정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

고양이 담낭 평활근에서 Cholecystokinin 및 Acetylcholine 유도 수축에 있어서 Calcium 이용 및 세포내 전달 기전에 대한 연구

이언탁,임병용,이원석 부산의대 1991 부산의대잡지 - 부산대학교 의과대학 Vol.31 No.2

Ti-6Al-4Fe-0.5Si 합금에서 Ti-Si 석출과 베타상의 방위관계

최병학,김진우,정희원,현용택,김승언,이용태 대한금속재료학회 2004 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.42 No.1

This study examined the effect of Si addition in (α+β) Ti alloy on the phase stability about the Ti silicide precipitation from b matrix. The changes in the volume fraction and shape of precipitates with different Si contents were correlated with the tensile properties of the present alloys based on the detailed TEM micrographic observation. In Ti-6Al-4Fe-0.5Si alloy, the precipitates with rectangular or round shape were found at inter-grain of α/β interface and intra-grain of β phase. The precipitates were generally known as Ti5Si₃ with enough stabilizing thermo-mechanically. However, in this study, a new type silicide of Ti_(5)Si₄was mostly observed in the as-cast specimens, representing the metastable or unstable state phase thermo-mechanically compared to Ti_(5)Si₃. It was consistent with the phase transformation processes of TiSi₂TiSiTi_(5)Si₄Ti5Si₃ in the ternary alloy system of Ti-Al-Si. The improvement of mechanical properties including high temperature ones was to be induced by the fine precipitation of Ti silicides such as Ti5Si₄ and Ti5Si₃ in the ductile matrix of b phase. The precipitates of Ti_(5)Si₄ (P1) and Ti_(5)Si₃ (P2) have a coherent relationship with bcc β matrix of (200)_(β) //(220)_(P1) //(2111)_(P2) and (011)_(β) //(001)_(P1)//(0110)_(P2).

고정층 활성탄탑에서 페놀류의 흡착

孫晋彦,金達漢,金弘龍,李秉瑄 東亞大學校 大學院 1989 大學院論文集 Vol.14 No.-

Experiments and theoretical analysis of the adsorption of phenols in the fixed bed column packed with activated carbon were performed and following results were obtained. 1. Experimental results shows good agreement with theoretical model on the adsorption of phenols in the fixed bed column. 2. In the adsorption column, particle size has critical effect on the break point compared with flow rate and height of bed. 3. Theoretical model established in this experiment can estimate the optimum values of various factors. 4. Domestic activated carbon has nearly same amount of adsorption as imported activated cabon. 5. Equilibrium relationships and diffusion coefficients from the experiments on the nitrophenols also showed good agreement with those from theoretical model.

Legitimating wrong and shame : Race, possession, and the dissolution of community in go down, moses

정병언 부산대학교 1997 효원 영어영문학 Vol.15 No.1

본 논문은 포크너의 「모세여, 내려가라」에 내재한 미국 백인 문화가 낳은 병적 양상과 이의 극복을 통한 새로운 공동체의 가능성을 분석하고 있다. 무엇보다도 이 작품에 나타난 인종차별주의와 백인의 공간 개념이 어떻게 흑인 지배를 합법화하여 이상적 공동체를 파괴하는 수단이 되는가를 예증하는데 주안점을 둔다. 캐로더즈와 그의 후손들은 피부 색깔을 바탕으로 한 인종적 서열을 정립하고 타자를 자신들보다는 열등한 종족이라는 가정을 기정의 사실로 믿고 이 믿음에 따라 행동한다. 인종적 타자는 열등하여 자신을 대변할 능력이 없기 때문에 백인이 보호·지배를 받아야 한다는 이데올로기가 백인의 의식을 지배하고 있다. 플랜테이션이라는 닫힌 사회에서 일어나는 캐로더즈의 근친상간은 흑인을 소유 가능한 "무생물"임과 동시에 백인의 이기적 욕망을 충족시켜 주는 수단으로 간주하는 데서 비롯된다. 이렇듯 백인이 자의적으로 정의한 "무생물"이나 "열등한 종족"이라는 흑인의 정체성 규정에서 비롯된 차이와 차별의 양상은 흑인과는 식탁이나 침대를 공유하기를 거부함으로써 물리적 거리를 유지하여 인종적 차별화를 영속화하려는 백인의 의도와는 맞물려 있다. 이리하여 공동의 유대를 바탕으로 어릴 적에 쌓였던 흑백간의 신뢰는 인종간의 경쟁으로 변한다. 이 논문은 피부색에 기초하여 형성된 이분법적 사회구조 속에서 행해진 조상의 '과오와 치욕'을 자신들에게 무한한 자부심을 가져다주는 합법적인 행위로 규정하는 백인 지배 이데올로기의 허구성을 드러내고, 그 대안으로 내세울 수 있는 흑인의 사랑에 입각한 새로운 공동체의 가능성이 어떠한 형태로 드러나는가를 분석한다.

『사랑의 바보짓』의 여성공간 : 침묵에서 발화로 The Female Space in Fool for Love

정병언 새한영어영문학회 2004 새한영어영문학 Vol.46 No.2

Offering a layered reading of Sam Shepard's Fool for Love, this essay investigates the politics of space embodied in patriarchical dominance and that of female challenge against it. Instead of attempting to analyze Fool for Love in terms of the relationship between fantasy and reality, this reading confronts the patriarchical strategies for female oppression that are embodied in the facades of real and fantastical sites in terms of spatial division, distance, and place. Although physical space in this play functions as an "emotional signifier," it also works as a means of controlling women in conjunction with the male idea of space. Fool for Love's representation of space foregrounds Eddie and Old Man's politics of space for female oppression, as exemplified both in their creation of the distance between female lovers and in the attempt to contain them within the patriarchical space. This politics of space functions as a strategy for perpetuating male dominance over women by framing their specific images. Old Man's daughter and Eddie's sister and lover, May, attempts to deconstruct their concept of space by pointing out the falsity of their masculine discourse. While exposing the mechanism of patriarchical dominance, this reading therefore explores May's "talking back" as a positive activity for freedom in which she can be reborn as an autonomous subject, rather than remain as the silent object of male desire.

21C 신지식인 양성을 위한 EQM 시스템 구축

최병태,이형민,전상봉,서승교,이우언,백종현 대구산업정보대학 2001 논문집 Vol.15 No.-

The aim of this paper is to form and to operate EQM, to say education quality management. In order to achieve the above stated purpose, the paper hypothesizes that there are similarities between enterprises and colleges in quality management. The basic method of the paper is systematic approach, modifies TQM, which is total quality management. The result is that EQM program must form and operate the feedback system for teaching and learning effect, the PSMT(project, self-study, media, team unit style teaching and learning) as a new teaching and learning method, and the digital system as an advanced mechanism, in education quality management.

Identity crisis in between : Adrienne Kennedy's funnyhouse of a Negro

정병언 부산대학교 1996 효원 영어영문학 Vol.14 No.1

Cadmium과 Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate에 의한 고환 독성 : 아연과 Apoptosis의 역할 The Role of Zinc and Apoptosis

권민,최병선,박언섭,홍연표,박정덕 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 2003 中央醫大誌 Vol.28 No.1

Cadmium (Cd) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate are used widely and distributed ubiquitously in the environment, which are well-known reproductive toxicants. DEHP and/or Cd causes the apoptosis, degeneration of spermatogenic cells, and massive necrosis, resulting in testicular atrophy. Zinc is an essential metal in spermatogenesis, the zinc concentration in testis is changed in DEHP- or Cd-treated animals. However, the role of zinc or apoptosis in testicular toxicity by DEHP or Cd has not been understood well. In this study, Sprague-Dawley male rats were given DEHP (2 g/kg, 5 ml corn-oil, PO) or Cd (CdCl₂2 mg/kg, 4 ml saline, sc) for 1, 2, 7 and 14 days. Control rats were given vehicle corresponding to each group. At day 1, 2, 7, and 14 after administration of DEHP or Cd, the morphological findings including apoptosis in testes were observed under the light microscope, and the zinc concentrations in testes were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry with flame method. Fas and FasL mRNA in testes were analyzed by RT-PCR method at 12 hours, 1, 7, 14 days after adminstration of DEHP or Cd. Absolute and relative testicular weight were lower in DEHP- or Cd-treated rats than control. DEHP or Cd produced morphological changes in testes, including apoptosis, degeneration, necrosis and massive loss of spermatogenic cells, resulting in testicular atrophy. The zinc concentration in testes was not different at day 1 after administration of DEHP, but was decreased at later times. Testicular zinc was lower at day 1, 2 in Cd-treated rats than control, but was higher at 7, 14 days after Cd administration. The levels of Fas and FasL mRNA were highly expressed in testes after administration of DEHP or Cd. These results suggest that the change of zinc level in testes might be a secondary effect of DEHP- or Cd-induced testicular toxicity, and Fas signal system might be play an important role in pocessing of apoptosis in testes by DEHP or Cd.

동방, 아프리카, 여성 담론의 역사성 : 에우리피데스, 셰익스피어, 핸즈베리의 경우

정해갑,정병언 새한영어영문학회 2008 새한영어영문학 Vol.50 No.2

As Foucault says, knowledge production is the proccss of a discursive practice. A discourse is a knowledge system, which reflects the cultural, political ideology of a society on the basis of historicity. Accordingly, this paper, focusing on discursive historicity, is to analyze the colonial imagination of Orient, Africa and women in some plays from Euripides, Shakespeare and Hansberry. The main aim of this papcr is to show how the discourse of Orient, Africa and women overlaps with colonial imagination, and, based on the discursive historicity, what difference or similarity there is among the three ages and playwrights. In Euripides' B, the Dionysiac world representing the Oriental, feminine values overcomes the Hellenistic values featured by masculinity, reason and superiority of Pentheus, who is defeated by the Maenads worshipping Dionysus. In worship of Dionysus debunking colonial imagination, there is no discrimination between young and old; there is no racial discrimination; there is no gender discrimination. Dionysiac dynamism results from the cosmopolitanism of the Mediterranean world. Also we may see a similar discourse in the modern play A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry, whose Afro-Americans pursuing their identity defeat colonial imagination of the whites, deciding to move in the community of the whites. In contrast we may see a strategical circuit of subversion and containment in Othello, where Dionysiac dynamism gives its place to colonial imagination. The subversive marriage serves as a precondition of the Renaissance authohty chastising Othello and Desdemona under the name of patriarchial order. Remarkably enough, colonial imagination equates Othello's blackness with a symbol of a subversive other attacking white Christendom, since in the Renaissance stage, the color black is associated with the Islamic invasions to Europe during the Middle Ages. Also Renaissance Europe never forgot the PIinian myth of the unhuman barbarians, despite its frequent trade with Africans. The Renaissance imagination concerning the other reflects Roman imperialism and MedievaI exclusionism.