http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
변정일 건국대학교 1994 대학원 학술논문집 Vol.38 No.-
In the Republic of Korea, with the start of the sixth Republic in 1988, the Constitutional Court was established as a key part of the Constitutional system, The new Constitution, based on the Korean people's deep enthusiasm for democracy, adopted a new judicial review system - the Constitutional Court - to safeguard the Constitution and to protect the people's fundamental rights. The Constitutional Court has jurisdiction over Constitutional Petitions. Under the Constitutional Court Act, any person who alleges that his fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution have been infringed through exercise or non-exercise of public power can petition for relief or remedy to the Constitutional Court. Further, any party to a court proceeding whose request for referral to the Constitutional Court for judgement on the Constitutionality of a law was rejected by the court of original jurisdiction can have recourse to the Constitutional Court to get a final and proper judgement on the constitutionality of the law Constitutional Petitions are now regarded as a double functional instrument to protect fundamental rights and to safeguard the Constitution and called the essence of the Constitutional judgement system. As the object of Constitutional Petitions, "Public power" includes all kinds of lawmaking:the regulation of Supreme Court and National Assembly, and the order of the Executive.
Honeybee (Apis cerana) Collapse in Korea by Sacbrood Virus
Yong Soo Choi,Ha Sik Sim,Hye Kyung Kim,Gyu Ho Byuon,Tran van Toan,Myeong Lyeol Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2014 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.10
South Korea has over 38 millions of managed honey bee (Apis cerana) colonies before 2009 years ago, which produce the highest quantity of honey in the Korea; however, almost colony (99%) were collapsed by Korean Sacbrood Virus (KSBV) in South Korea. Korean Sacbrood Virus (KSBV) is the pathogen of A. cerana Sacbrood disease, which poses a serious threat to honeybee A. cerana, and tends to cause bee colony and even the whole apiary collapse. Colony collapse of A. cerana was first reported on the Pyeong-Chang of the South Korea in 2009. Symptoms of KSBV include the rapid transmission of larval stage honeybees (A. cerana), many dead larvae found in the bottom of hive and comb. Honeybees (A. cerana) are a very important species because they provide a number of pollination services for various ecosystems in some provinces (ex. jeon-nam, jeon-buk province). They are also extremely important organisms within human society, both agriculturally and economically. The fact that a direct cause has been determined suggests that colony collapse is a complex problem with a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors. Possible instigators of colony collapse include: wax moth, viral and fungal diseases, increased population, decreased genetic diversity, climate changing and a variety of other factors. The interaction among these potential causes may be resulting in immunity loss for honeybees and the increased likelihood of collapse.
용성산인(龍城山人) 이창원(李昌遠)의 사상학설(四象學說)과 체질침(體質鍼)에 대한 고찰(考察)
안창범,윤현민,허재영,권혜연,Ahn, Chang-beohm,Youn, Byuon-Min,Hea, Jae-young,Kwon, Hae-Yon 대한침구의학회 2002 대한침구의학회지 Vol.19 No.1
Objective : This study was carried out to review Chang-Won Lee's theory of Sasangand acupuncture of constitution. Methods : We have investigated Chang-Won Lee's unknown literature "Medicine of sassang "(四象醫學). Results : Constitutional acupuncture is based on the diversity of human being and medically developed the response variation to disease and acupuncture. The diversity is due to the Organ's Congenital Formation Variation based on human nature and it is categorized as four from physiology, pathology, symptoms, to therapy. Chang-Won Lee's constitutional acupuncture discriminated constitution of comparison palpations of right and left both sides. He insisted that constitution only four type(Sasang), not exist man of To-Hyoung (土形人) in "young -chu"(靈樞) and his constitutional acupuncture all used Jung-kyuck (reinforcement acupuncture method) and Seong-kyuck(reducing acupuncture method) of Sa-am(舍岩)
Yong Soo Choi,Ha Sik Sim,Hye Kyung Kim,Gyu Ho Byuon,Tran van Toan,Myeong Lyeol Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2014 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.10
Several Mites are currently the most serious threat to the world bee industry. The ectoparasitic honey bee mites was originally confined to the Asian honey bee(Apis cerana etc.). Varroa destructor and Tropilaelaps clareae has plagued European honey bees, Apis mellifera. Differences in mite tolerance are reported between two honey bee species A. mellifera and A. cerana. We were amplified antimicrobial peptide cDNA genes (Defencin, Abaecin, Royalisin, Apidaecin and Hymenoptaecin) by RT-PCR. We explored the transcriptional response to mite parasitism in A. mellifera 4th instars larvae which differ in susceptibility to V. destructor and T. clareae, comparing parasitized and non-parasitized 4th instars larvae (worker and Drone) from same hive. Differential gene expression of worker bees and Drone bees induced by mites (V. destructor and T. clareae) infection was investigated by northern blot. Mites (V. destructor and T. clareae) parasitism caused changes in the expression of genes related to sex distinction. Bees tolerant to mites (V. destructor and T. clareae) were mainly characterized by differences in the expression of genes regulating antimicrobial gene expression. It provides a first step toward better understanding molecular expression involved in this differential sex distinction host-parasite relationship. We were detected bee virus in A. mellifera, comparing parasitized and non-parasitized 4th instars larvae (worker and Drone). Therefore, this result was demonstrated that mites were another possible route of horizontal transmission, as several viruses were detected in mites and their hosts.
Yong-Soo Choi,Man-Young Lee,In-Pyo Hong,Sun-ok Woo,Ha-Sik Sim,Gyu-Ho Byuon,Dae-Hong Min,Myeong-Lyeol Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.10
Chungbuk province has number of management honey bee(Apis cerana) colonies. A. cerana produce honey, and are pollinators with in agricultural crops and natural environmental ecosystems. Korean Sacbrood Virus(SBV) causes colony collapses of A. cerana Feb. in Korean apiaries from 2009 years. It causes a fatal disease(sacbrood) of honeybee larvae, which fail to pupate, change color and shape, and finally die. We thus conducted a molecular survey of honey bee RNA viruses, Nosema microsporidia, Foul broods and fungal disease(Chalk brood and Stone brood) associated with environmental conditions in apiaries and differential type(Traditional and Modern) of A. cerana hives in Chungbuk province. We found the presence of Israel Acute Paralysis Virus(IAPV), Nosema apis, and Sacbrood virus(SBV) was detected in the tested samples. IAPV were detected from mordern hive. Nosema apis, and Sacbrood virus(SBV) was detected from traditional hives. Our results demonstrate that honey bee RNA viruse(SBV) and N. apis are present in Traditional hives. It can suggest SBV and other disease might be related environment conditions(Type of hives).
김성종,장경환,변윤섭,진영철,정경락 ( S . J . Kim,G . H . Chang,Y . S . Byuon,Y . C . Jin,G . R . Jheong ) 한국열처리공학회 1993 熱處理工學會誌 Vol.6 No.4
The preparation of TiO₂fine particles from TiCl₄and oxygen by the vapor-phasereaction was investigated at 850℃ with an emphasis on the effect of its experimental conditions on the crystal type of the products. Anatase TiO₂particles prepared by experiment were used to study anatase-rutile transition by calcination temperature, the additives and gas atmosphere. The results were as follows. The kinetics of anatase-ruble transition was well agreed with Avrami equation, and the activation energy of transition was 35㎉/㏖. The addition of CuO in anatase TiO₂particles accelerated the anatase-ruble transition, and its transition was retarded in vaccum.
Ovarioles of Queens and Laying Workers of Apis cerana
Yong-Soo Choi,Man-Young Lee,In-Pyo Hong,Sun-ok Woo,Ha-Sik Sim,Gyu-Ho Byuon,Ratna Thapa,Myeong-Lyeol Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.10
Ovarioles are smooth, gradually widening white tubes with different stages of eggs. The ovarioles were gently removed, and the right and left ovarioles were separated and counted the ovarioles. We observed that the ovaries of laying queens were extended from second abdominal up to fourth abdominal segments. Each ovariole is supplied with tracheae. The tracheae are auriferous types characterized by coating spiracle tubules with permeable cuticle, which may bring the tracheal air into close contact with haemolymph.