Comparison of antibody responses after the 1st and 2nd doses of COVID-19 vaccine with those of patients with mild or severe COVID-19

( Hye Hee Cha ),( So Yun Lim ),( Ji-soo Kwon ),( Ji Yeun Kim ),( Seongman Bae ),( Jiwon Jung ),( Sung-han Kim ) 대한내과학회 2022 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.37 No.2

Background/Aims: Data comparing the antibody responses of different coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine platforms according to dose with natural severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection-induced antibody responses are limited. Methods: Blood samples from adult patients with mild and severe COVID-19 and healthcare workers who received ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (2nd dose at 12-week intervals) and BNT162b2 vaccine (2nd dose at 3-week intervals) were collected and compared by immunoglobulin G immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 specific spike protein using an in-house-developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: A total of 53 patients, including 12 and 41 with mild and severe COVID-19, respectively, were analyzed. In addition, a total of 73 healthcare workers, including 37 who received ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and 36 who received BNT162b2, were enrolled. Antibody responses after the first and second doses of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or the first dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine were similar to those in convalescent patients with mild COVID-19, but lower than those in convalescent patients with severe COVID-19, respectively. However, after the second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine, the antibody response was comparable to that in convalescent patients with severe COVID-19. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the second dose of mRNA vaccination may be more beneficial in terms of long-term immunity and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 variant infection than a single dose of COVID-19 vaccination or homologous second challenge ChAdOx1 nCoV-19.

P*TIME: 실시간 엔터프라이즈의 고성능 트랜잭션 처리를 위한 메모리 중심의 경량 DBMS

차상균(Sang K. Cha1),송창빈(Changbin Song),권근주(Keunjoo Kwon),이용식(Yongsik Lee),김기홍(Kihong Kim),이동헌(Dongheun Lee),이주창(Juchang Lee),황상용(Sangyong Hwang),노재윤(Jaeyun Noh),권용식(Yongsik Kwon),윤용식(Yongsik Yoon) 한국정보과학회 데이터베이스 소사이어티 2003 데이타베이스 연구 Vol.19 No.4

메추리알의 저장성 향상에 대한 세척 및 저장 조건의 효과

차보숙,김학현,엄권용,김우정 한국산업식품공학회 2003 산업 식품공학 Vol.7 No.4

메추리알의 저장성 향상을 위하여 세척수의 온도와 pH, 세척후의 mineral oil coating, 저장중 공기의 상대습도(RH)와 CO₂의 영향을 비교하였다. 메추리알의 품질특성은 난황계수, Haugh unit, 중량감소를 측정하였다. 그 결과 세척수 온도 50℃와 pH 11.0의 KOH 용액이 수돗물이나 pH 3.5의 lactic acid 용액으로 세척한 것보다 저장성 향상에 효과가 있었다. 환경기체조건을 상대습도 70%와 3.0% CO₂ 농도로 조절한 것은 상대습도 80%와 2.0% CO₂의 조건보다 저장 기간을 50% 이상 연장 시켰다. 또한 mineral oil로 coating 처리할 경우 50℃에서 알칼리 용액으로 세척한 후 상대습도 70% 및 3.0% CO₂ 조건에서 저장하는 것보다 54% 가량 저장성 향상에 효과가 있었다. 이러한 조건에서 저장온도를 4℃로 낮출 경우 3개월 이상의 저장이 가능하였으며 선정된 세척 및 환경기체 조건은 저장 중 메추리알의 무게의 감소도 크게 낮춰 주었으며, 특히 mineral oil coating은 무처리구와 비교할 때 2.5배 이상 무게감소를 억제하는데 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. Effects of pH and temperature of the washing water, mineral oil coating, and PH and CO₂consentration for storage were investigated to extend the shelf-life of quail eggs. The quality characteristics of quail eggs measured were yolk index(YI), Haugh unit(HU) and weight loss. The results showed that KOH-adjusted washing water of pH 11.0 at 50℃ were effective on the improvement of storage stability of the eggs. Comtrolled atmosphere of RH 70.0% and 3.0% CO₂resulted in prolonged shelf-life by 50% when it was compared to the condition RH 80.0% and 2.0% CO₂. Coating the eggs with mineral oil extended futher the shelf-life up to 54%. combined treatments of washing at 50℃ and pH 11.0, coating with mineral oil, and controlling the atmosphere at RH 70.0% and 3.0% CO₂ extended the shelf-life more than 4 monts during storage at 4℃. The wight loss of the eggs during storage was significantly reduced by the storage at above condition and treatment particularly storing at 4℃.

환경정보를 이용한 실내공간 모니터링 시스템의 구현

권차욱,차경애 대구대학교 정보통신연구소 2009 情報通信硏究 Vol.6 No.1

본 논문은 일정한 출입자가 상시 존재하는 사무실 등과 같은 실내 공간의 영상정보와 온도, 습도 등의 환경정보를 통해서 해당 공간의 상태를 자동으로 모니터링할 수 있는 시스템을 설계하고 응용프로그램의 구현 및 실험을 목표로 한다. 실제로 모니터링의 목적으로 일상의 실내 공간에 CCTV와 같은 무인장비가 구축되어져 영상정보의 자동적 획득은 많이 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 영상정보는 환경정보와의 상관관계를 통해 실내상태를 인식하는 시스템의 구축을 통해서 보다 효율적으로 활용할 수 있다. 즉 일정 시간이상 동적인 상태가 이루어지지 않을 경우 환경 센서 정보(온도, 습도, 조도)를 분석하여 에어컨, 전등 등을 자동으로 on/off 하도록 하는 제어하도록 함으로서 무인제어를 가능하게 한다. 이를 위해서 온⋅습도 센서를 통해서 입력되는 환경정보를 분석하고 동시에 무선 카메라를 통해서 입력되는 영상의 분석을 통해서 해당 상황을 인식하여 사용자가 설정한 환경변수를 자동 제어하는 시스템을 구현하였다. 실험은 연구실에서 실시하였으며, 움직임이 검출되었거나 일정시간 이상 움직임이 검출되지 않았을 때 자동으로 에어컨, 전등 등을 on/off하는지를 확인한 결과 효율적으로 무인제어가 되는 것으로 나타났다.

척추경 나사못 시스템의 극한 단면 하중

송권욱,차승환,정일섭 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 2002 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.30 No.2

Simplified modeling technique was applied to generate finite element models for lumbar spine and instrumented pedicle screw systems. Three consecutive vertebrae were included in a model, and two level instrumentaion was analyzed. In these simplified models, spring elements and multi-point constraints were used to represent the stiffness of functional spine units. Instrumented screws were modeled by using beam elements constrained to adjacent cancellous bone nodes. External loads on lumbar were estimated from intact models, based on the experimentally noted normal range of motion for flexion, extension, lateral bending and torsion. Compression load was determined by overload assumption based on the weight of human body. These estimated loads were regarded as external loads and applied to instrumented models, and section loads in implanted pedicle screw system were computed. The conditions, magnitudes and locations of critical section loads were sought for and summarized. From the computed internal loads, critical load cases were identified. The effective stresses for the critical cases were evaluated and found to be well below the static strength of titanium alloy.

콩나물蛋白質의 營養學的 硏究

梁且範,文南順,尹錫權 漢陽大學校 師範大學 1981 論文集 Vol.- No.1

Nutritional evalution of proteins from soybean and soybean sprout and effect of methionine supplement to soybean sprout was studied by feeding albino rat. Sprague-Dawley strain of albino rats fed for 15 days with 5% (Group 1) and 10% (Group 2) level of protein from soybean, 10%(Group 3), 15% (Group 4) and 20%(Group 5) level of protein from soybean sprout, methionine supplement to soybean sprout (Group 6) and 10% level of protein form casein as a reference (Group 7). The results are as follows 1. Body weight gain was greater in soybean than soybean sprout in same protein level. Methionine supplementation increased weight gain significantly compared to soybean sprout alone. 2. By increasing protein level of soybean sprout, weight gain was increased significantly. 3. The more rat gained weight, the more rat in take food and there was significant correlationship between weight gain and food intake. 4. Protein intake was related to weight gain and there was significant positive correlationship between them. 5. PER was increased from 1.061 to 1.962 by adding methionine to soybean sprout, and PER increment was low by increasing the level of protein from soybean sprout in diet. There are no correlationship between PER and weight gain. 6. By adding methionine to soybean sprout, chemical score was increased. Chemical score showed significant positive correlationship with PER but not with weight gain. EAAI and RI was positively correlated significantly with PER.

미국의 과제중심 진로지도 프로그램

최준섭,권차미,왕소랑 한국교원대학교교육연구원 2006 敎員敎育 Vol.22 No.3

이 연구는 예비공학교육을 통한 미국의 국가 경쟁력 제고를 위하여 만들어진 프로그램의 내용을 살펴보는데 있다. 미국의 PLTW(Project Lead The Way)는 대학의 공학을 준비하기 위한 예비 공학 프로그램으로서 정규 교육 과정으로서가 아니라 공학을 위한 지식과 직업과 관련된 기본적인 경험을 제공하는 프로그램이다. 주요 내용은 미국의 과제중심 진로교육(PLTW)을 소개하고 초ㆍ중ㆍ고등학교 프로그램을 조사함으로써 우리나라 교육과정에 도입, 적용하는 방안을 모색하는데 있다. 이 연구에서 조사된 내용을 종합하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, PLTW는 교육 시스템으로부터 졸업한 공학자와 공학 기술자의 양과 질을 늘이기 위한 공립 초ㆍ중ㆍ고등학교, 단과 대학 및 종합 대학의 고등 교육 기관과 민간 부문 사이의 협력을 맺은 프로그램이다. 둘째, PLTW는 예비공학 프로그램으로 6-12학년(초등학교 6학년~고등학교 3학년) 학생을 위해 공학에 기초 훈련을 제공한다. 이 프로그램은 공학과 공학 기술을 위해 2-4년제 대학이나 공업학교(technical school)에 입학하기 위한 필요한 것으로 학생들에게 제공하는 프로그램이다. 셋째, PLTW는 공학과 공학 기술 프로그램을 추구하여 2-4년제 공과 대학의 학위를 필요로 하는 학생 수를 증가시키고, 성(gender)이나 인종적 태생과 관계없이 배우고자 하는 학문적 자격 있는 학생들에게 공정하게 모든 기회를 제공하여, 미래에 공과 대학이 감소하는 비율이 작아지도록 하는데 필요한 프로그램이다. 넷째, 우리나라도 실업계 및 공과대학 인력 흡인책으로 PLTW와 같은 프로그램을 초ㆍ중ㆍ고등학교 교육과정의 도입을 검토할 필요가 있다고 인식된다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the Program which was made to enhance the national competitive of America through Pre-engineering eduction. PLTW(Project Lead The Way) of America is Pre-engineering Program to prepare engineering of the university, not as a regular school curriculum but as a Program offering basic engineering knowledge and occupation related with essential experience. The main contents of this study were consisted of introduction of PLTW, and to survey the Program of elementary, middle and high school of U. S. A and furthermore using the above results, we try to reasonably find the way to apply the U. S. A PLTW to our schooling system The main findings of this research were as follows: l) PLTW is the Program forming partnerships among Public schools, higher education institutions and the private sector to increase the quantity and quality of engineers and engineering technologists graduating from education system. 2) PLTW as Pre-engineering Provides basic training of engineering for 6-12 grade student(i.e., 6th grade of elementary school- 3rd grade of high school in Korea). This Program was made to give opportunity to the students who wish to enter to two-and four-year college or technical school. 3) PLTW was made to increase the number of students who wish to earn bachelor or associate bachelor of engineering, to fairly give equal opportunity to all the students regardless of gender and race who wish to study engineering field in the future, and then to make the rate of reduction of the application for engineering colleges less than before. 4) PLTW is also required for the our schooling systems in order to increase the application and technical high schools and engineering college in Korea.

감마선조사 닭고기의 미생물학적 및 유전독성학적 안전성 평가

곽희진,정차권,강일준 한국조리과학회 2001 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.17 No.6

Gamma irradiation (1-10 kGy) was applied to chicken for the evaluation of their microbiological safety and possible genotoxicity. In 3 kGy-irradiated sample, the growth of psychrophile was inhibited about 1.5 log cycles and no cells were recovered in total microbial counts. All kinds of contaminated microorganism were sterilized by 7 kGy-irradiation. Also, irradiation followed by freeze-storage at the same time was very effective in inhibiting bacterial growth. The genotoxicity of 10 kGy-irradiated chicken was evaluated by Salmonella Typhimurium reversion assay and in vivo micronucleus assay using mouse bone marrow cells. The results were negative in the bacterial reversion assay with S. Typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1539. Clastogenic effects were not shown in vivo mouse micronucleus assay at 10 kGy-dose tested.

서해 태안반도 연안에서 오터트롤에 채집된 저서생물의 종조성 및 계절변동

정경숙 ( Gyeong Suk Jeong ),차병열 ( Byung Yeul Cha ),임양재 ( Yang Jae Im ),권대현 ( Dae Hyeon Kwon ),황학진 ( Hak Jin Hwang ),조현수 ( Hyun Su Jo ) 한국수산과학회 2014 한국수산과학회지 Vol.47 No.3

To investigate specie composition and seasonal variation of demersal organisms in the coastal waters off the Taean peninsula, otter trawl surveys were conducted from April 2010 to January 2011. A total of 75 species were collected including 44 species of Pisces, 19 species of Crustacea, 6 species of Cephalopoda, 4 species of Gastropoda, and I spe-cies each of Bivalvia and Echinoidea. The dominant species in each season were Palaemon gravieri in spring, Cha-rybdis bimaculata in summer, Loligo japonica in autumn, and Crangon hakodatei in winter. The number of species, individuals and biomass were highest in autumn and lowest in winter. The diversity index was highest in summer and lowest in winter. The dominance index was highest in winter and lowest in summer. The richness index was highest in autumn and lowest in winter. The evenness index was highest in summer and lowest in autumn. A cluster analysis showed that demersal organisms were divided into two groups; spring and winter organisms (Group 1) and summer and autumn organisms (Group 2). We detected a significant difference (P<0.05) between these groups, mainly owing to Platycephalus indicus, Repomucenus koreanus, and Paralichthys olivaceus within Pisces: Trachysalambria curvi-rostris, Metapenaeopsis dalei, P. gravieri and C. hakodatei within Crustacea: and L. japonica within Cephalopoda.

데이터 유출 탐지를 위한 이상 행위 탐지 방법의 비교 및 분석

임원기(Wongi Lim),권구형(Koohyung Kwon1),김정재,이종언(Jong-Eon Lee),차시호(Si-Ho Cha) 한국산학기술학회 2016 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.17 No.9

군사 비밀이나 조직의 기밀 데이터는 그 조직의 매우 중요한 자원이며 외부로부터의 접근이 차단되어야 한다. 그러나 최근 인터넷의 접근성이 높아짐으로써 보안이 중요한 이슈로 부상하고 있다. 이를 위해 네트워크 내부에 대한 공격이나 침입 행위를 탐지하는 이상 행위 탐지 방법이 제안되었다. 그러나 대부분의 이상 행위 탐지는 외부로부터의 침입에 대한 측면만 다루고 있으며, 공격이나 침입보다 더 큰 피해를 입히는 내부 데이터의 유출에 대해서는 다루고 있지 않다. 또한 기존의 이상 행위 탐지 방법을 데이터 유출 탐지에 적용할 경우 네트워크 내부의 환경과 여러 가지 변수들이 고려되어 있지 않기 때문에 많은 문제점들이 발생한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 데이터 유출 탐지를 위한 이상 행위 탐지(Data Exfiltrating Detection for Anomaly Detection : DEDfAD) 방법의 정확도 향상을 위하여 DEDfAD에서 고려되어야 하는 이슈 사항들에 대하여 기술하고, 프로파일 기반의 탐지 방법과 머신러닝 기반의 탐지 방법으로 분류하여 이들의 장단점을 분석한다. 또한 분류된 접근 방법을 중심으로 이슈들과의 비교분석을 통해 향후 연구 방향을 제시한다. Military secrets or confidential data of any organization are extremely important assets. They must be discluded from outside. To do this, methods for detecting anomalous attacks and intrusions inside the network have been proposed. However, most anomaly-detection methods only cover aspects of intrusion from outside and do not deal with internal leakage of data, inflicting greater damage than intrusions and attacks from outside. In addition, applying conventional anomaly-detection methods to data exfiltration creates many problems, because the methods do not consider a number of variables or the internal network environment. In this paper, we describe issues considered in data exfiltration detection for anomaly detection (DEDfAD) to improve the accuracy of the methods, classify the methods as profile-based detection or machine learning-based detection, and analyze their advantages and disadvantages. We also suggest future research challenges through comparative analysis of the issues with classification of the detection methods.