GIS를 이용한 2차원 수치모형의 자연하천 적용

김병현 ( Byung Hyun Kim ),한건연 ( Kun Yeon Han ) 한국지리정보학회 2009 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.12 No.3

현재까지 개발되고 있는 대부분의 유한체적모형은 가상하도 및 실험하도와 같은 단순하도에 적용하여 흐름율과 생성항의 균형문제를 해결하기 위한 여러 가지 노력들이 있어 왔다. 하지만, 실제 자연하천에서의 적용에서는 단순하도에서의 적용에서 나타나지 않았던 여러 가지 문제점들이 발생하며, 이러한 문제점들을 수치적으로 해결하여야 비로소 자연하천에서의 적용이 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 자연하천에 적용가능한 2차원 유한체적모형을 개발하여 2차원 부분적 댐 붕괴에 적용하여 개발모형의 정확성을 검증하고, 한강의 측량단면을 GIS를 이용하여 2차원 격자에 정확하게 반영할 수 있는 간단하고 효율적인 2차원 격자생성기법을 제안하였다. 그리고 제안된 기법으로 생성된 2차원 격자로 한강에 대한 흐름모의를 수행하고 계산수위와 실측수위를 비교하여 자연하천에 대한 개발모형의 정확성 및 적용성을 입증하였다. A lot of efforts have been made to resolve balancing problems between flux and source term and most finite volume models under development have been applied to simple channels such as imaginary and experimental channels. However, a number of numerical problems which can not be found in simple channels occur in the application to natural rivers and the problems should be resolved to apply finite volume models to natural rivers. In this study, 2D finite volume model which is applicable to natural rivers was developed and the accuracy of the developed model was validated through the application of partial dam break In addition, a simple and efficient 2D mesh generation method was suggested and the method can be accurately reflected to 2D mesh converted from surveyed cross sections in Han-river using GIS. The accuracy and applicability of the developed model on natural rivers were verified by performing simulation on Han-river using the generated mesh and comparing computed water elevation with measured water elevation.

병원단위의 임상진료지침 개발과정

신영수,김창엽,오병희,한규섭,윤병우,한준구,강영호 한국의료QA학회 1997 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.4 No.1

Background : With increased concerns about variation among physician a practice pattern and their impact on the quality of care, clinical practice guidelines have been developed by many different organizations, with differing aims and incentives. From the same point of view, there is growing interest in the development of clinical practice guidelines in Korea, but with only a few examples. As a result, there is not much exploration on the incentive and barrier to development guidelines as well as description on the development process. The purposes of this study are to describe the process of the four different clinical practice guidelines in a hospital setting, and to identify incentives and barriers in the development of guidelines. Methods : For this research, a clinical practice guideline development committee and four clinical practice guideline development teams were organized in a university hospital which has more than 1,200 beds. Twenty eight doctors, three nurses, and one technician participated as members of development teams for eight months. Four to six meetings were held, and three to seven departments in the hospital were involved. Results : The topics which developed into clinical practice guidelines were cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR), blood transfusion, anticoagulation, and angiography. The main goals set by teams were education(CPR, angiography), risk management(blood transfusion), and to enhance quality of care(anticoagulation). Among four teams, only in the team for anticoagulation guideline medical record review and pilot-testing were performed. Also literature review was not carried out systematically. However, all the guidelines were developed by multidisciplinary participation by personnels of related departments. All the team expected guidelines to be used as standard protocols in the practice. Conclusion : Experience and skill in developing process has to be improved to have a more valid and useful practice guideline. In particular, literature review and problem identification by examining medical record should be emphasized. Also further studies of the clinical outcomes of the guidelines application and changes in physicians behaviors would be required.

Algal bioassay 에 의한 조류생장 제한영양염류 결정

오희목(Hee Mock Oh),이석준(Seog June Lee),김성빈(Seong Bin Kim),박미경(Mi Kyung Park),윤병대(Byung Dae Yoon),김도한(Do Han Kim) 한국하천호수학회 1998 생태와 환경 Vol.31 No.2

Determination of Limiting Nutrient for Algal Growth by Algal Bioassay. Oh, Hee-Mock, Seog June Lee, Seong-Bin Kim, Mi- Kyung Park, Byung-Dae Yoon and Do-Han Kim (Environmental Microbiology Research Unit, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Taejon 305-333, Korea and Water Resources Research Institute, Korea Water Resources Corporation, Taejon 305-390, Korea) Water quaiity and algal growth potential (AGP) using Microcystis aeruginosa were investigated from April to September 1997 in Daechung Reservoir. Secchi disk transparency was 1.1 m in August. Chlorophyll-a concentrations were higher than 10㎍/l at all samples. Total phosphorus concentration was in a range of 0.020∼0.027mg/l which is at the approximate value of 0.03 mg/l, the general critical level of eutrophication. These results indicate that Daechung Reservoir is in an eutrophic state except some temporary times and restricted sites. Phosphorus uptake rate of M. aeruginosa was higher in the water from the epilimnion than in the hypolimnion and also higher under light condition than under dark condition. Therefore, phosphorus uptake rate appears to depend on cellular phosphorous content and light condition, a meaning of endergonic process. Phosphorus was the most frequently limiting nutrient: phosphorus was limiting algal gowth in April and May, nitrogen, phosphorus and trace elements were the limiting factors for algae in August, and trace elements in September. If a fast growing alga, M, aeruginosa, is used as a test organism for assaying AGP, in vivo fluorescence instead of dry weight can be measured for algal biomass and incubation period can be reduced from traditional 14 days to 7 days.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

니트섬유강화 복합재료의 기계적 성질에 관한 연구

한길영,이동기,최병기,오환교,신용욱,전수영 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 1999 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.21 No.2

Using conventional textile techniques such as weaving, braiding, knitting and stitching it is possible to produce a wide range two and three dimensional fiber preforms. However, so far only a limited attention has been given to knitted fabrics in composite industry. This is mainly due to the opinion that knitted fabric reinforced composites posses low mechanical properties owing to their looped fiber architecture. But it is possible to obtain desired mechanical properties by selecting proper knitted fabric structure. In this paper, tensile failure load and displacement of one yarn, four yarns and knitted fabrics of ten yarns of kevlar fiber were determined experimentally in the unidirection. Mechanical properties of plain weft knitted fabrics reinforced composite intrusion beam for car side door application were investigated experimentally, which compared with desire value of American Fedral Motor vehicles Safety Standard (FMVSS) and presented the results.

초음파화학, 초음파가 리보스유도체 생성반응에 미치는 영향

한병희,김경만 충남대학교 자연과학연구소 1987 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.14 No.2

The first ultrasound induced transformations of methyl 2,3-0-iso propylidene-β-D-ribofuranoside, methyl 5-0-acetyl-2,3-0-isopropylidine-β-D-ribofuranoside, methyl, 1,5-di-0-acetyl-2,3-0-isopropylidine-β-D-ribofrnaose, 1,2,3,4-tetra-0-acetyl-β-D-ribofuranose and other derivatives were studied versus those reactions with stirring conditions. We found that ultrasonic irradiation on homogeneous carbohydrate transformation were useful not only stimulation of the reaction rate but also improved yields.

전기자극 스트레스 또는 심리갈등 스트레스가 흰쥐 비장 임파구 증식과 Interleukin-2 생산능에 미치는 영향

한상진,김정목,양병환 大韓神經精神醫學會 1992 신경정신의학 Vol.31 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine the relastionship between stress and immunologic function as a possible mechanism of stress and disease process. The authors investigated how the psychological stress induced by avoidance-avoidance conflict model or physical stress of electric shock do impact the immune function, measuring proliferation and interleukin-2(IL-2) production of rat splenic lymphocytes stimulated with various mitogens such as concanavalin-A(Con-A). phytohemagglutinin-M(PHA) and phorbol 12-myristate l?-acetate+calcium inophore A23187(PMA+A23187). In this experiment, female Sprag-Dawley rats were used an subjects. Animals were separated into 4 group according to different stress conditions. Conflict group received psychological conflict stress with electric shock depending on the coping behaviour and Yoked group was not in psychological conflict situation but received as same amount of electric shock as conflict group. Skinner-Box control group was immobilized without electric shock and Home-cage control group had no stress condition. The results are as follows : 1) There is significant difference in lymphocyte proliferation in case of Con-A and PMA+A 23187 between Skinner-Box control group and Yoked group at the high current condition. 2) There is significant difference in IL-2 production in case of PHA and PMA+A23187 between Skinner-Box control group and Yoked group. 3) There is more significant difference in lymphocyte proliferation in case of all of mitogens, Con-A. PHA and PMA+A23187 between Yoked group and Conflict group regardless of high or low current condition. 4) There is significant difference in IL-2 production in case of PMA+A23187 between Yoked group and Conflict group. This results suggest that psychological stress could reduce the immue function more profoundly than physical stress and also means the importance of coping and appraisal in the stress-immunology relationship.

Biphasic반응 조건하에서의 초음파가 Aryl Nitro화합물의 환원반응에 미치는 영향

한병희,백명기 충남대학교 1985 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.12 No.1

Aryl nitro compounds were reduced to the corresponding amino compounds in high yields using sodium hydrosulfite under sonic irradiation.

치과에서 사용되는 필름 현상액에 대한 품질 평가 연구

한미라,강병철 전남대학교 치과대학 1999 전남치대논문집 Vol.11 No.1

The purpose of this study was to compare the qualities of the four different processing chemicals(solutions). With EP 21 films(Ektaspeed plus film, Kodak Co., USA), nine unexposed and nine exposed films of a step wedge were processed utilizing automatic film processor(XR 24, Durr Co., Germany) for 5 days. During 5 days, the total number of processed films including out-patient's intraoral films were about 400-500 for each brand. Base plus fog density, film density, contrast of processed films were measured with densitometer(model 07-443 digital densitometer, Victoreen Co., USA). These measurements were analyzed for comparison. The results were as follows, 1. For the base plus fog density, there was significant difference among the four chemicals(p<0.05). The sequence of the base plus fog densities was in ascending order by Kodak, X-dol 90, Agfa and Konica. 2. For the film density, all chemicals showed useful range of photographic densities(0.25-2.5). The sequence of the film densities was in ascending order by Kodak, X-dol 90, Konica and Agfa. But there was no statistically significant difference of film density between X-dol and Kodak (p<0.05). 3. The sequence of the contrasts was in ascending order by Konica, X-dol 90, Kodak and Agfa. But there was no statistically significant difference of contrast between X-dol and Konica (p<0.05). These results indicated that the four processing chemicals had the clinically useful film density and contrast, but only Kodak processing chemical had useful base plus fog density.

미맹출 유규치에 관한 증례

한연선,최병재,김성오,이종갑 大韓小兒齒科學會 2002 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.29 No.3

치아의 맹출은 치아가 구강내 교합평면에 도달하여 기능적인 위치를 차지할 때까지의 치아 이동 및 골조직 내에서의 발달로 이루어지는 생리학적인 양상으로 이해되어진다. 그러나 치아가 정상적으로 맹출해야 하는 시기를 지나서도 골조직 내에서 맹출하지 않을 수 있으며, 이러한 치아를 매복치라 일컫는다. 이러한 치아 매복의 주된 요인은 국소적인 것으로 악궁내 공간부족, 치아 위치 이상, 과잉치, 맹출 경로의 감염, 낭종 및 안면 외상으로 인한 치배의 영향 등이 있다. 또한 쇄골두개이골증, 골다공증 등의 전신적 그리고 유전적 질환도 맹출 장애와 맹출 지연 등과 관련이 있다. 현재까지 매복치의 대부분은 영구치로 보고되었으며 반면에 유치의 매복에 대한 것은 극히 소수에 불과하고, 매복된 유치의 대다수는 제 2 유구치이다. 유치의 매복은 유착에 의해 이차적으로 생긴 저위교합과는 구별되어야 하며, 유치의 매복에 대한 병인은 유치 치배의 비정상적인 발달로 인해 조기에 유착이 일어나는 것으로 추측되어지고 있으나, 아직까지 정확하게 밝혀진 바는 없다. 유치의 맹출 실패로 나타날 수 있는 문제점으로는 계승 영구치 발달 및 맹출 방해, 낭종 형성이나 감염의 발생 등을 생각해볼 수 있다. 본 증례들은 연세대학교 치과대학병원 소아치과에 내원한 환아의 구강 및 방사선학적 검사에서 유구치의 매복이 관찰되었기에 이에 보고하는 바이다. The term 'impaction' is used to designate a tooth which remains unerupted in the jaw beyond the time at which it should normally be erupted. The main causal factors are local (lack of space, ectopic positions of teeth, supernumerary teeth, cyst, the occurrence of infectious process in the eruption path, traumatic facial injury etc.). Systemic and genetic disorder, however, may have primary failure of eruption and retarded eruption as additional symptoms (cleidocranial dysplasia, osteopetrosis etc.). Most cases of impacted teeth reported in the literature are of permanent teeth. The absence of primary teeth occur rarely whereas impaction of second primary molars is more numerous than all other impactions. Impaction due to primary failure of eruption must be distinguished from the secondary infraocclusion. The eti-ology of impaction of primary teeth is probably related to early ankylosis of primary teeth, but it is not clear. Failure of eruption of primary teeth cause a number of complications, such as interference with develop-ment and eruption of succedaneous teeth, formation of cyst, and damage to adjacent teeth. This study is to report cases of primary failure of eruption in the primary dentition.