만성 두부외상 환자에서 99mTc - HMPAO Brain SPECT의 임상적 유용성

서정호(Jung Ho Suh),김동익(Dong Ik Kim),정태섭(Tae Sub Chung),이종두(Jong Doo Lee),박창윤(Chang Yoon Park),정진일(Jin Ill Chung),김영수(Young Soo Kim) 대한핵의학회 1992 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.26 No.1

N/A Minima1 deterioration of cerebral perfusion or microanatomical changes were undetectable on conventional Brain CT or MRI. So evaluation of focal functional changes of the brain parenchyme is essential in chronic head injury patients, who did not show focal anatomical changes on these radiological studies. However, the patients who had longstanding neurologic sequelae following head injury, there had been no available imaging modalities for evaluating these patients precisely. Therefore we tried to detect the focal functional changes on the brain parenchyme using Tc-99m-HMPAO Brain SPECT on the patients of chronic head injuries. Twenty three patients who had suffered from headache, memory dysfunction, personality change and insomnia lasting more than six months following head injury were included in our cases, which showed no anatomical abnormalities on Brain CT or MRI. At first they underwent psychological test whether the symptoms were organic or not. Also we were able to evaluate the cerebral perfusion changes with Tc-99m-HMPAO Brain SPECT in 22 patients among the 23, which five patients were focal and 17 patients were nonfocally diffuse perfusion changes. Thus we can predict the perfusion changes such as local vascular deterioration or functional defects using Tc-99m-HMPAO Brain SPECT in the patients who had suffered from post-traumatic sequelae, which changes were undetectable on Brain CT or MRI.

지구 온난화 문제에 대한 국내외 동향과 그 대책에 관한 연구

장원철,이두형,이태진 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1998 環境硏究 Vol.18 No.1

최근 전세계적으로 지구 온실효과 가스에 의해 야기되는 지구 온난화 현상에 대해 여러 가지 대응방안이 고려되고 있고 특히, 화석 연료의 사용과 관련된 이산화탄소에 의한 지구 온난화와 기후변화는 가장 심각한 문제로 나타나고 있다. 이런 전세계적인 우려는 마침내 기후변화에 대한 정부간 협의체인 COP를 결성시켰고 마침내 지난 1997년 12월 제3차 교토 COP에서 마침내 지구 온난화에 대한 국제적 규제사항으로 배출권거래제도, 공동이행제도, 자발적 협정 내용들이 논의 및 결정되었다. 그러나 이런 국제적인 논의에도 불구하고 국내의 이에 대한 대책은 단지적인 정책 대응에 미치고 있는 실정이다. 그러므로 본 논문은 이런 상황과 결부하여 지구 온난화에 대한 전반적인 상황고찰과 그 대응책으로 지구 온난화 물질 배출에 대한 통계체제 확립, 에너지 절약 및 효율 개선책 마련, 토지의 효율적 이용과 산림관리, 대체에너지 개발과 이산화탄소 이용에 대한 연구개발 확대, 이에 대한 전문인력 확보방안에 대해 그 의견을 개진하여 논의하고자 하였다. This paper gives a consider of recent status and possible countermeasures against global warning caused by gases of the green house-effect. Especially, the global warming and climate change caused by the accelerative emission of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are the most crucial for human beings. The worldwide anxiety has resulted in the operation of COP (United Nation's Framework Convention of Climate Change) and the 3rd conference on COP was held in the early of December 1997 at Kyoto, Japan. Naturally, several scenarios planned on governmental or political basis was focused on strategic topics, such as the restruction on the amount of consumption of fossil fuels through 'Joint Implementation', 'Eaission Trading', and 'Voluntary Agreements' for the use of carbon sources. Although the climate change issue has been actively discussed in the world, the status of countermove in Korea is only now turning activity and under-develpment situation. This work reviews the conflicts embodied in contemporary debates concerning climate change, technology development, and economic restriction and suggests political strategies for the global warming, such as a construction of monitoring system on gases of green house effect-gas, energy saving, the development of alternative energy, the efficient use of a forest, and rearing of experts.

문신치료의 실험적 연구

張忠鉉,李斗炯,陳世勳 大韓成形外科學會 1987 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.14 No.1

In general social opinions of developed cultural state, tattoos induced psychological and social problems. Since Hellenic times, the removal of unwanted tattoos has been a challenge: for example, salabrasion, dermabrasion, LASER surgery, skin graft and cryosugery, etc. But the availability of manay methods for the removal of tattoos appears to indicate that there is no one absolute method. So we studied macroscopical color changes and microscopical histological changes in tattooed rabbits and rats, and overtattooed rabbits and rats. The results were as following: 1. Inflammatory reactions was nearly almost disapperared within 3 weeks. 2. The major fade―out of tattooed color was occurred from post―tattooing 5 days to 3 weeks. 3. Dye particle was located mainly in upper & mid dermis and it was not relafted with tattooing depth. 4. Masking effect of black colored tattoos was definitely improved in the overtattooing group. But complete masking was impossible.

난소성 장액성 낭선암에 특이한 단백의 분리에 관한 연구

이상훈,장상근,고재경,김두상 한양대학교 의과대학 1992 한양의대 학술지 Vol.12 No.1

In order to correlate changes in the nature of proteins in the serous cystadenocarcinoma tissue of the ovary with those in the cystic fluid and ascitic fluid of patients with the ovarian cancer, proteins in the ovarian tissue, cystic fluid and ascitic fluid of patients with serous cystadenocarcinoma were isolated by a DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and HPLC. (1)Concentrations of protein in the ovarian cancer tissue, cystic fluid and ascitic fluid of patients with serous cystadenocarcinoma were unchanged as compared with those of controls. (2)Proteins in the ovarian tissues were isolated by a DEAE-cellulose column chromatography into 7 peaks in both serous cystadenocarcinoma tissue and control ovarian tissue. The DEAE-peak Ⅲ protein was divided into two parts (peak ?? and ??) in the ovarian cancer, but not in the control, indicating that the DEAE-peak Ⅲ?? was specific to the ovarian cancer. The DEAE-peak Ⅴ common to both serous cystadenocarcinoma tissue and its control was further separated by a HPLC into 4 peaks each. Although the HPLC patterns for proteins of both tissues appeared to be different, presence of proteins specific to the ovarian cancer was not confirmed in the ovarian cancer tissue. (3)Proteins in the ovarian cystic fluid were isolated by a DEAE-cellulose column chromatography into 5 peaks for serous cystadenocarcinoma and 4 peaks for serous cyst as the control of which the peak Ⅳ protein was divided into two parts(peak ?? and ??) in the ovarian cancer, but not in the control. Two protein peaks (DEAE-peak ?? and ??) in the ovarian cancer, but not control. Two protein peaks (DEAE-peak ?? and Ⅷ) were observed to be specific to the ovarian cancer. (4)Proteins in the ascitic fluid were separated by a DEAE-cellulose column chromatography into 7 peaks for the ovarian cancer and 5 peaks for the serous cyst, of which the peak Ⅳ protein was also divided into two parts as in the cystic fluid of the ovarian cancer, but not in the control. Three protein peaks (peak Ⅲ, ?? and Ⅷ) appeared to be specific to the ovarian cancer. These results indicated that concentrations of proteins were unchanged, but the nature of proteins were changed in the cancer tissue, cystic fluid and ascitic fluid of patients with serous cystadenocarcinoma and that proteins specific to the ovarian cancer were present in at least one for the ovarian cancer tissue, two for the cystic fluid and three for the ascitic fluid. The proteins specific to serous cystadenocarcinoma in the cystic and ascitic fluid appeared to be released from the ovarian cancer tissue and could be used as biochemical markers for the cancer.

농촌용수의 효율적 이용 및 관리방안

박석두(Seok-Doo Park),김홍상(Hong-Sang Kim),김창호(Chang-Ho Kim) 한국농촌경제연구원 2010 한국농촌경제연구원 기본연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

Water use in South Korea has been continuously increasing capacity, as the current water supply is exceeding water demand. But it’s hard to build new water supply of facilities such as dams or reservoirs because of difficulty of the site selection, oppositions to environmental destruction and ecological damage, and climate change. A way to overcome water shortages is water saving or efficiency of water use but the most important method is the efficient use of agricultural water and water facilities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to present efficient use and management of agricultural water. In chapter 2, Status of the total water resources, agricultural water supply, and water quality was investigated.. According to Waterplan 2006, the amount of water resources is expected to slightly increase but the amount of water use is to rapidly increase. Agricultural water demand is expected to continue to decline. Measures to supply water to the multi-purpose dam was built and five dams under construction. Agricultural water development projects are in progress but now more than expanding the water supply, water demand reductions should be carried out. And agricultural water quality improvement is needed. In chapter 3, agricultural water facilities and maintenance business were performed foe the present and future. Irrigated paddy field rates of frequency of drought possibility in 10 years are low, and agricultural water supply facility for elderly rates are high. There are too many small facilities and earthwork waterways. Water supply facility maintenance expenses for agriculture are increasing each year and state benefits and Korea Rural community Corporation’s own financing have been increasing recently. In chapter 4, Use and management systems of agricultural water and water facilities were studied. There are several of the water resources ministry that are managing such as ministry of land, transport and maritime affairs, ministry of environment, Ministry of food, agriculture, forestry and fisheries etc, and there are a lot of laws. Therefore, there are so many ministries and laws that it causes problems such as adjustment and management of water, focusing on development only, absence of standard for own agricultural water quality etc. In chapter 5, as the result of this study, rather than building new facilities to using and managing efficiently are set to the basic policy direction and we suggested some policy strategies to reformation of irrigation facilities for agriculture. Change irrigation and drainage canal to pipe-lined water-way, addition and improvement or reuse the existing irrigation facilities, multi-purpose use of agricultural water. Also we suggested the reorganization plan of management system for the irrigation facilities that systematic development and use plan for agricultural water, change the state benefits for the management of irrigation facilities to Korea Rural community Corporation’s own business work, integrated management organization system.

小兒腎症候群에 關한 臨床的 觀察

金幸美,李昌浩,具滋薰,安斗洪 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1980 慶北醫大誌 Vol.21 No.2

著者는 지난 3年間 慶北醫大 附屬病院小兒科에 入院하였던 特發性腎症候群 患兒 38名을 對象으로 臨床症狀, steroid療法에의 反應度, 豫後에 영항을 미치는 要因, 再發樣狀等을 觀祭하였으며 steroid 療法에 不良한 反應을 보인 17名에서는 經皮的腎生檢을 시행하였다. 또한 9名에서는 methylprednisolone의 "pulse" therapy, 5名에서는 cytoxan을 使用하여 아래와 같은 結果를 얻었다. 發病年齡은 3~7歲가 16名(42%)으로 가장 많았고 男兒 28各, 女兒 10名으로 男女比 約 3:1로 男兒가 많았다. 初發 및 再發時의 臨床症狀은 심한 全身浮腫이 71.1%, 腹水 및 胸腔渗出液이 65.8%, 胃腸障碍가 47.4%에서 觀察되었으며, 初期 steroid療法으로 完全寬解를 보인 경우는 14名(37.8%), 部分的寬解 17名(46%), 不良한 反應을 보인 경우는 6名(16.2%)였으며 20名(57.1%)에서 2週以內에 利尿의 招來 및 蛋白尿 消失을 보였다. 腎炎所見은 全例에 있어서 血尿 21.6%, 高血壓 10.8%. 및 窒素血症 24.3%로서 steroid 療法에 不良한 反應을 보인 患兒들에게서 높은 頻度를 나타내었으며, 1年以上 追跡觀察된 21各中 9名(43%)에서 첫 1年以內에 再發이 있었고 再發例의 約 半數에서 上氣道感染이 동반되었다. 17名에서 施行한 腎組織檢査 所見은 minimal change 8例, membranoproliferative glomeruloneph ritis 및 membranous glomerulopathy 各 3例, focal segmental sclerosis 1例 및 focal proliferative glomerulonephritis 2例로서 男女比는 13:4였다. 이 중 steroid 療法에 反應이 좋지 않았던 9各에 있어서 methylprednisolone의 "pulse" therapy를 시행한 結果 5名에게는 檢査所見의 현저한 好轉 및 再發이 없어지는 등의 成果를 얻었으며, 또한 cytoxan을 使用한 5名中 2名에서 完金寬解가 있었다. 같은 期間 동안 入院하였던 急性絲球體腎炎 患兒 54名中 6名에서 二次性腎症候群이 병발되었으며, 또한 1日 2gm/㎡ 以上의 多重의 蛋白尿는 急性絲球 體腎炎 6名 및 心不全症 2名에서 觀察되었다. A clinical observation was done on 38 children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, who had been admitted to our pediatric department during 2 years and 9 months period, from January 1978 to September 1980. The following results were obtained: At the beginning of illness. 42% were in the age group of 3-7 year, and male to female ratio was approximately 3:1 of male preponderance. During initial attack and subsequnt relapses, pitting edema on extremities was noticed in all cases, followed in frequency by generalized edema in 71%, ascites and/or pleural effusion in 65.8% and GI trouble in 47.4%. Response to initial continuous steroid therapy showed complete remission(group 4) in 37.8%, partial remission (group 2&3) in 46% and no response (group 1) in 16.2%. Within 2 weeks after institution of steroid therapy, both diuresis and disappearance of proteinuria were noted in 57.1%. Nephritic manifestations, eg. hematuria, hypertension & azotemia, were seen in 21.6%, 10.8%, 24.3% respectively, and the majority of children with these manifestation showed poor response to steroid therapy. Nine out of 21 patients in whom follow-up could be done over 1 year, experienced one or more relapses, giving 43% relapse rate during the 1st year, and URI was accompanied in about half of these episodes. Percutaneous renal biopsy done on 17 patients who showed steroid dependency, or no response to poor response toward steroid therapy showed the following results: Minimal change nephrotic syndrome in 8, membranous nephropathy in 3, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in 3, focal segmental sclerosis in 1 and focal proliferative glomerulonephritis in 2. And male to female ratio was 13:4. "Pulse therapy" with bolus dosage of methylprednisolone was tried on 9 patients, resulting in disappearance of relapse, or significant improvement in blood chemistry & urinary finding in 5. And 2 out of 5 patients in whom immunosuppressant therapy with cytoxan was given due to poor response to steroid, experienced complete remission. During the same study period, secondary nephrotic syndrome was observed in 6 out of 54 patients with acute glomerulonephritis, and heavy proteinuria alone, defined as proteinuria over 2gm/㎡ day, was seen in 6 patients with acute glomerulonephrits and 2 patients with congestive heairt failure.

만성 췌장염에 의한 십이지장 협착 1예

서백종,장기육,박용근,채현석,한석원,이창돈,정인식,차상복,박두호 대한내과학회 1997 대한내과학회지 Vol.53 No.3S

저자들은 만성췌장염환자에서 지속적인 오심과 구토를 주소로 내원하여 십이지장협착으로 진단된 1예를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다. Duodenal stenosis resulting from fibroinflammatory process is a rare complication of chronic pancreatitis. The mechanism of duodenal stenosis seems to be related to ischemia and edema caused by persistent inflammation, which results in irreversible change of duodenal wall structure. We experienced a chronic alcoholic male patient with duodenal stenosis who had a history of choledochojejunostomy to relieve distal bile duct stenosis several years ago. He had suffered persistent postprandial nausea and vomiting for several months. Barium study of upper gastrointestinal tract and repeated endoscopy show narrowing lumen of duodenum with coarse nodular surface due to reactive inflammatory change.

Gene profile of fibroblasts identify relation of CCL8 with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Lee, Jong-Uk,Cheong, Hyun Sub,Shim, Eun-Young,Bae, Da-Jeong,Chang, Hun Soo,Uh, Soo-Taek,Kim, Young Hoon,Park, Jong-Sook,Lee, Bora,Shin, Hyoung Doo,Park, Choon-Sik BioMed Central 2017 Respiratory research Vol.18 No.-

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by the complex interaction of cells involved in chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Global gene expression of a homogenous cell population will identify novel candidate genes.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Gene expression of fibroblasts derived from lung tissues (8 IPF and 4 controls) was profiled, and ontology and functional pathway were analyzed in the genes exhibiting >2 absolute fold changes with <I>p</I>-values < 0.05. <I>CCL8</I> mRNA and protein levels were quantified using real-time PCR and ELISA. <I>CCL8</I> localization was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>One hundred seventy eight genes differentially expressed and 15 genes exhibited >10-fold change. Among them, 13 were novel in relation with IPF. <I>CCL8</I> expression was 22.8-fold higher in IPF fibroblasts. The levels of <I>CCL8</I> mRNA and protein were 3 and 9-fold higher in 14 IPF fibroblasts than those in 10 control fibroblasts by real-time PCR and ELISA (<I>p</I> = 0.022 and <I>p</I> = 0.026, respectively). The <I>CCL8</I> concentrations in BAL fluid was significantly higher in 86 patients with IPF than those in 41 controls, and other interstitial lung diseases including non-specific interstitial pneumonia (<I>n</I> = 22), hypersensitivity pneumonitis (<I>n</I> = 20) and sarcoidosis (<I>n</I> = 19) (<I>p</I> < 0.005, respectively). Cut-off values of 2.29 pg/mL and 0.43 pg/mL possessed 80.2 and 70.7% accuracy for the discrimination of IPF from NC and the other lung diseases, respectively. IPF subjects with <I>CCL8</I> levels >28.61 pg/mL showed shorter survival compared to those with lower levels (<I>p</I> = 0.012). <I>CCL8</I> was expressed by α-SMA-positive cells in the interstitium of IPF.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Transcriptome analysis identified several novel IPF-related genes. Among them, <I>CCL8</I> is a candidate molecule for the differential diagnosis and prediction of survival.</P><P><B>Electronic supplementary material</B></P><P>The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-016-0493-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</P>

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

우주위성 부착용 구면 사가패치 마이크로스트립 안테나 해석 및 설계에 관한 연구

장재영,양두영 濟州大學校 工科大學 産業技術硏究所 1990 産業技術硏究報告 Vol.1 No.-

We analyze the spherical-rectangular patch microstrip antenna for contacting space satellite with confornial surface using the cavity model and derive the formulas for resonant frequency in the consideration of the effective relative dielectric constant in order to minimize errors of the resonant frequency which are caused by the fringing fields. A spherical-rectangular patch microstrip antenna operating at the frequency of 3.0GHz. for example, is designed and realized on Teflon substrate. Measured data for resonant frequency is 2. 985GHz and that for returnloss is -37.5dB for the designed antenna. Those are well agreed with theoretical values. Also power patterns are almost coincidence with theoretical results.