송이 균환내 토양수분의 시공간적 변화

구창덕 ( Gu Chang Deog ),김재수 ( Kim Jae Su ),이상희 ( Lee Sang Hui ),박재인 ( Park Jae In ),안광태 ( An Gwang Tae ) 한국산림과학회 2003 한국산림과학회지 Vol.92 No.6

Water is critically important for Tricholoma matsutake(Tm) growth because it is the major component of the mushroom by over 90%. The mushroom absorbs water through the below ground hyphal colony. Therefore, the objectives of our study were to investigate spatio-temporal water changes in Tm colonies. This study was carried out at Tm fruiting sites in Sogni Mt National Park, where the below-ground fairy-ring colonies have been irrigated. To identify spatial water status within the Tm soil colony soil moisture and ergosterol content were measured at six positions including a mushroom fruiting position on the line of the colony radius. To investigate temporal soil moisture changes in the soil colony, Time Domain Reflectometry(TDR) sensors were established at the non-colony and colony front edge, and water data were recorded with CRlOX data logger from late August to late October. Before irrigation, whereas it was 12.8% at non-colony, the soil water content within Tm colony was 8.0% at 0-5cm from the colony front edge, 6.2% at 10-15cm and 6.5-7.5% at 20-40cm. And the content was 12.1% at 80cm distance from the colony edge, which is similar to that at the non-colony. In contrast, ergosterol content which is proportional to the live hyphal biomass was only 0.4pg/g fresh soil at the uncolonized soil, while 4.9 ㎍/g fresh soil at the front edge where the hyphae actively grow, and 3.8 .㎍/g fresh soil at the fruiting position, l.l ㎍/g at 20cm distance and 0.4㎍/g in the 40cm rear area. Generally, in the Tm fungal colony the water content changes were reversed to the ergosterol content changes. While the site was watered during August to October, the soil water contents were 13.5-23.0% within the fungal colony, whereas it was 14.5-26.0% at the non-colony. That is, soil water content in the colony was lower by 1.0-3.0% than that in the non-colonized soil. Our results show that Tm colony consumes more soil water than other parts. Especially the front 30cm within the hyphal colony parts is more critical for soil water absorption.

Allogenic succession of Korean fir (<i>Abies koreana Wils.</i>) forests in different climate condition

Lim, Chi Hong,An, Ji Hong,Jung, Song Hie,Lee, Chang Seok Springer Japan 2018 Ecological research Vol.33 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>This study was conducted to clarify the changes in vegetation that occurred due to changing environmental factors, especially climate, at Korean fir (<I>Abies koreana</I>) stands with different climatic conditions established on Mt. Halla, which is located on a southern island of South Korea. The difference of species composition between sites was large and depended on elevation and slope aspect at lower elevations, whereas not as much among stands or between sites at the highest elevations of each slope aspect. It was interpreted that differences and similarities among sites were dominated by the microclimate determined by the topographic conditions of each site. The result of vegetation dynamics analysis predicted that the Korean fir forests would be replaced by temperate forests such as Mongolian oak (<I>Quercus mongolica</I>) forests or shade intolerant forests composed of early successional species such as Korean cherry (<I>Prunus maximowiczii</I>) and Spreading yew (<I>Taxus cuspidata</I>) at lower elevations, while would continuously persist at the highest elevations. We interpreted the vegetation changes appeared at the lower elevations as an allogenic succession, as the recent rapid climate changes directly and indirectly dominated the change. The species distribution modeling predicted that the distributional range of Korean fir would decrease to 13.4 and 10.1% of the current distribution in 2050 and 2070, respectively. Further, the distribution modeling showed that the sites located at lower elevations would no longer be within the distributional range of Korean fir forest, and those at the highest elevations would be sparsely scattered in fragmented states.</P>

구강검진에서 임상검사와 비교한 파노라마방사선사진의 유용성

안서영,안창현,최갑식 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2007 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.37 No.2

Purpose : To evaluate the efficacy of panoramic radiography by comparing the results of clinical examination with radiographic findings. Materials and Methods : We studied 190 patients (20 men and 170 women; mean age, 40 years; range, 22 to 68 years) who visited the health promotion center of Korea Medical Science Institute and were examined both clinically and by panoramic radiography. We compared results from both examinations. Treatment options by clinical examination were described as “no treatment indicated”, “treatment of dental caries”, “removal of calculus”, “treatment of periodontal disease”, “prothodontic treatment” and “extraction of the third molar”. Findings taken from the panoramic radiography were: dental caries, periapical lesion, alveolar bone loss, calculus deposition, retained root, impaction of the third molar, disease of maxillary sinus, bony change of mandibular condyle, etc. Results : The prevalence of panoramic findings were: 37.9% of dental caries, 17.4% of periapical lesions, 44.7% of alveolar bone losses, 62.6% of calculi deposition, 7.9% of retained roots, 26.8% of third molar impactions, 6.3% of diseases of maxillary sinus, 2.1% of bony changes of mandibular condlye and 35.8% of miscellaneous lesions. Abnormal conditions revealed by panoramic radiography which had not been discovered on clinical examination were: 24.2% of the patients had dental caries, 17.4% had periapical lesions, 7.4% had calculi deposition, 5.3% had retained roots, 15.3% had third molar impactions. The opposite cases were: 5.2% had dental caries, 12.6% had calculi deposition, and 9.5% had third molar impactions. Conclusion : The use of panoramic radiography as a supplement to the clinical examination might be a valuable screening technique.

반공이데올로기와 도시 그리고 건축

안창모 경기대학교 건축대학원 2005 경기대학교 건축대학원 논문집 Vol.9 No.-

This paper is to discover how Anti-Communism was operated on architecture and urbanism in 1960s~70s' Korea. 1960s & 70s Korea was a era of political and economic changes. There were many epoch-making events including 4.19 revolution, 5.16 coup, 5 year economic development planning etc... . There was an only leader, who the Park Jeonghee. Due to his political weak points - coup, red-complex, Japanese military service, the late president Park abused art and architecture for his political purpose to keep the political power. First, President Park tried to use artists including architects to fortify his illegal power. The Federation of Artistic & Cultural Organizations of Korea(FACOK) was made under the support of 5.16 coup and the Korean lnstitute of Architect became a member of FACOK. All of the artistic and cultural organization was for the President Park. All of the president park's policy was justified by the partition of the Korean peninsula under the Cold War System and absolute poverty. They believed that the end justified the means. Especially Anti-communism was a major ruling ideology to keep the power. The whole society was controlled by anti-communism. There is no exception to the architectural field. And architecture was not only a good means to show off political achievements but a effective way to indoctrinate people with a ruling dogma or ideology. The Freedom Center, statues of National Hero in the Seoul street, construction or reconstruction of memorial hall for national historic war hero or site, the plan for fortified city were good examples for the security ideology in everyday life based on anti-communism. Thru these projects, this paper discovered latent ruling idelolgy in architecture and urbanism in 1960 & 70x' Korea

BPMC 및 인삼액이 흰쥐의 혈액성분에 미치는 영향

安茵洙,趙萬熙,金昌世 순천향대학교 1992 논문집 Vol.15 No.2

To study the effects of herbicide on the biochemical components of human the rats were grouped in 4 such as A ; administered 4 ppm BPMC alone, B ; 1% ginseng extract alone, and C ; mixed BPMC and 1% ginseng extract every other day. And it obtained following results. 1. Addecting a biochemical changes on the BPMC administered, it was GOT, GPT, ALP, total bilirubin, BUN, and uric acid. 2. No affecting a biochemical changes on the BPMC administered, it was total protein. albumin, and A/G ratio. 3. Group C, mixed administration of BPMC and 1% ginseng extract every other day, shown no significant biochemical changes. 4. Group B, administration of 1% ginseng extract alone shown as almost same as control group. From these above results it was suggested that ginseng extract was protected and controlled against abnormal biochemical changes resulting from BPMC administration.

안구적출에 따른 위둔덕의 칼슘결합단백질의 재구축 및 상호 연관성

안병수,고길석,안명수,김경주,권안성,정명섭,박춘매,조병옥,김진우,Samudra Acharya,Parmeshwar Narayan Amatya,장인엽 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2007 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.32 No.1

Background: Superior colliculus is a part of midbrain, and participates in the visual reflexes, It receives afferent fibers from optic nerve, visual cortex, and spinotectal tract. After optic deprivation, the microscopic structure of the superior colliculus changed. Calcium-binding proteins (CBPs) Play an important role in the neuronal protection, differentiation and reorganization of the central nervous system, Objectives and Methods: The effects of neonatal retinal deafferentation on a CBPs, calbindm D-28k (CB), Parvalbumin (PB) and calretimn (CR), and the existence of colocalization between the CBPs were examined immunohistochemically in the rat superior colliculus. Results: On the experimental (contralateral to enucleation) side of superior colliculus, the number of CB-immunoreactive (IR) cells was reduced (77.4% compared to control), but not fibers. The number of PB-IR neurons and fibers was also reduced on the experimental side (88.5% compared to control), In the other hand, the CR-IR cells were dramatically increased (642% compared to control), but CR-IR fibers were markedly decreased on the experimental side. The colocalization between CB-CR and PV-CR was rarely observed in the superior colliculus Conclusion: These results suggest that the changes of retinotectal projection may alter the expressional pattern of CBPs in different manners; relatively stable in CB- and PV-IR neurons and plastic in CR-IR neurons.

CT 영상을 이용한 악골 골수염의 경조직 변화에 관한 연구

안창현,최보람,허경회,이원진,이삼선,최순철 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2009 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.39 No.3

Purpose : To assess the clinical findings and hard tissue changes of osteomyelitis of the jaws using computed tomographic (CT) image analysis. Materials and Methods : We reviewed and interpreted the CT images of 163 patients (64 males and 99 females, age range from 10 to 87 years) who visited the Seoul National University Dental Hospital from April 23, 2006 to December 31, 2008 and were diagnosed as osteomyelitis of the jaws through clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic examination. Each CT findings was investigated for frequency, correlation with age and gender. Results : Of the 163 patients, 31 (19.0%) were affected on the maxilla, 135 (82.8%) were affected on the mandible, and 3 (1.8%) were affected on the both jaws simultaneously. The mean age of the patients who were affected on the maxilla was 61.0 years and that of the patients who were affected on the mandible was 56.2 years. On the maxilla, the most frequent site of disease was the posterior area (83.9%) and on the mandible, mandibular body (83.0%), followed by angle (48.1%), ramus (38.5%), condyle (13.3%), incisal area (9.6%), and coronoid process (3.0%). Among the 31 maxillary osteomyelitis, defect in the trabecular bone was observed in 28 (90.3%), osteosclerosis 20 (64.5%), defect in the cortical bone 27 (87.1%), sequestrum 17 (54.8%), and periosteal reaction 2 (6.5%). Among the 135 mandibular osteomyelitis, defect in the trabecular bone was observed in 100 (74.1%), osteosclerosis 104 (77.0%), defect in the cortical bone 116 (85.9%), sequestrum 36 (26.7%), and periosteal reaction 67 (49.6%). Conclusion : Of our cases, the maxillary osteomyelitis was visibly observed more frequently in females than males. The incidence is the highest in seventies (28.8%) and the lowest in teens (3.1%). The osteomyelitis of the jaws was observed more frequently in males than females before the age of 50, and observed more frequently in females after the age of 50. The most noticeable point was that the sequestrum was observed more often on maxillary osteomyelitis and the periosteal reaction was observed more often on mandibular osteomyelitis. (Korean J Oral Maxillofac Radiol 2009; 39 : 163-8)

급성 족관절 염좌에 대한 침구병행 치료와 침 단독 치료 효과의 비교 연구

우창훈 ( Chang Hoon Woo ),권오곤 ( O Gon Kwon ),안희덕 ( Hee Duk An ) 한방재활의학과학회 2010 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.20 No.1

Objectives :The purpose of this study is to compare with the effect of acupuncture treatment with or without indirect moxibustion treatment for acute ankle sprain. Methods :This study was carried out on the 48 patients who had been treated for acute ankle sprain from June 1st to November 30th 2009 in the Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation, Pohang Oriental Medical Hospital, Daegu Hanny University. The patients were divided into 3 groups ; Group A took near acupuncture point needling, Group B took remote acupuncture point needling, Group C took remote acupuncture point needling with indirect moxibustion. 3 Groups had been co-treated with rest, ice, compression and elevation(RICE) therapy, physical treatment and administered Ojeok-san(Wuji-san) extract granule. To evaluating the efficiency of each treatment, Ankle-Hindfoot Scale(AHS) and Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) were applied before treatment and after 3rd treatment. Results :In results, the AHS scores were increased and the VAS scores were decreased after 3rd treatment in all group. Also, AHS scores and the VAS scores of intergroup were showed no significant change. Conclusions :In this study, there is no significant effect between only acupuncture treatment and moxibustion co-treatment for acute ankle sprain.

항공사진과 Lidar 데이터를 이용한 산림지역의 바이오매스 추정에 관한 연구

장안진 ( An Jin Chang ),김형태 ( Hyung Tae Kim ) 한국지리정보학회 2008 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.11 No.3

최근 지구환경 문제가 국제적 이슈로 떠오르는 가운데, 친환경적이면서 재생 가능한 바이오매스 에너지원에 대한 관심이 주목되고 있다. 특히 우리나라는 기후변화 협약 및 교토의정서 발효 등에 따라 탄소배출량을 조절해야 하는 시점이기에 산림 바이오매스에 대한 중요성이 더욱 커지고 있다. 산림지역이 전체국토의 약 2/3을 차지하는 국내의 경우 넓은 지역을 포함하고, 일률적인 데이터 처리가 가능한 원격탐사 자료를 이용하여 바이오매스를 추정하는 것이 보다 경제적이고 효율적인 방법이다. 본 연구에서는 원격탐사 자료 중 개체목 구분 및 수고 추출이 가능한 LiDAR 데이터와 항공사진을 이용하여 산림지역의 바이오매스를 추정하고, 현장실측 자료와 비교를 통해 정확도평가를 수행하였다. 총 3종류의 바이오매스 산출식을 사용하여 조사구 내 개체목의 평균 바이오매스와 조사구 내 전체 바이오매스를 계산하여 현장조사 자료와 비교하였다. 개체목 평균 바이오매스의 회귀분석 R2는 모두 0.8이상으로 높계 추정되었고, 조사구 내 전체 바이오매스의 R2도 0.65 이상의 값을 나타내었다. 이를 통해 기존의 현장조사를 통한 방법보다 원격탐사 자료를 이용하여 보다 효율적이고 경제적으로 관측할 수 있음을 확인하였다. Recently, problem of earth environment being attended with international issue, people are concerned about the environmentally-friendly and renewable biomass energy. Especially, the forest biomass is more important because Korea have to control carbon footprint for Kyoto Protocol and Convention on Climate Change. In case of Korea, forest area covers the land about 2/3 of all country. It is needed that more economical and efficient method to estimate the biomass by remote sensing data which include wide coverage and is progressed by one-step. In this study, we estimate forest biomass with LiDAR data and aerial photograph. Three biomass equation is used and estimate mean biomass of single tree and entire biomass in plots. The results are compared with field data. R2 of the mean biomass of single tree is greater than 0.8 and that of entire biomass in plots is greater than 0.65. In conclusion, the method using remote sensing data is verified more economical and efficient than previous field data method.

미국 사회정신의학의 역사

장안기(An Kee Chang) 대한사회정신의학회 2000 사회정신의학 Vol.5 No.1

사회정신의학의 역사는 기초 사회과학및 행동과학이 정신의학에 끼친 영향과 관계를 알아보는 것이라고 할 수 있다. 사회정신의 학의 근본적인 믿음은 환경적 요소가 질병의 발병, 인지, 치료는 물론 재활에 있어 주된 역할을 한다는 것이다. 즉 의사-환자 모델뿐만아니라 전체적 관점에서 의료체계를 볼 수 있다는 점이다. 미국의 사회정신의학의 다양한 관심분야 중에 정신과 치료와 정신질환에 대한 미국의 공공정책이 어떻게 지역사회에 기반을 둔 관리방식으로 변화되어 왔는지를 역사적으로 살펴보았다. 결론적으로 정신질환의 관리는 1) 개인과 가족의 책임으로 보는가, 아니면 사회와 국가의 책임으로 보는가, 2) 또는 정신질환을 질병으로 보아서 치료의 대상으로 보는가, 아니면 사회적 일탈자로 보아서 통제하기 위하여 격리 수용해야 하는가, 3)정신질환에 대한 효과적인 치료가 생물학적 방법인가, 심리적 방법인가, 사회적 방법인가 4) 정신질환자들의 삶의 질을 사회에서 어느 정도까지 보장해 주는가 등에 대한 사회적 합의의 반영으로 보인다. History of social psychiatry is to review the influences and relationships of the basic social and behavioral sciences to the field of psychiatry. The basic belief of social psychiatry is that environmental factors play an important role in the development, recognition, treatment and rehabilitation of disease. The view of social psychiatry recognizes health care systems not only by doctor-patient relationship model but also by macro-society model. In this review, I briefly described the history of the American psychiatric services. Over the last hundred years the management of mental patients in U.S.A. has changed. Treatment has shifted from mental hospital towards community care in U.S.A. In conclusion, the direction of the mental health policy is determined by the result of social consensus about mental illness and mental patients.