ERK1/2-Mediated Schwann Cell Proliferation in the Regenerating Sciatic Nerve by Treadmill Training

Seo, Tae Beom,Oh, Myung-Jin,You, Byoung-Gun,Kwon, Ku-Birm,Chang, In-Ae,Yoon, Jin-Hwan,Lee, Chan-Yong,Namgung, Uk Mary Ann Liebert 2009 JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA - Vol.26 No.10

<P>Proliferation of Schwann cells in the injured peripheral nerve supports axonal regeneration, and physical training in experimental animals has been shown to promote nerve regeneration. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activity can mediate neuronal responses to lesion signals, but its role in non-neuronal cells in the injured area is largely unknown. Here we report that treadmill training (TMT) facilitates axonal regeneration via the upregulation of phospho-ERK1/2 protein levels in Schwann cells in the injured sciatic nerve. Low-intensity, but not high-intensity, TMT increased neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons and potentiated Schwann cell proliferation. TMT elevated levels of GAP-43 mRNA and protein, and phospho-ERK1/2 protein in the injured sciatic nerves. TMT also enhanced phospho-c-Jun protein levels in the injured nerve. In-vivo administration of the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 eliminated phospho-c-Jun, suggesting ERK1/2 phosphorylation of the c-Jun protein. PD98059 treatment decreased levels of BrdU-labeled proliferating Schwann cells in the distal portion of the injured nerve, and delayed the axonal regrowth that was promoted by TMT. The present data suggest that increased ERK1/2 activity in Schwann cells may play an important role in TMT-mediated enhancement of axonal regeneration in the injured peripheral nerve.</P>

안구적출에 따른 위둔덕의 칼슘결합단백질의 재구축 및 상호 연관성

안병수,고길석,안명수,김경주,권안성,정명섭,박춘매,조병옥,김진우,Samudra Acharya,Parmeshwar Narayan Amatya,장인엽 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2007 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.32 No.1

Background: Superior colliculus is a part of midbrain, and participates in the visual reflexes, It receives afferent fibers from optic nerve, visual cortex, and spinotectal tract. After optic deprivation, the microscopic structure of the superior colliculus changed. Calcium-binding proteins (CBPs) Play an important role in the neuronal protection, differentiation and reorganization of the central nervous system, Objectives and Methods: The effects of neonatal retinal deafferentation on a CBPs, calbindm D-28k (CB), Parvalbumin (PB) and calretimn (CR), and the existence of colocalization between the CBPs were examined immunohistochemically in the rat superior colliculus. Results: On the experimental (contralateral to enucleation) side of superior colliculus, the number of CB-immunoreactive (IR) cells was reduced (77.4% compared to control), but not fibers. The number of PB-IR neurons and fibers was also reduced on the experimental side (88.5% compared to control), In the other hand, the CR-IR cells were dramatically increased (642% compared to control), but CR-IR fibers were markedly decreased on the experimental side. The colocalization between CB-CR and PV-CR was rarely observed in the superior colliculus Conclusion: These results suggest that the changes of retinotectal projection may alter the expressional pattern of CBPs in different manners; relatively stable in CB- and PV-IR neurons and plastic in CR-IR neurons.

유아통합학급 자유선택활동에 나타난 유아특수교사의 놀이지도 경험에 관한 질적 연구

강성리 ( Seong Ri Kang ),이병인 ( Byoung In Lee ) 한국특수아동학회 2014 특수아동교육연구 Vol.16 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 통합학급의 유아특수교사들이 자유선택활동 시간에 장애유아의 놀이를 지도한 경험을 탐색함으로서 통합하급 유아특수교사의 놀이지도에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하는 데 있다. 본 연구의 연구방법은 19명의 통합학급 유아특수교사들을 심층 면담하여 자료를 수집하였고, Strauss와 Corbin(1998)의 연속적 비교법에 따라 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과 132개의개념,60개의 하위범주,16개의 범주가 도출되었으며,분석된 범주를 Struass와 Corbin(1990)의 패러다임 모형에 따라 분석하여 범주 간 관계성을 나타내었다. 연구 결과, 유아특수교사의 놀이지도에 대한 중심현상은``놀이지도의 힘겨움``이었고, 이에 원인이 되는 인과적 조건은 ``장애유아의놀이 참여특성``과 ``유아특수교사 요인``이었으며, 맥락적 조건의``교육기관 특성 및 기관장의 태도````부모의 놀이중요성 인식``,``교사의 자유선택활동 지도역량``,``자유선택활도의 교사협력``이 영향을 주었다. 유아특수교사는``놀이지도의 힘겨움``을 해결하기 위하여``놀이개입전랴``,``가정연계전략``,``또래와의 상호작요 지원전략``,``교육과정 수정·적용 및 놀이개발전략``,``물리적 환경구성 및 교재교구 수정``의 다양한 전략들을 사용하였다.본 연구는 통합 환경 유아특수교사의 놀이지도에 영향을 미치는 외적·내적 요소들과 놀이지도 경험의 세부내용을 제시하였다는 측면에 의의가 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 통합교육 현장에서 자유선택활동 지도를 할 때에 요구되는 환경적 조건들에 대한 이해와 놀이지도 전략 모색 및 적용에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study was to arrange the foundation in understanding about play instruction experiences of early childhood special teachers in an inclusive class through in -depth interviews. Participants in this study were 19 early childhood teachers in inclusive classrooms. Data collection was made through in-depth interviews. The collected data were categorized and organized after passing through coding and conditional matrix work with the process of integrating theory inductively. As a result of analyzing category related to teachers`` play instruction experience, it elicited totally 132 concepts, 60 sub-categories, and 16 categories. The casual condition was elicited ``characteristics of young children with disabilities in free choice activities participation``, ``teachers`` attitude and experiences``. The contextual condition was indicated to be ``characteristics of educational institutions and attitudes of kindergarten directors``, ``parents`` perception of the importance of play`` and ``human resources and class organization``. The phenomenon was analyzed ``difficulty of play instruction``. The intervening condition was analyzed ``teachers`` perspective for free choice activities``, ``teachers`` competencies for play instruction`` and ``cooperating of teachers``. The action/interaction strategies were indicated ``teachers`` instruction strategies for free choice activities``, ``peer support strategies in free choice activities``, ``application of education curriculum for free choice activities and development of play`` and ``construction of physical environment and teaching material``. The consequences were elicited ``participation of young children with disabilities in free choice activities``, ``to play with peers`` and ``teachers`` efficacy for play instruction``. Finally, the categories, which were elicited in this study, would be able to utilized as basic data for play instruction strategies understanding of early childhood special education teachers.

나노인덴테이션을 이용한 인체 피질골 골층판의 물성연구

노병욱,김병일,배성인,송정일 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2005 공업기술연구 Vol.5 No.-

In the proposed research plan, the effects of anisotropic and time-dependent mechanical properties on nanoindentation measurements of osteonic lamellae in a human cortical bone are investigated. The most popular method(Oliver-Pharr method) in nanoindentation data analysis is based on the assumption of elastic isotropy. Since cortical bone has exhibited anisotropy, it is necessary to consider the effects of anisotropy on nanoindentation measurement for cortical bone. By comparison with the contact area obtained from monitoring the contact profile in FEA simulations, the Oliver-Pharr method was found to underpredict or overpredict the contact area due to effects of anisotropy. The mount of error depended on the indentation. The indentation modulus results and were also similar to moduli calculated from mathematical model. The Oliver-Pharr method has been shown to be useful for providing first order approximations in analysis of anisotropic mechanical properties of cortical bone, although the indentation modulus is influenced by anisotropy.

In Vitro 고삼투압이 정자 원형질막의 Protein Tyrosine Phosphorylation에 미치는 영향

오영근,장재호,최인호,정노팔,신형철,곽병주 대한의생명과학회 2000 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.6 No.4

정자의 원형질막은 삼투압에 의해서 영향을 받는다고 보고되고 있다. 이중 세포막내 분자구조의 변화 특히 막지질 구조의 변화와 동반되는 이온채널의 변화 그리고 Ca2+과 HCO-3의 유동성과도 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 지금까지의 연구보고에 의하면, 정자의 첨체반응 (acrosome reaction)이 일어날 경우 protein tyrosine phosphorylation이 증가되는데 이것은 cAMP, protein kinase A 등을 통하여 작용되는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 막의 지질변화를 유도하는 물질로 일종의 sterol acceptor인 BSA가 알려져 있는 바, 실제로 BSA가 막지질 성분에 미치는 영향을 관찰한 결과 cholesterol이 유출되고 이온 등의 유동성 변화가 일어나, 이 유동성 변화가 정자의 adenylyl cyclase를 활성화시켜 cAMP를 증가시키고, PKA가 활성화되어 결과적으로 Protein tyosine phosphorycation이 유도된다고 보는 것이다. 침체반응과 protein tyrosine phosphorylation과는 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 사료되고 있다. 본 연구는 정자 원형질막에서 cholesterol이 유출되어 protein tyrosine phosphorylation이 유도될 때, BSA와 같은 sterol acceptor가 작용할 것이라는 전제하에, 고삼투압 하에서 탈수로 인해 원형질막이 위축되더라도 sterol acceptor가 존재한다면 막지질 성분의 구조적 변화가 억제 될 수 있을 것이라는 가설을 설정하였다. 실험결과, 저온 및 고삼투압 하에서 정자운동은 감소되지만 원형질막의 구조적 변화는 없고, 삼투압에 대한 반응정도는 원형질막을 통한 수분이동과 세포용적 변화에 따라 비례적으로 일어난다고 하는 사실을 발견하였다. 이 결과는 정자보존에 있어서 저온변화에 영향을 미치는 여러 인자들 특히 protein fgrosine phosphorylation의 증가와 밀접한 관계가 있음을 시시해 준다. 또한 sterol acceptor로 알려진 BSA는 삼투압이 변화되더라도 역시 중요한 인자로 작용할 수 있음을 알 수 있었으며, 특히 고삼투압으로의 변화는 cAMP와 protein kiname A를 거치는 신호전달과정에 있어서 중요한 요인이라는 사실을 확인할 수 있었다. It has been reported that plasma membrane activity of the spermatozoa may be susceptible to be influenced by extracellular osmolality and such membranous changes involve intracellular molecular changes, special regard to the structure of membranous lipids, and the accompanying ion-channel of which are closely related with their fluidity of Ca2+ and HCO-3. It is of common recognition that a certain kind of sterol acceptor player an important to induce lipid fluctuation of the sperm plasma membrane which have been influenced by BSA administration and came in effect to outflow of cholesterol from the spermatozoa and resulted in changes of ionic fluidity to facilitate adenylyl cyclase, and to induce protein tyrosine phosphorylation by increase of cAMP and activation of PKA. Thus it seems likely that an augmentation of the acrosomal reaction is closely related with protein tyrosine phosphorylation. The following experimental results were obtained in the present study; Under the high osmolality conditions, the spermatozoa motility declined significantly and the structural change of the plasma membrane diminished to confirm that the response degrees to the osmolality depended upon the water transfer volume through the plasma membrane and the changes of cellular volume. Those experimental results suggest that a physiological parameter such as low temperature condition played an important role for presentation of spermatozoa and that inducement of spermatozoa activation for reinforcement of protein tyrosine phosphorylation. On the other hand, it seemed likely that the BSA administration as one of sterol acceptors might represent a key role also under the high osmolality condition and their result also suggests that osmolality change, special regard to high osmolality condition may play an important role also in the processes of signal transmission

Motion of Charged Micro-particle Immersed in Liquid Crystal Controlled by In-plane Field for Electro Paper Display

In-Su Baik,송은경,이승희,Ju-Hwan Choi,Byoung Sun Jung,Sang Youn Jeon 한국전기전자재료학회 2006 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.7 No.1

We have studied the motion of charged micro-particles that are immersed in a nematic liquid crystal (LC) and controlled by in-plane field. The LC is an anisotropic liquid such that the viscosity of the LC depends on flow direction, phase of the LC, and temperature, which affects the motion of the charged particles under the influence of electric field. This study shows that the motion of charged particles mainly depends on the applied voltage and the LC phase, but does not show any significant influence from the initial alignment of LC, although one may expect directional difference in drag force due to interaction between LC and particle. The viscosity changes due to temperature variations in nematic phase also show no signification influence on particle velocity when compared to the effect from varying in-plane field strength.

엔로플록사신 액제의 닭유래 병원세균에 대한 시험관내 항균효과 시험

윤효인,박병권,조준형,정상희,박경환,장범수,김종춘,황윤환,임종환,이내경,박승춘 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 2000 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.8 No.-

In this study the antimicrobial spectrum and sensitivity of a liquid formulation of enrofloxacin against the major six pathogenic bacteria isolated from the diseased poultry in Korea were evaluated in comparison with ciprfloxacin (CFX), gentamicin (GM) and penicillin (PC). A liquid form of enrofloxacin, a test material and ciprofloxacin showed at least 83% antibacterial activity against all of six test pathogenic microorganisms at the fixed concentration of 10 ㎍/㎖. Gentamicin and penicillin revealed much lower antibacterial activity at the same condition. We evaluated the liquid form of enrofloxacin as having widespread antibacterial spectrum against poultry infections. The liquid form of enrofloxacin showed potent antibacterial activity, with the MIC range being 0.12∼2 ㎍/㎖ against Gram positives, 0.06∼2 ㎍/㎖ against Gram negatives and 0.5∼2 ㎍/㎖ against Mycoplasma spp. These values were equivalent to or somewhat higher than those of ciprofloxacin, but much lower than those of gentamicn and penicillin. This new liquid form of enrofloxacin would find its way in application of mixing with drinking water for the prevention and treatment of diverse infections in chickens.

기관지천식에서의 Mabuterol의 임상효과

박인원,최병휘,허성호 최신의학사 1989 最新醫學 Vol.32 No.3

단독주택의 용도별 에너지 소비에 관한 연구

김병수,장문석,박효순,송인춘 충남대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.15 No.1

The purpose of this study is to analyze the situation of energy consumption and its characteristics in detached houses. The survey is carried out in detached houses to investigate the energy consumption and energy use trend in according to three different climate zones. Building energy simulation by DOE-2 computer program was undertaken for detailed analysis of the energy use characteristic in detached houses. Also, The room temperature and the energy use of the year were also calculated. Finally, The energy consumption characteristics of heating, cooling, cooking and electric equipments in detached houses depends on life style of resident such as room temperature, occupancy type and equipment operating schedule and etc. And also, the results of this study will be to provide basic data concerned with total energy consumption in detached houses.

高麗 睿宗代 道敎 振興의 배경과 추진세력

김병인 전남사학회 2003 역사학연구 Vol.20 No.-

Encourage by his father Suk-jong(肅宗), Ye-jong(睿宗) was in charge of the ceremonies of Daoism from his early days of rule as Crown Prince. In early of Suk-jong's reign, several bureaucrats related some unusual changes in the weather to the misrule of the King, who tried to turn over the situation by using Daoism and divination by configuration of the ground. Ye-jong himself also tried to promote Daoism to overcome national crises and stabilize hardship of the people. Koryo had long been suffering from war and natural disaster. King Ye-jong wanted to overcome these difficulties by promoting Daoism. Lee Joong Tak(李仲若) and Eun Won Chung(殷元忠)·Han Ahn In(韓安仁) were the driving forces behind the promotion of Daoism. Lee Joong Yak, in particular, led the construction of Bok Won Gung(福源宮) through the essentials of Daoism from Song of China.