냉매의 개발이 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 대체냉매의 사용은 필연적으로 냉동공조기기의 시스템특성을 변화시키고 이에 따라 변화된 시스템특성에 적합한 새로운 운전조건이 필요하게 되었다. 증발기, 응축기와 같은 열교환기는 에어컨의 소용화, 고효율화 및 저소음화의 모든 요소에 직접적으로 영향을 주므로 대체냉매용 또는 신형 공조기의 개발 및 설계기술에 필수적인 고려 사항이다. 공조기기의 열교환기 설계나 열교환기의 공기측 전열 성능을 해석하기 위해서는 습공기의 성질을 알아야 한다. 이러한 습공기의 성질들은 습공기선도(Psychrometric chart)를 이용하여 구할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 습공기선도의 물성치 및 습공기선도를 이용하여 공기측 전열량을 예측할 수 있는 프로그램을 Visual C++와 Visua Fortran을 이용하여 개발하였다. It has been a world-wide trend to seek a new refrigerant alternative due to worldwide regulations on the use of the conventional CFC’s The alternative refrigerants necessarily changes the system characteristics of refrigeratior equipment As a result, it is necessary to develop new operating conditions suitable to the changes of system characteristics In general, the refrigeration system mainly consists of various standard components such as the evaporator, the condenser, the compressor, and the expansion device. Among them, the heat exchanger such as the evaporator and the condenser is an important component for developing new refrigeration equipments using alternative refrigerants. Generally, the physica properties of the wet air have to be konwn for designing heat exchangers and calculating the air-side heat trnasfer rate These physical properties of the wet air can be obtained from the psychrometric chart. In this study a computer program. that estimate the properties of the wet air and air-side heat transfer rate, has been developed using Viusal C++ and Visua Fortran.