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Prithviraj Chakraborty,Versha Parcha,Debarupa D. Chakraborty,Indranil Chanda,Amitava Ghosh 한국약제학회 2013 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.43 No.2
The purpose of this study was to develop pharmaceutically active buccoadhesive wafer formulations containing Loratadine and mathematically optimize the influence of bioadhesive polymer Sod. CMC and Lactose monohydrate as an ingredient of wafer base matrix, on the physicochemical and drug release performance from the prepared wafers. The wafers, which were prepared by the solvent casting method, were smooth and elegant in appearance; uniform in thickness, weight and drug content;showed no visible cracks; and demonstrated good folding endurance. A 32 factorial design was employed to study the effect of independent variables like Sod.CMC and Lactose monohydrate, which significantly influenced characteristics like buccoadhesion, swelling index, disintegration time and t70 % of the prepared wafers. The drug-excipients interaction studies performed by ATR-FTIR, DSC and XRD revealed drug polymer compatibility within the wafer formulation. Surface morphology of the prepared wafers were studied by using SEM. Drug release study in the buccal environment showed the efficacy of the wafers to release drug within a very short span of time. Thus a conclusion might be brought forward that the present buccal wafer formulation could be an ideal system improving the bioavailability of the drug by avoiding hepatic first pass metabolism and would be an ideal alternative for the patients suffering with dysphagia.
Jui Chakraborty,Swapankumar Ghosh,Somoshree Sengupta,Sudip Dasgupta,Manjusha Chakraborty,Sudipta Mallik,Kamal Lal Das,Debabrata Basu 한국공업화학회 2012 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.18 No.6
The presence of trace level (<1 ppm) carbonate ion in the interlayer space of MgAl-LDH has been estimated by ion chromatography technique using a novel inverse chemical suppression method using 0.5 mM H2SO4 as mobile phase and 25 mM LiCl as regenerating solution. The presence of carbonate ion in the LDH structure was found to affect the anion exchange capacity of MgAl-LDH. This has been illustrated by carrying out anion exchange of nitrate ion in the MgAl-LDH structure with chloride ion. The importance of this simple but accurate technique for the carbonate ion estimation is demonstrated and reported in this communication.
SOME RESULTS ON THE UNIQUE RANGE SETS
Chakraborty, Bikash,Kamila, Jayanta,Pal, Amit Kumar,Saha, Sudip Korean Mathematical Society 2021 대한수학회지 Vol.58 No.3
In this paper, we exhibit the equivalence between different notions of unique range sets, namely, unique range sets, weighted unique range sets and weak-weighted unique range sets under certain conditions. Also, we present some uniqueness theorems which show how two meromorphic functions are uniquely determined by their two finite shared sets. Moreover, in the last section, we make some observations that help us to construct other new classes of unique range sets.
ON RELATIVE CLASS NUMBER AND CONTINUED FRACTIONS
CHAKRABORTY, DEBOPAM,SAIKIA, ANUPAM Korean Mathematical Society 2015 대한수학회보 Vol.52 No.5
The relative class number $H_d(f)$ of a real quadratic field $K=\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{m})$ of discriminant d is the ratio of class numbers of $O_f$ and $O_K$, where $O_K$ denotes the ring of integers of K and $O_f$ is the order of conductor f given by $\mathbb{Z}+fO_K$. In a recent paper of A. Furness and E. A. Parker the relative class number of $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{m})$ has been investigated using continued fraction in the special case when $(\sqrt{m})$ has a diagonal form. Here, we extend their result and show that there exists a conductor f of relative class number 1 when the continued fraction of $(\sqrt{m})$ is non-diagonal of period 4 or 5. We also show that there exist infinitely many real quadratic fields with any power of 2 as relative class number if there are infinitely many Mersenne primes.
Farmers Preference and Perception towards Cropland Agroforestry in Bangladesh
Chakraborty, M.,Haider, M.Z.,Rahaman, M.M. Institute of Forest Science 2015 Journal of Forest Science Vol.31 No.4
This study attempts to examine farmers' preference and perception towards cropland agroforestry (CAF) and its economic benefits in Bangladesh. It surveys 84 farmers of two sub-districts named Manirampur and Bagherpara under Jessore district of Bangladesh to address the study objectives with the help of a questionnaire during the period of June to July 2013. We follow a multistage random sampling procedure for selecting respondents of the survey. A total of 27 plant species under 19 families are identified in the surveyed crop fields, among which 11 are tree species and 1 is shrub from 8 families and 15 species are agricultural crops from 11 families. According to the survey findings, most of the farmers prefer multipurpose tree species like Swietenia macrophylla (67 percent), Phoenix sylvestris (48 percent), Mangifera indica (48 percent) and Cocos nucifera (43 percent). We also find that Curcuma longa (92 percent), Oryza spp. (56 percent), Solanum melongena (43 percent) and Amorphophallus campanulatus (33 percent) are the available agriculture crops which are grown in association with trees in the study area. The surveyed farmers report that they practice CAF to get fuel wood, fodder, juice, fruit and food for family consumption and revenue earnings. About 76 percent of the surveyed farmers endorse the existence of a positive interaction between trees and agriculture crops, while the rest 24 percent endorse the existence of a negative interaction between trees and agriculture crops. This study finds that CAF farmers on an average earn US$ 1,410 per farm per year and the yearly average revenue difference between CAF and non-cropland agroforestry (NCAF) farmers is US$ 214. Overall, CAF needs to develop through scientific intervention in the study area to conserve the biodiversity and to enhance farmers' sustainable livelihood.
Chakraborty, Souvik,Tewari, Shikha,Sharma, Rajinder Kumar,Narula, Satish Chander,Ghalaut, Pratap Singh,Ghalaut, Veena Korean Academy of Periodontology 2014 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.44 No.2
Purpose: Both chronic periodontitis (CP) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) induce oxidative stress in the body and cause an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD). This study explored the SOD enzyme activity of saliva and serum in CP patients with and without IDA and analyzed the impact of IDA on CP. Methods: A total of 82 patients were divided into four groups: control group (CG, 22), periodontally healthy IDA patients (IDA-PH, 20), CP patients (CP, 20), and IDA patients with CP (IDA-CP, 20). After clinical measurements and samplings, serum and salivary SOD levels were determined using an SOD assay kit. Results: IDA-CP patients exhibited a higher gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, and percentage (%) of sites with a clinical attachment loss (CAL) of ${\geq}6mm$ (P<0.008) than CP patients. The mean salivary and serum SOD levels were significantly lower in the IDA-PH, CP, and IDA-CP patients than in the CG group (P<0.008). A significant positive correlation between salivary and serum SOD activity was observed in IDA (P<0.05). Furthermore, serum and salivary SOD levels were significantly and negatively correlated with all periodontal parameters including the percentage of sites with CAL of 4-5 and ${\geq}6mm$ (P<0.05) except the significant correlation between salivary SOD activity and mean CAL and the percentage of sites with CAL of 4-5 mm (P>0.05) in these patients. Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, it may be suggested that IDA patients with chronic periodontitis have more periodontal breakdowns than patients with chronic periodontitis. Serum and salivary SOD activity levels were lower in the IDA-PH, CP and IDA-CP groups than in the CG. Iron deficiency anemia influenced the serum SOD activity but did not seem to affect the salivary SOD activity in these patients.
Biconnectivity, st-numbering and other applications of DFS using O(n) bits
Chakraborty, S.,Raman, V.,Satti, S.R. Academic Press 2017 Journal of Computer and System Sciences Vol.90 No.-
<P>We consider space efficient implementations of some classical applications of DFS including the problem of testing biconnectivity and 2-edge connectivity, finding cut vertices and cut edges, computing chain decomposition and st-numbering of a given undirected graph G on n vertices and m edges. Classical algorithms for them typically use DFS and some Omega(1gn) bits(1) of information at each vertex. Building on a recent O (n)-bits implementation of DFS due to Elmasry et al. (STACS 2015) we provide O (n)-bit implementations for all these applications of DFS. Our algorithms take O (m lg(c) n IgIgn) time for some small constant c (where c <= 2). Central to our implementation is a succinct representation of the DFS tree and a space efficient partitioning of the DFS tree into connected subtrees, which maybe of independent interest for designing other space efficient graph algorithms. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</P>
UNIQUE RANGE SETS WITHOUT FUJIMOTO'S HYPOTHESIS
Chakraborty, Bikash Korean Mathematical Society 2022 대한수학회보 Vol.59 No.5
This paper studies the uniqueness of two non-constant meromorphic functions when they share a finite set. Moreover, we will give an existence of unique range sets for meromorphic functions that are the zero sets of some polynomials that do not necessarily satisfy the Fujimoto's hypothesis ([6]).
Some pharmacological findings of non therapeutic importance of an Ayurvedic preparation Chandanasav
Chakraborty, Sharmila,Rajia, Sultana,Choudhuri, M. Shahabuddin Kabir,Hossain, M. Faruk,Sattar, Mafruhi,Shrestha, Tripti Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2006 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.6 No.2
Chandanasav is an Ayurvedic preparation slightly reduced the gastrointestinal motility at the 15 min time interval. It increased the latent period of castor oil induced diarrhoea, slightly decreased number of stool count and lowered the purging index values. Chandanasav significantly reduced the onset and increased the duration of pentobarbital induced sleeping time. No significant analgesic effect was observed from the hot plate study Thus it may have mild constipating and central nervous system depressant activity without any effect on peripheral nervous system.