제2형 당뇨병 외래 환자의 비만도에 따른 미세혈관합병증

이성규,조남한,김현만,이관우,정윤석,채봉남,김윤정,이미덕,노혜림,홍은경,조현경 대한당뇨병학회 2000 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.24 No.1

Background: Korean type 2 diabetic patients who are frequently non-obese, may be genetically different from Western type 2 diabetics who are frequently obese. Therefore, the diabetic complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Korea may be also different from those of Western countries. Until now, most studies reported in Korea did not analyse the microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus according to obesity, and also the criteria in the diagnosis of microvascular complications were different in each study. We investigated the microvascular complications and its relationship with obesity, in type 2 diabetic patients visiting an outpatient clinic. Methods: The study subjects were type 2 diabetic patients visiting an outpatient clinic of Ajou University Hospital. We selected patients participating in a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, retrospectively. Type 2 diabetes was diagnosed according to the WHO/NDDG classification of diabetes. Biochemical studies including lipid profile, plasma insulin and C-peptide levels were done. Anthropometric measurements were performed. Based on BMI (㎏/㎡), the patients were divided into the following groups: the lean group, when the BMI was less than 20 ㎏/㎡ the ideal body weight (IBW) group, if the BMI was between 20 ㎏/㎡ and 25 ㎏/㎡ in women and 20 ㎏/㎡ and 27 ㎏/㎡ in men; and the obese group, when the BMI was $gt;25 ㎏/㎡ in women and $gt;27 ㎏/㎡ in men. Results: 1. Neuropathy (45.2%) was the most frequent among the microvascular complications, and the frequency of retinopathy was 15.1%, and that of nephropathy was 4.9%. Within 5 years of diabetes duration, the frequency of neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy was 43.2%, 11.8%, and 2.9%, respectively. 2. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA_(1c)) and fasting blood glucose levels were not different among the three groups. Beta cell function{Δ (insulin 30min - insulin Omin)/Δ(glucose 30min - glucose 0min)} was the highest in the obese group. However, beta cell function(ΔI/ΔG) divided by the basal insulin level, considered insulin resistance, was not different among the three groups. 3. Within 5 years of diabetes duration, retinopathy tended to be the most frequent in the lean group, whereas neuropathy tended to be the most frequent in the obese group, and body mass index influenced the retinopathy and neuropathy, statistically significantly. Conclusion: Diabetic neuropathy was the most frequent among microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus in our study subjects. At the time of presentation within 5 years of diabetes duration, the lean group of type 2 diabetics had a tendency of the more frequent retinopathy, the obese group had a tendency of the more frequent neuropathy. These results suggest that type 2 diabetes mellitus in Korea is also not a single disease entity, as in Western countries and is a heterogenous group of disorders with a diversity of microvascular complications. However, the more studies about this will be required.

솔-젤공정에 의한 한외알루미나 여과막의 기공보정에 관한 연구

채만병,조원준,정은정,이진휘,서동호 서울産業大學校 1996 논문집 Vol.44 No.1

서로 다른 입자 크기의 3층 구조를 갖는 튜브 형태의 한외 알루미나 분리막은, 일반적으로 제조공정중 분리층에 결손부분이 발생하기 때문에 낮은 선택도 및 제거율을 보인다. 이와같은 결손부분을 보정하기위하여 습도조절에 의한 선택적 적심(alternative wetting by controlled humidity)을 한 수 colloidal silical 솔을 적용하여 처리하고 특성을 평가 하였다. Sealing처리한 분리막에 대한 누수여부를 평가하기 위하여 3가지의 염료로 조사하였고, 보정전분리막과 보정후분리막에 대한 SEM, 액체으 투고도, 선택도 및 P.E.G./물 혼합물의 제거율을 측정하였다. P.E.G 2000, 12000 및 35000에 대한 제거율은 각각 약 0.6, 18 및 17% 향상된 결과를 보였으나 colloidal silica 솔의 deposition에 기인하여 투과율의 감소는 77%였다. 이상의 결과에서 보면 습도조절에 의한 선택적 적심법은 비록 deposition에 의한 문제점을 내포하고 있으나 액체분리를 위한 알루미나 한외여과막의 보정에 효과적인 방법이다. The 3-layer type alumina membrane consisting of different pore size shows the decreased selectivity and rejection because of cracks in the separation layer generally occurred during the manufacturing process. To modify these cracks, the colloidal sol is applied by sol-gel process after treating by alternative wetting method using controlled humidity(Alternative Wetting Method by controlled humidity) and evaluated the characteristics. For the evaluation of the leakage for the sealed membrane, the sealed membranes were tested by 3 kinds of dyes. For the comparing of native and modified membranes, the modified membranes for the cracks treated by Alternative Wetting Method by controlled humidity were also tested by SEM, permeability by liquid equipment, selectivity and rejection of the P.E.G./water mixtures. The results showed that the rejections were increased ca. 0.6, 18 and 17 % for the P.E.G. polyethyleneglycol 2000, 12000 and 35000 individually. The permeabilities are decreased, however, 77% for the pure water caused by deposition of colloidal silica sol after caulking. In conclusion, the Alternative Wetting Method by humidity control had the effect for the modification of ultrafiltration alumina membrane for separation of liquids and gases, though having problem of deposition.

韓國 初期 現代詩의 形態考

채만묵 全北大學校 敎育大學院 1987 敎育論叢 Vol.7 No.-

This is a kind of trial to study the pattern of Korean free verse. To begin with, the pattern of the poem, From the sea to the Boy which is the origin of free verse is analyzed. The change-processes in pattern of the works which had been in the pre-step until this poem was produced are observed. The patterns of the poems which existed before the poem, From the sea to the Boy which is named as Shinshiga, new poem song, and of the poems which were generated by the change of its pattern bear the characteristics of preliminary step to yield the pattern to free verse. This poem is a changed form succeeding to the tradition of‘four syllables and four syllables’ which are the basic rhythm of‘Shijo’and‘Kasa’, unique Korean‘Shiga’. It is again subdivided into specific forms. Such change in rhythm brought the pattern of free verse. In other words, it is meant that the pattern of free verse was not made of itself by the chronological requirement, but made by the property of free verse in the pattern change which was based on rhythm of unique Korean ‘Shiga’. Thus, the study on the characteristics of the first Korean free verse brings the following results. First, it enables us to make a consistent systematization of the early modern poetry in Korea. Second, it was found that Korean free verse was generated by the trial to change the pattern of the basic rhythm of the unique Korean‘Shiga’, Third, the property of the first Korean poem became to be known so that the origin of a branch of Korean free verse in the history of Korean modern poetry was found. And the characteristics of the works after that poem which are in a branch of free verse can be known on the basis of that origin. The things enumerated above are meanings of this study.

李箱의 詩에 관한 硏究

채만묵 全北大學校 敎育大學院 1981 敎育論叢 Vol.1 No.-

The study on poetry of Lee Sang has been, is and will be discussed by critics because of the diversity, peculiarity and individuality in his poetry. However, in my opinion, the critics have not fully examined the basic fundamentals of Lee Sang's poetry. Below is a summary of three characteristics of Lee Sang's poetry that I researched. First, Lee Sang's poetry is closely related to his life. The fact that his life is completely identified with his poetry is similar to that of Dadaism. Second, he has attempted various experiments in the form of poetry; his continual phrasing, wording without punctuation or juncture, introducing numbers and diagrams in his poems and neglecting the lines and stanzas. Third, he has shown the conflicts of two structures of his consciousness; real surface structure and inner deep structure. The relations of these two levels are the backbone of his poetic structure. The objects of the conflict such as sense of death, tradition, sex and eternity form his world of poetry. Consquently, his peculiarity and individuality in hisworld of poetry has been derived from the fusion of Dadaistic and Surrealistic elements. Also his negation of traditional Korean poetic forms has contributed to the development of modernistic poetry in Korea.

효소를 이용한 식물성 식품가공부산물의 식품 소재화 탐색 연구

채희정,한민수,인만진 한국응용생명화학회 2004 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.47 No.1

陸史詩의 이미지와 構成

채만묵 全北大學校 敎育大學院 1986 敎育論叢 Vol.6 No.-

This paper aims at analyzing the image of important words and the structure of Lee Yuk-Sa's influential Poems. The Image of time and the image of space are the chief characteristics in his poetry. The image of time is future-oriented. It is shown as poetic image such as desire, expectation and encounter. The characteristics of futureoriented take its role as a wish-fulfillment of the readers making them a strong will and faith to struggle against the sordid, difficult present conditions. The image of space is made of rising structure. Closely related with the image of time, it takes its role as a medium of revealing the brighter side rather than dark and extention-oriented rather than reduction-oriented. In the view of the latter of 1930s, such characteristics were quite new and different from the poetic tendencies of that time. The distinctive structure of his poetry is the dramatic one in the poetic form. The dramatic structure of a poem is a method used in the film or drama. It appeals to the reader's poetic sympathy extending his tension to the uttermost. Lee Yuk-Sa has much contributed to the Korean poetry in both the image and new structure of it.

웹 기반 멀티미디어 농수산물 주문판매 시스템

서성채,최준용,방만원 木浦大學校 情報産業硏究所 1997 情報産業硏究誌 Vol.5 No.-

The high-speed communication backbone has the features that it is faster than any previous communication media, larger in the bandwidth and lower in the error rates. For cut-edge technical development and various service in the high-speed communication backbone, it is firstly required the technique that the multimedia informations such as texts, voices, pictures and videos are processed on real-time and then they are utilized through the connections. The future shopping and ordering system will be required as the dynamic and interactive system which can directly identify the process, size and shape of products and order, not as the static which have only texts data. And it will arise the need for the efficient management of multimedia DB. In this paper, We developed the multimedia order and sale system of agricultural and marine products. We expect that it enables to the home-shopping that users can search the informations of agricultural and marine products in home or office, and order the production after identifying with pictures and videos.

FeZr₂結晶質의 磁氣的 特性

김채옥,박래만 漢陽大學校 自然科學硏究所 1997 自然科學論文集 Vol.16 No.-

Fe-Zr계는 조성비에 따라 초전도성과 강자성을 가지며 그 중간의 좁은 조성영역에서는 상자성을 나타낸다. 그러나, 조성비에 따른 특성역역의 경계가 명확하지 않다. FeZr₂는 강자성과 상자성의 경계가 되는 조성비를 갖는 합금으로서 비정질 FeZr₂이미 상자성이라는 것이 알려져 있다. 그러나, 결정질FeZr₂의 자기적 특성은 아직 조사된 바가 없어 이를 조사하는 것은 중요하다. 결정구조를 XRD를 통해 알아보았으며, 온도에 따른 자기모멘트와 외부자장에 따른 자기모멘트를 측정하였다. 그 결과 결정구조는 tetragonal을 이루었으며, 자기모멘트의 값이 ∼?????? 정도로 작게 나타났다. 한편, 전이온도 추정이 어려울 정도로 온도에 따른 자기모멘트의 변화가 작았으며, 400K 이하에서는 자기적 전이 특성이 나타나지 않았다. 자기이력 곡선의 경우에는 이력이 매우 작게 나타났으며, 포화 자기모멘트에 이르는 외부자장값 즉, 포화자장 값이 매우 큰 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 결정질FeZr₂는 비정질이 상자성인 것과는 달리 반강자성으로 판단된다. Fe-Zr system shows the property of superconductivity and Ferromagnetism as the Fe-Zr composition ratio changes and paramagnetism in the narrow region between superconductivity and Ferromagnetism. However the characteristic boundary of the Fe-Zr composition ratio for the Fe-Zr system properties is not clear. FeZr₂is located on the boundary region between ferromagnetism and paramagnetism and amorphous FeZr₂is reported to be paramagnetic, but it is very important to investigate the properties of the crystalline FeZr₂because crystalline FeZr₂is not investigated yet. FeZr₂crystal was investigated lattice structure by the method of XRD and measured the magnetic moments as temperature increases and external magnetic field variates. As a results, the crystal structure was tetragonal and the value of the magnetic moment was about ??? order emu/g, very small. On the other hand, The variation of the magnetic moment as temperature increases is very small, so it is very difficult to estimate the magnetic transition temperature. In the magnetic hysteresis graph, the hysteresis is very small and saturation magnetic field was high. So crystalline FeZr₂is thought antiferromagnetic.

栽植密度와 施肥量 調節에 의한 水稻 두 品種의 移秧 省力化 可能性 硏究

盧載昇,具滋玉,許詳萬 順天大學校 1983 論文集 Vol.2 No.1

本 硏究는 水稻作에 있어서 栽培의 省力化 可能性을 栽培技術面에서 探索하기 위하여 收量의 減少없이 增肥에 따른 栽植密度減少의 限度推定과 그 타당성 해석을 하고져 試圖되었다. 試驗은 1980年度 全南大學校 試驗畓에서 水稻品種인 "密陽23號"와 "사도미노리"를 供試하였으며, 窒素-燐酸-加里 15-7-8kg ai/10a를 標準으로 하는 O(N-P-K)區, ½(N-P-K)區, 1(N-P-K)區 및 2(N-P-K)區의 4水準 施肥量 處理에 各各 坪當 216, 156, 108, 72, 49, 36, 27, 18株의 8水準 栽植密度處理를 供試하였다. 試驗年度는 全國的으로 低 溫과조의 障害가 극심하였으나 本 試驗地는 비교적 피해가 적은 지역여건을 구비하고 있어서 被害가 적었던 地域의 하나였다 결과를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 密陽23號와 사도미노리의 수량 및 수량구성요소들은 施肥量 및 栽植密度에 따라 고도의 유의적인 분산反應을 보였다. 2. 增肥에 따라 密陽23號는 坪當 27株까지의 疎植에서 減收가 없었으나 사도미노리는 49株 以下의 疎植에서 減收되므로 多肥疎植의 適應性은 密陽23號에서 높았다. 3. 增肥에 의한 穗數의 確保能力은 密陽23號에서 認定되었고, 增肥密植에 의한 결주손실률 또한 密陽23號에서 큰 경향이었으며 種內 競合에 따른 密植適應性은 사도미노리가 높았으나 增肥疎植適應性은 密陽23號가 높았다. 4. 增肥에 따른 面積當 潁花數增加는 密陽23號에서 有意的으로 높았다. 5. 登熟率은 사도미노리가 大體로 높은 傾向이었으나 坪當 49∼36株의 節圍에서는 두 品種 모두 一定한 水準이었으며, 增肥에 의하여 密陽23號는 直線的으로, 그리고 사도미노리는 완만한 曲線的으로 增加하는 反應差異가 있었다. 6. 千粒重의 變異는 密陽23號가 全般的으로 높았으나 坪當 36∼156株 節圍內에서는 反應差가 없었으며 增肥에 따른 密陽23號의 不安定한 反應差에 대하여는 앞으로 硏究가 요구된다. 7. 出穗期의 草長, 最高分蘖期의 分蘖數, 出穗期 上位3葉의 葉綠素含量 變異等의 生長反應에 있어서도 大體로 收量 및 收量構成要素 反應과 類似하게 密陽23號의 增肥疎植適應性을 立證하였으나 出穗特性에서는 有利性을 認定할 수 없었다. 8.增肥疎植에 따른 經營的 側面에서의 可能性 解析 硏究가 앞으로 계속될 必要가 있다. The study was conducted to estimate the labor-saving feasibility in rice culture control (reduction) of transplanting densities with added fertilization. The experiments were located in the experimental farm of agricultural college of Chonnam National University, 1980 by using of two rice cultivars "Milyang 23" and "Sadominori". The treatments were varied in four fertilization levels as zero (N-P-K), ½(N-P-K), 1(N-P-K), and 2(N-P-K) and eight transplanting densities as 216, 156, 108, 72, 49, 36, 27 and 18 hills per 3.3㎡ Detected responses in growth, yield and yield components from the experiments could be summarized as follows. 1. Both experimented rice cultivars showed statistically significant variances in yield and yield components as affected by fertilization and planting density treatments. 2. Under 2(N-P-K) levels, Milyang 23 showed no reduction in yield untill 27 hills per 3.3㎡, however Sadominori untill 49 hills, respectively. 3. Under 2(N-P-K) levels, the increament in panicle number was detected at cv. Milyang 23, however loss in hill number by intra-specific competition of rice plants at densing of planting densed planting spaces was higher than in cv. Sadominori. 4. A significant increase in spikelet number per a given area was recognized at cv. Milyang 23. 5. Increasing tendencies in ripeness rates by additional fertilization was detected as linear function at cv. Milyang 23, however guadratic at cv. Sadominori. 6. Under 36∼156 hills per 3.3㎡, no significant differences in grain weights was detected, and more detailed studies are asked as for unstabilities in ripeness at cv. Milyang 23. 7. Variations in plant heights, tillering numbers, chlorophyll contents at heading stages make reasonable data for Labor-saving feasibility in Milyang 23 by reduction of transplanting densities with added fertilization, however, not in flowering pattern. 8. Furthermore studies with farm managemental sides showed by followed.

세자리 Schiff base Cobalt(Ⅱ)와 Nickel(Ⅱ) 착물들의 합성과 전기화학적 성질

정만태,이송주,채희남,정병구 광주보건대학 1994 論文集 Vol.19 No.-

Co(Ⅱ) and Ni(Ⅱ) complexes containing tridentate Schiff base ligand SOIPH [salicylidene-o-iminopyridine] derived from salicylaldehyde with 2-aminopyridine were synthesized. These complexes were characterized 표 elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis(T.G.A.), solution conductivity, and IR and UV-visible spectra. It was found that Co(Ⅱ) and Ni(Ⅱ) complexes had a 2 : 1 Schiff base ligand to metal(Ⅱ) ratio and were octahedral configuration. The redox processes of these complexes in DMF and DMSO containing 0.1M TEAP as supporting electrolyte were investigated at glassy carbon electrode by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and at HMDE(hanging mercury drop electrode) by differential pulse polarographic (DPP) technique. Reduction of Co(Ⅱ) complex was two steps, whereas Ni(Ⅱ) complex was one step. Reduction of these complexes observed as one electron process irreversibly and diffusion- controlly. Reduction of the Co(Ⅱ) complex was observed positive potential than Ni(Ⅱ) complex.