Comparison of the shaping ability of novel thermally treated reciprocating instruments

Cangül Keskin 대한치과보존학회 2018 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.43 No.2

Objectives The present study aimed to evaluate the shaping ability of 2 thermally treated nickel-titanium reciprocating systems in simulated curved canals. Materials and Methods Forty simulated canals were prepared to apical size 25 using Reciproc Blue R25 (VDW) and WaveOne Gold Primary (Dentsply Sirona) instruments. Standard pre- and post-preparation images were taken and superimposed. The removal of resin material was measured at 5 standard points: the canal orifice, halfway between the canal orifice and the beginning of the curve, the beginning of the curve, the apex of the curve, and the end-point of the simulated canal. The data were analysed using the independent sample t-test with a 5% significance threshold. Results The canals in which Reciproc Blue R25 was used showed a significantly greater widening than those in which WaveOne Gold was used at 4 of the 5 measurement points (p < 0.05). The Reciproc Blue R25 instrument removed significantly more resin from the inner aspect of the curve at 2 of the 5 points and similar amounts at the remaining 3 points. At the 2 apical points, there was no significant difference between the Reciproc Blue R25 and WaveOne Gold Primary instruments. Conclusion Both instruments respected the original canal anatomy; however, WaveOne Gold resulted in a more conservative shape with less transportation.

PP/ZrO₂스펀본드 부직포의 웹특성에 대한 방사조건의 영향

전재완,주창환,김동철 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1998 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.13 No.2

Icotactic polypropylene as the polymer matrix and ZrO₂(zirconium dioxide) as the additive were used to prepare PP/ZrO₂mixtures. From three different mixtures, the PP and PP/ZrO₂spunbond nonwovens were produced by suing the modified melt spinning system in our laboratory with different operating conditions, i.e., spinning temperature, auxiliary pressure and polymer throughput. In order to evaluate the effect of processing conditions on the spunbond nonwovens, the tensile properties, density and web weight of the PP and PP/ZrO₂spunbond nonwovens were investigated. The final diameters of PP and PP/ZrO₂fibers were examined to establish the optimum processing condition with respect to web properties. The results obtained in this study are as follows: (i) Final diameters of PP and PP/ZrO₂fibers in the spunbond nonwoven decreased up to about 70% with increasing the spinning temperature from 200℃ to 230℃. (ii) As the auxiliary air pressure increased up to 4kg/㎠, the breaking stress of PP and PP/ZrO₂ spunbond nonwovens increased. (iii) The density of PP and PP/ZrO₂spunbond nonwovens decreased as the throughput increased up to 1.05g/min/hole.

시설경비업무 수행 방법에 관한 고찰

김태민,권창기 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.6

The Act of Service Security Business was established in 1976, which has become current 『Act of Security Business』. Based on this systematic support, domestic private security companies has steadily grown and amounts to 2,051' places as of December 31, 2002. This study mainly focused on addressing the installation security business managed by authorized companies, which amount to 96% of total 2,051 domestic security companies. Furthermore, the study intends to facilitate every domestic academic circle or department in security guard to understand any procedure and methods for private security business along with better academic development. For mission practice of private security guards, this study first presented the ways to do basic mission practices in charge of security guards. Their basic missions included the followings: Rotational duty of security guards, mission practices in each post, patrol or a round of inspection, admission or exit control, countermeasures against each accident or disaster, arrest of present criminals, other security activities and so forth.

古時調 詩語 시소러스 개발

우응순,권순회,한창훈 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2002 民族文化硏究 Vol.37 No.-

본 논문의 목표는 고시조의 정보 처리를 위한 방법론을 탐구하고, 실제 정보 검색에 쓰일 수 있는 <古詩調 詩語 시소러스>를 개발하여 한국학 문헌 자료의 정보화 및 그 활용을 극대화하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 기초 방법론 연구를 수행하고 이에 기반하여 디스크립터 2,000항목 규모의 시소러스를 구축하였다. 먼저 기초 방법론 연구에서는 시소러스의 목표 및 적용 대상의 범위, 용어간의 관계 정의, 고시조 용어 분류·코드 체계 설계를 수행하였다. 시소러스 구축의 목표는 전문적인 고시조 자료 검색에 유용한 학술용 시소러스 구축에 두고 고전시가 전반으로의 확장성을 고려하였다. 적용 대상의 범위는 15세기부터 20세기 초까지 창작된 고시조 원문 텍스트 및 여기에 부수된 서지, 작가, 서발, 음악 정보로 규정하였다. 용어간의 관계 정의에서는 국제표준화기구 기술위원회(ISO/TC)의 '단일언어 시소러스 제정 및 개발 지침(ISO 2788)'을 기준으로 고시조의 특성을 반영하여 등가 관계, 계층 관계, 연관 관계에 대한 개념을 규정 하였다. 이에 근거하여 디스크립터(우선어) 및 비우선어 선정의 원칙, 상위어 및 하위어, 관련어 선정의 원칙을 제시하였다. 용어 분류 체계는 계층형 시소러스의 기본 구조라 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 ①문학 관련 시소러스의 특징에 맞게 이미지나 관념 등을 효율적으로 분류할 수 있는 체계를 마련하고, ②개념형 분류 체계(Ontology)를 중심으로 고시조 전문 연구자들의 관심과 지식 체계를 반영함으로써 전공자 수준의 이용가치를 증대시키고, ③고시조 어휘의 분야별·영역별 분류방식의 표준적 준거로 활용할 수 있으며, ④고전 문학이나 한국학 일반의 시소러스와의 호환성을 고려하여 고시조 용어분류 체계를 설계하였다. 먼저 개념형 분류 체계 방식에 의거하여 대분류 항목을 '1. 時間', '2. 空間', '3. 人物', '4. 事物', '5. 觀念', '6. 事件', '7. 言語'로 구분하고, 고시조의 주제적 특성을 반영하여 중분류 및 소분류 항목을 설정하였다. 그리하여 최종적으로 82개의 하위노드를 가진 <고시조 용어분류·코드>를 설계하였다. 이상과 같은 기초 연구를 기반으로 2,000항목 규모의 시소러스를 구축하였다. 데이터베이스로 구축된 고시조 5,180수 및 주요 가집 13종에 수록된 7,183수(중출 작품 포함)를 대상으로 어절 단위의어휘를 추출한 후, 이를 기반으로 기초 어휘를 수집하고 유의어 및 동의어를 군집화하였다. 이어 동음이의어나 동형이의어, 복합어 등에 대한 어휘 통제를 거쳐 시소러스의 기반이 되는 어휘데이터베이스(Lexical DB)를 구축하였다. 이를 기반으로 우선 지시형 시소러스와 계층형 시소러스를 구축하였다. 우선어(USE) 선정은 동의어 가운데 통용성이 가장 높다고 판단되고, 언어적 인지도 및 활용성 면에서 다른 것보다 우월하며, 의미 표현이 고시조 분야의 의미로 한정될 수 있는 것을 우선적으로 선택하였다. 또한 어휘 통제 및 검증을 필수적으로 거친 용어를 우선하였다. 한편 관계형 시소러스는 극히 제한된 범위에서 실험적으로 구현하였다. 비우선어(UF)의 경우 고시조가 가창된 특성을 반영하여 訛字를 포함한 모든 이형 표기를 포함하였다. 유사동의어는 사안에 따라 비우선어로 처리하였다. 상위어(BT)와 하위어(NT)는 고시조 어휘의 범위하에서 선정하고 다중 계층 관계를 설정하지 않았다. 따라서 상위어는 1개로 한정하였다. 한편 관계형 시소러스는 극히 제한된 범위에서 실험적으로 구축되었다. This paper aims at seeking after a methodology to process information in classic Shijo and magnifying the informationalization and application of the philological data in Korean Studies by developing a thesaurus of poetic dictions. For this, I carried out a basic study of the methodology and constructed a thesaurus of 2,000 item size on the basis of this. First of all, in the study of basic methodology, I embodied the purpose and the application range of objects, the definition of the relation between terms, the classification of classic Shijo terms and the design of the code system. The purpose lies in construction of thesaurus which could be useful in searching classic Shijo data for the professional and includes the possibility to be extended to the whole of classic poems and songs. The application range of objects is restricted to the original texts which were created between the 15th century and the beginning of the 20th century, and additional information as bibliography, author, prefaces and postscripts, and music. The definition of the relation between terms includes equivalence relation, hierarchical relation and associative relation following 'Guidelines for the establishment and development of monolingual thesauri(ISO 2788)' and considering the characteristics of classic Shijo. And on the basis of this, I suggested a principle of selecting descriptors(preferred terms) and non-descriptors, and a principle of selecting hypernyms, hyponyms and related terms. A classificational system of terms can also be regarded as a basic structure of hierarchical thesauri. In this reserch, it is designed ①to provide a system for efficient classification of images and concepts, which is adequate to the characteristics of the literature related thesaurus, ②to amplify the utility value to the speciality level, by mirroring the interests and knowledge system of the professional classic Shijo researchers, and ③to be applied as a standard of methods in classifying vocabularies of classic Shijo by fields or domains. While dong this, I also considered the convertibility of it into classic literature or Korean Studies. Firstly I distinguished seven major classes, i.e. 1. TIME, 2. SPACE, 3. HUMAN, 4. THING, 5. NOTION, 6. EVENT, 7. SPEECH according to the method of ontology, and then separated middle and lower ones mirroring thematic characteristics of classic Shijo. Thus, I produced <Table of term classification and codes in classic Shijo> in the end. The 2000 item thesaurus I mentioned above was constructed observing the criteria in this table. After extracting word unit vocabulary from 5,180 classic Shijos which were constructed in the database and 7,183 which were in 13 major song books(including overlaps), collected basic vocabulary from them and grouped synonyms including pseudo-synonyms. Then, I constructed a leical DB controlling homophones, homographs and compunds. On the basis of this result, I constructed an indexed thesaurus and a hierarchical thesaurus. The selecting of USE was carried out considering the height of currency, the degree of linguistic recognition, the applicative superiority and the domain specificity in classic Shijo. In addition, the vocabulary passed lexical control and evaluation were preferred. UF includes all the allomorphs including even wrong characters. Pseudo-synonyms were treated as UF, case by case. BT and NT were selected within the domain of classic Shijo and I did not give them any hierarchy. So, BT was restricted to one item. On the other hand, I gave body to a relational thesaurus experimentally within a small amount limit.

4-Nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside의 加水分解에 대한 Trimaine-copper(Ⅱ)-imidazolate 錯化合物의 觸媒 效果에 關한 硏究

노재근,홍순영,고상연,김창석 漢陽大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1994 基礎科學論文集 Vol.13 No.-

Triamine이 tridentate ligand를 형성하는 몇가지 triamine-copper(Ⅱ)-imidazolate complex들을 합성하여 이 complex들의 촉매작용을 4-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside의 가수분해에 대하여 UV spectrophotometric method로 조사하였다. 이 complex들은 imidazole이나 imidazolate자체에 비해서 비교적 좋은 촉매 효과를 나타내었다. 4-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside의 가수분해 반응속도는 반응 매체의 pH가 증가할 수록 또한 촉매의 농도가 커질수록 증가하였다. Triamine-copper(Ⅱ)-imidazolate complex는 imidazole 그 자체에 비하여 1.99∼2.84배의 비교적 큰 촉매효과를 나타내었다. 또한 imidazole 및 triamine-copper(Ⅱ)-imidazolate complex의 촉매효과는 imidazole ring의 전자 주는 기에 의해서 증가하고, 전자 끄는 기에 의해서는 감소하였다. Triamine-copper(Ⅱ)-imidazolate-complex는 triamine이 copper(Ⅱ)와 6-membered ring을 이룰 때 보다 5-membered ring을 이룰 때가 촉매 효과가 약간 향상되는 것으로 보아 이 구조로 형성된 complex가 보다 안정한 구조를 하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 4-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside의 구조가 acetal의 구조를 가짐에도 불구하고 일반적인 acetal과는 달리 높은 pH에서 가수분해 반응이 더 잘 진행되었으며 이 현상은 설명할 수 있는 반응 메카니즘을 제시하였다. Several triamine-copper(Ⅱ)-imidazolate complexes in which triamine serves as a tridentate ligand were synthesized. Catalytic action of these complexes for the gydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside were observed by a UV spectrophotometric method. These complexes showed a marked catalytic action enhacing the hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside in comparison with imidazole or imidazolate alone. It was observed that the higher the pH and the concentration of catalyst, the faster the rate of hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside, and triamine-copper(Ⅱ)-imidazolate complex showed 1.99-2.84 times bigger catalytic effect than imidazole. The catalytic effects of imidazole and triamine-copper(Ⅱ)-imidazolate complex were increased by an electron releasing substituent, meanwhile decreased by an electron-withdrawing substituent of imidazole ring. The triamine-copper(Ⅱ)-imidazolate which composed of two fused five-membered rings showed slightly more effective catalytic action than composed of one fused five-membered ring and one fused six-membered ring. This fact implies that the Cu(Ⅱ) complex containing tridentate ligand of five-membered ring is more stable than the complex containing tridentate ligand of six-membered ring. In contrast with a general acetal molecule, 4-nitorphenyl-x-D-glucopyranoside was readily hydorlyzed at high pH reaction media. A plausible mechanism for this observation is proposed.

The number of representations of positive integers by positive quadratic forms

A. Tekcan,O. Bizim,I. Cangül 장전수학회 2006 Proceedings of the Jangjeon mathematical society Vol.9 No.2

In this paper, we consider the number of representations of pos- itive integers by direct sum of binary quadratic forms F1(x1; y1) = x2 1 + 3x1x2 + 8x2 2 and G1(x1; y1) = 2x2 1 + 3x1x2 + 4x2 2 of discriminant ¡23. We derived some results concerning the modular forms }(¿; Q; 'rs) and their or- ders ord (}(¿; Q; 'rs); i1; ¡0(23)), where Q (Q = F2;G2; F1 ©G1; direct sum of F1 and G1) is the positive de¯nite quadratic form and 'rs is the spherical function of second order with respect to Q. We constructed a basis for the cusp form space S4(¡0(23); 1), and then we obtained some formulas for the number of representations of positive integer n by positive de¯nite quadratic forms F4;G4; F3 © G1; F2 © G2 and F1 © G3 using the elements of the space S4(¡0(23); 1).

A method for finding normal subgroups of Hecke groups

Hasan Basri Özdemir,Musa Demirci,Ismail Naci Cangül 장전수학회 2006 Proceedings of the Jangjeon mathematical society Vol.9 No.1

Hecke groups, being discrete groups, play an important role in abstract group theory and number theory. Their normal subgroups are studied in [2]: Here, using a result of D. Singerman [7]; we deduce a method of …nding normal subgroups of all Hecke groups. This method helps us to obtain the signature of these subgroups, and their abstract group structure can be obtained from this by means of the results in [1]: As a result, the abstract group structure of normal subgroups of Hecke groups corresponding to cyclic and dihedral quotients is obtained.1

One relator quotients of the extended modular group

S. Ikikardes,Ö. Koruoglu,R. Sahin,I. N. Cangül 장전수학회 2008 Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics Vol.17 No.2

In this paper, we obtain one relator quotients of the extended modular group by adding an extra relation to the existing two relations. Then, we show that some of one-relator quotients of ┍ are M-groups.

The Review of Sea Level Changes of Yellow Sea

Cang Shuxi,Li Tiegang,Dong Tailu 인하대학교 해양과학기술연구소 1997 黃海硏究 Vol.7 No.12

TMEM175 Is an Organelle K⁺ Channel Regulating Lysosomal Function

Cang, C.,Aranda, K.,Seo, Y.j.,Gasnier, B.,Ren, D. Cell Press ; MIT Press 2015 Cell Vol.162 No.5

Potassium is the most abundant ion to face both plasma and organelle membranes. Extensive research over the past seven decades has characterized how K<SUP>+</SUP> permeates the plasma membrane to control fundamental processes such as secretion, neuronal communication, and heartbeat. However, how K<SUP>+</SUP> permeates organelles such as lysosomes and endosomes is unknown. Here, we directly recorded organelle K<SUP>+</SUP> conductance and discovered a major K<SUP>+</SUP>-selective channel K<SUB>EL</SUB> on endosomes and lysosomes. K<SUB>EL</SUB> is formed by TMEM175, a protein with unknown function. Unlike any of the ~80 plasma membrane K<SUP>+</SUP> channels, TMEM175 has two repeats of 6-transmembrane-spanning segments and has no GYG K<SUP>+</SUP> channel sequence signature-containing, pore-forming P loop. Lysosomes lacking TMEM175 exhibit no K<SUP>+</SUP> conductance, have a markedly depolarized ΔΨ and little sensitivity to changes in [K<SUP>+</SUP>], and have compromised luminal pH stability and abnormal fusion with autophagosomes during autophagy. Thus, TMEM175 comprises a K<SUP>+</SUP> channel that underlies the molecular mechanism of lysosomal K<SUP>+</SUP> permeability.