보조호르몬요법을 받는 여성 유방암 환자의 모발 변화와 치료 실태에 대한 기초 연구

이재경 ( Jae Kyung Lee ),김창현 ( Chang-hyun Kim ),홍동균 ( Dongkyun Hong ),정경은 ( Kyung Eun Jung ),서영준 ( Young-joon Seo ),김창덕 ( Chang-deok Kim ),이진선 ( Jin Sun Lee ),권인선 ( In Sun Kwon ),박상현 ( Sanghyun Park ),이영 대한피부과학회 2021 대한피부과학회지 Vol.59 No.7

Background: Hormone therapy, which includes tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors, is the most common adjuvant therapy used for breast cancer. However, only a few studies have reported endocrine therapy induced alopecia. Objective: We investigated the effects of long-term adjuvant hormone therapy on hair in patients with breast cancer, in addition to patients’ concerns and current treatment for hair loss. Methods: Patients completed a questionnaire that included information on self-perceived hair changes after each adjuvant therapy session, distress, and current treatment for hair loss. Using a folliscope, we measured hair density and thickness in each patient and in healthy controls. Results: The study included 93 patients with breast cancer (mean age 51.9±9.8 years). The density and hair thickness were 106.36±21.85 hairs/cm2 and 0.07±0.01 mm in the patient group and 147.86±30.67 hairs/cm2 and 0.07±0.01 mm in the control group (n=98, mean age 52.10±8.40 years), respectively. The mean hair density was significantly lower in the patient group than in the control group; however, no statistically significant intergroup difference was observed in hair thickness. Among 76 patients who perceived hair changes after adjuvant therapy, 71.1% (n=54) were distressed with regard to hair changes. However, only 7.8% of the patients, including two who were treated by dermatologists, currently received treatment for hair changes. Conclusion: Dermatologists should be familiar with hair changes in patients with breast cancer and provide appropriate education to encourage patients to consult dermatologists for hair loss and thinning after breast cancer treatment. (Korean J Dermatol 2021;59(7):521∼526)

Sports and Culture: Exploration for the Thought of Diversity and Historical Approach

Deok Seon CHANG,Hae Yu KIM,Hyuk Jin LEE 한국스포츠과학회 2020 스포츠과학연구(JSAS) Vol.4 No.4

Purpose: This study started with interest in sport culture and is meaningful as an exploratory study to help with the basic understanding of sport culture research. Research design, data, and methodology: The approach of this study is the exploratory approach by literature reviews. This study carried out exploratory research on thinking about diversity of sports culture and the development process of sports culture by human history periods. Results: First, in thinking about cultural diversity, cultural absolutism and cultural relativism were identified. The characteristics of sports culture can identify universality, individuality and diffusion, and the attributes of sports culture included sharing, learning, accumulation, whole systematic relationship and change. Second, the characteristics of sports culture were identified by the approach of each historical era. The historical stages were divided into ancient civilizations, ancient Greece and Rome, middle ages and early modern period, and late modern period. Sports have historically been found to have a British-centered European origin or popularized in the United States. Conclusions: with the characteristics of modern sports culture, the globalization of sports culture, the prominence of sports industry and sports space marketing, and the symbiotic influence relationship of sports and mass media were examined and future directions were discussed.

음성언어 생태와 듣기ㆍ말하기 교육

이창덕 한국초등국어교육학회 2003 한국초등국어교육 Vol.22 No.-

이 글은 국어와 국어 사용자의 생태를 중시하는 입장에서 말하기·듣기 교육의 기본 방향을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 현행 교육과정의 국어 듣기·말하기 교육의 목표, 교육내용, 방법, 평가 등의 문제점과 보완할 점을 생태학적 입장에서 짚어보고, 말하기·듣기 교육이 나아가야 할 바람직한 방향을 제시한다. 유기체로서 이 지구상의 생물이 주변 환경에 잘 적응하면서 주변 생물과 조화를 이루면서 살아가듯이, 인간이 주변 환경에 적응하면서, 사람들 사이에 서로 차이를 인정하고, 서로 존중하면서 상호 조정과 적응을 통해서 조화롭게 살아가는 데 기여하는 듣기·말하기 교육이 이루어져야 함을 강조한다. 생태학의 기본 개념과 주장을 바탕으로, 음성 언어 생태와 관련지어 국어 듣기·말하기 교육이 나아갈 방향과 각 하위 범주에서 지켜야 할 원칙에 대해서 논한다. 국어 사용자와 환경뿐 아니라 듣기·말하기 언어 활동 내부적으로도 듣기·말하기 능력은 여러 영역의 요소들과 관련되고, 듣기·말하기 자체의 능력도 여러 차원의 능력들이 통합되어 나타나는 능력이므로 이런 관련 영역들의 능력이 유기적이고 통합적으로 발달되도록 방향이 달라져야 할 것으로 본다. 현행 7차 교육과정의 국어 교과 말하기·듣기 교육의 목표, 내용 체계, 교수·학습 방법, 평가 등도 앞으로는 확대된 언어능력 개념에 따라서 보완되고 수정되어야 할 것이다. 확대된 언어능력 개념에 따라 국어 듣기·말하기 교육이 이루어진다면, 학습자들의 실제적인 언어 생활(듣기·말하기 생활)의 문제를 구체적으로 점검하고 조정하는 교육이 될 것이며, 말하기·듣기 활동을 통하여 바람직한 인간관계를 형성하고, 건전한 언어문화를 창조하는 데 실질적 기여를 한다는 점에서 국어 교육의 궁극 목표인 국어 발전과 민족의 언어문화 창달에 기여하는 교육이 될 것이다. Lee, Chang Deok 2003. For Ecological Approaches to Teaching Speaking and Listening in Schools The ecology of an organism is the set of relationships between that organism and its environment. The term 'ecology of language' is to describe the relationships between a variety of language and its surroundings. This paper is intended to stress the need of ecological approaches to teaching speaking and listening in school education. The ecological and ethnographic approaches to speaking and listening emphasize the deliberate use of signs and its interpretations, under the circumstances of social life or in the context of social interaction. First. I investigates some problems of the teaching speaking and listening in the 7th Korean National Curriculum being now used in each schools. The frame of the curriculum has not been made up of the practical ecological constituent elements but of the substantial knowledge and basic principals. With the curriculum, it is very hard for teachers to teach their students to improve their practical skills of speaking and listening, considering the relationship between their friends. Secondly, I suggest to teach students speaking and listening, reflecting upon the ecological conditions of their life. Various patterns of speaking in everyday life had been neglected in the course of teaching speaking and listening in every schools. Recently it has been argued that particular cases of speaking have to be dealt with the deliberate conditions of the context of language use in practical communications. I emphasize that teaching speaking and listening should be regarded not only as a skill of communication but as a way of character formation for students. Finally, it is argued that teaching speaking should be integrated with teaching reading and writing as well as teaching listening, for the four domains of language activities, speaking, listening, reading and writing, could be taught more effectively when they are taught in the connection of each other than taught separatedly. And I give highlight on the need to help each student examine his/her daily speaking and listening and check his/her problems of verbal communication through classroom activities so that every student can live his/her life in harmony with the people around him/her.

최한기의 인성론과 Rogers의 인간관의 비교

설창덕,천성문 한국동서정신과학회 2003 동서정신과학 Vol.6 No.2

본 연구는 Rogers의 인간관과 최한기의 인성론을 비교하여, 최한기의 인간관이 상담의 일반적 목표로서의 가능성이 있는가를 검토하기 위한 것으로서, 두 사람 모두가 인간을 변화하고 발전하는 긍정적인 존재로 보고 있다는 측면에 주목하여, 인간이 변화, 발전, 완성되어가는 과정을 어떻게 보는가를 비교하였다. 비교의 결과로 첫째, 최한기와 Rogers는 모두 인간을 선한 존재로 본다는 것은 일치하였다. 둘째, 인간이 발전하고 변화할 수 있는 근본적인 힘에 대하여서는 Rogers는 실현경향성을 최한기는 욕구를 들고 있다. 셋째, 인간은 어떻게 변화를 시작하는가 라는 문제에 대하여 Rogers와 최한기는 성장의 방향이 자신에게 외계로 확산되어 간다는 점에서 근본적으로 동일한 입장이었다. 넷째, 인간의 변화의 과정에 대한 인식에 대해 두 사람은 모두 인식의 근거를 자신의 지각과, 외계의 사물·타인이라는 주 객관적 요소의 조화 속에서 찾으려고 하였다는 점에서 동일하였다. 다섯째, 변화의 완성으로서의 인간상에 대하여 두 사람은 모두 자신의 인식에서 출발하여 세상에 대한 실천으로 완성되어지는 고도로 의식적이고 사회적인 존재로서 인간의 이상적인 모습을 그리고 있다. 마지막으로 이렇게 완성된 인간은 사회적 실천을 통해 이상사회의 건설에 적극적으로 나서는 사회의 개조자로서 세상을 살아간다는 것을 두 사람 모두 주장하고 있었다. 그러므로 최한기의 이상적인 인간에 대한 관점은 완전기능인이라는 Rogers의 관점과 완성의 과정과 완성된 상태 그리고 완성 후의 모습에 이르기까지 거의 흡사한 것이고, 오히려 최한기의 인간관이 우리민족의 역사적 문화적 전통을 바탕으로 하고 있다는 점에서 볼 때 토착적 상담심리학에서 목표로 삼을 만한 인간관으로서의 의미가 있다고 볼 수 있다. In this study, a new criterion for counseling psychological outlook on human being is tried to be found in Choi Han-gi's(1803-1877) treatise of human nature, who lived in the late of the Yi Dynasty, for which a human's ideal state appeared in his treatise of human nature is compared with Rogers' completely functional human being. The result of the comparison is as follows; First, the human being is regarded as a fundamentally good being. Second, Rogers regards dynamic for human development as tendency to realize in the position of ethical doctrine that a man's inborn nature is good, while Choi Han-gi regards it as theoretical need. Third, the progress of human growth and change is understood as spreading from oneself to outside world. Fourth, they tries to find the basis of cognition about the course of change out of harmony of subjective and objective factor. Fifth, the completed human is a subjective human being who changed the world through his/or her life. Sixth, the completed human is living in the world as a social reformer who comes forward positively for the construction of an ideal society. Choi Han-gi's treatise of human nature has a meaning that it shows the direction of Korean Counseling because it can be accepted as a general purpose the same with Rogers' completely functional human being, especially it admits the difference of each person's born character and human's need selectively and the process to complete a human being is united with that of social practice. Choi Han-gi's treatise of human nature has a counseling educational meaning that it is a desirable direction that mental training and practice should be united by carrying out counseling education and counseling activity as a social practice at the same time and that counselors are required to research into the origin of the need during the course of counseling education.

In vitro Screening of Jeju Medicinal Plants for Cosmeceutical Materials

Kim, Sang-Suk,Hyun, Chang-Gu,Lee, Jong-Sung,Lim, Ji-Hee,Kim, Ji-Young,Park, Deok-Hoon The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2007 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.50 No.4

One of the important functions of skin is protection from harmful environments. Many studies have explored how to prevent skin from wrinkling and the occurrence of pigmentation changes. Skin wrinkling and pigmentation changes could be caused by unusual disruption of connective tissue, the formation of free radicals and ultraviolet radiation. In this study, extracts obtained from 254 different kinds of Jeju medicinal plants were screened for inhibitory effects on tyrosinase and elastase, and for free radical scavenging effects. Four herbs, Phormium tenax, Morus bombycis, Morus alba, and Cudrania tricuspidata, were potent inhibitors of tyrosinase ($IC_{50}$ values 4.62, 5.46, 8.17, and 64.17 ${\mu}g$/mL, respectively). Aleurites fordii [$IC_{50}$: 5.29 ${\mu}g$/mL, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)], Distylium racemosum ($IC_{50}$: 6.14 ${\mu}g$/mL), Acer palmatum ($IC_{50}$: 5.44 ${\mu}g$/mL), and Spiraea salicifolia ($IC_{50}$: 5.25 ${\mu}g$/mL) showed good antioxidative effects. Furthermore, Distylium racemosum ($IC_{50}$: 7.51 ${\mu}g$/mL), Diospyros kaki ($IC_{50}$: 15.1 ${\mu}g$/mL), Cornus macrophylla ($IC_{50}:$ 16.59 ${\mu}g$/mL), and Psidium guajava ($IC_{50}$: 40.25 ${\mu}g$/mL) exhibited potent inhibitory effects on elastase. These results suggest that medicinal plants possessing several biological activities may be potent inhibitors of the processes involved in pigmentation increases and aging. Further investigations will focus on in vivo assays and on the chemical identification of the major active components responsible for whitening and anti-aging activity in the screened efficacious extracts.

Hypersensitivity Reaction Incidence Patterns and Risk Factors of Iodinated Contrast Media

김동휘(Dong-Hwi Kim),문종현(Jong-Hyeon Mun),김준환(Jun-Hwan Kim),윤승완(Seung-Wan Yun),박환상(Hwan-Sang Park),김창곤(Chang-Kon Kim),김영덕(Yeong-Deok Kim) 대한CT영상기술학회 2023 대한CT영상기술학회지 Vol.25 No.1

본 연구의 조사 대상은 본 원 에서 요오드화 조영제를 정맥으로 투여받고 CT 검사를 시행한 72,910명과 과거 조영제 과민반응을 겪었던 환자 2,798명을 대상으로 후향적 조사를 시행하였다. 나이, 성별, 과민반응 증상, 조영제 과민반응 기왕력 환자 전처치방법, 사용한 조영제 등을 분석하였다. 조영제 과민반응 발생은 여성과 60대 미만에서 발생 위험이 높고 과거 조영제 과민반응기왕력이 있더라도 적절한 전처치 약물 투여, 조영제 성분 변경을 시행하면 과민반응 발생 위험이 감소한다. 조영제 성분별과민반응 발생률은 Iopromide가 유의하게 과민반응 발생률이 높았고, Iohexol과 Ioversol이 낮은 발생률을 보였다. 조영제 과민반응 재발을 예방하기 위해서는 전처치 약물 단독 사용보다 선행적으로 원인 조영제를 재사용하지 않고 다른 성분의 조영제로 변경하여 사용하는 것이 우선적으로 시행되어야 하고 더불어 전처치 약물 투여와 함께하는 것이 재발을 예방할 수 있을 것이다. The subjects of this study were 2,798 patients who experienced hypersensitivity reaction of contrast media among 72,910 who had had iodinated contrast media administered intravenously and CT examination at our hospital. Retrospective survey was conducted with these subjects. Their age, gender, hypersensitivity reaction symptoms, prepare methods for the patients who had previous hypersensitivity reaction of contrast media, and contrast media administered were analyzed. When it came to the hypersensitivity reaction incidence of contrast media, women and patients aged less than 60 had the high risk of the reaction. Even if patients had previous contrast media hypersensitivity reaction, their hypersensitivity reaction incidence risk was reduced as they had an appropriate premedication drug administered and contrast media were changed. Regarding the hypersensitivity reaction incidence rate by contrast media, Iopromide’s hypersensitivity reaction incidence rate was significantly high, whereas Iohexol and Ioversol had low incidence rates. In order to prevent contrast media hypersensitivity reaction recurrence, it is preferentially necessary to change a contrast media to a different one without reuse of causative contrast media, rather than to use a premedication drug only. Along with that, it is necessary to administer a premedication drug.

비감속 252Cf중성자선원에 대한 비등방성교정인자 및 선량당량환산인자

장시영,정덕연,윤석철,김종수 대한방사선 방어학회 1993 방사선방어학회지 Vol.18 No.2

중성자 측정장비 교정을 위한 표준중성자장을 제작하기 위하여 순수멕스월분포(kt=1.42MeV)로부터 ??Cf 자발핵분열 중성자선원의 밀봉이 교정인자에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. SR-Cf-100과 SR-Cf-1273 밀봉모형을 실제 제작조건으로 하여 MCNP 코드를 사용하여 몬테카를로 모의를 수행하여, 비등방성교정인자와 선속밀도-대-선량당량 환산인자를 산정하였고, 다른 연구결과와 비교하였다. 결과로서, Fi(θ=90˚)는 1.061(통계오차 : ±0.2%), H/??는 333.9[pSv·㎠] (통계오차 : ±0.5%)인 것으로 산정되었다. 이 환산인자(H/??)의 값은 ISO 8529의 권고보다 1.8%가 작은 것인데, 이것은 한국원자력연구소의 비감속 ??Cf중성자선원의 스펙트럼이 ISO의 것보다 약간 더 연화하다는 물리적 의미를 갖는다. Form the pure Maxwellian distribution(kT= 1.42MeV), the effects upon calibration factors of encapsulating a Cf spontaneous fission neutron source were invdwtigated to establish a standark neutron field in the Secondary Standark Kosimetry laboratory at Korea Atomic Inergy Research Institute(KAERI). A Monte Carlo code MCNP was used in simulating the encapsulation SR-Cf-100 and SR-Cf-1273 to be real conditions. The anisotropy(FI) and fluence-to-dose equivalents conversion factors(H/Φ) were evaluated and compared with other results. As the results, the FI was determined to be 1.061 atθ=90˚ with ±0.2% statistical error and the (H/Φ) was evaluated to be 333.9 [pSv·㎠] with ±0.5% statistical error, which is lower by 1.8% than that recommended by the ISO 8529. This means physically that the neutron spectrum of the unmoderated Cf source in KAERI is a little more softened than that by the ISO.

여중생의 체육수업 기피요인 분석

유창재,김영수,김수덕 신라대학교 교육과학연구소 2004 교육과학연구 Vol.- No.9

마이크로휜이 부착된 평편관의 응축열전달특성에 관한 연구

全昌德 忠州大學校 1999 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.34 No.1

Experiment was performed to study the characteristics of heat transfer of flat tubes with micro-fins using HFC-134a as an alternative refrigerant. Data are presented for the following range of variables: mass flux(200 to 600㎏/㎡s), and inlet saturation pressure of the refrigerant(1.0 and 1.6MPa). The tubes having ten separate parallel channels and four internal geometries were tested. The subcooled heat transfer coefficient for four geometries were well predicted using Gnielinski equation with hydraulic diameter. Condensation heat transfer coefficient was compared with the previously proposed correlations, Akers correlation agreed with experimental results within +49∼-13% and Jeon's correlation agreed with experimental results within +18∼-20%.

사전편찬을 위한 대량의 말뭉치에서의 자동 용례색인기의 개발

이창덕,박영자,송만석 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1997 논문집 Vol.29 No.1

Lexical knowledge of a language is necessary to study the language and one can obtain the knowledge about each word by investigating how it is used in contexts. A large corpus is an abundant knowledge resource which provides syntactic and semantic information of a language. So, many tools for maintaining a large corpus and extracting information from it are needed. A concordance system is one of the most useful tools. We implemented a concordance system which can retrieve linguistic information from the large corpus(about 30,000,000 words) correctly and quickly. We constructed index files to retrieve concordance in real time. This system can also retrieve concordances among non-adjacent words, which is very useful to acquire phrase-level information. Various query languages and graphic user interface are supplied to support user's different requirements. This system is being used in Korean lexicography.