광주지역 HIV/AIDS, 매독 혈청 양성률 및 임질 양성률 분포조사(2002-2006)

기혜영,최병선,서진종,김선희,김민지,김은선,박종태,정재근 대한감염학회 2009 감염과 화학요법 Vol.41 No.4

Background : The epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is an important public health issue in the worldwide. Therefore, we investigated the trends of the seroprevalence of HIV and, syphilis and the gonorrhea positive rates in Gwangju from 2002 to 2006. Materials and Methods : The results of laboratory tests for HIV, syphilis and gonorrhea were collected from five public health centers and 19 hospitals in Gwangju. The number of tested patients from 2002 to 2006 was 348,202 cases for HIV, 80,115 cases for syphilis and, 103,548 cases for gonorrhea. Results : HIV/AIDS infections have rapidly increased at public health centers and hospitals. Especially, most of newly HIV-infected people were patients on ambulatory care/hospitalization, and they were also found via preoperation tests and according to the clinical symptoms. The gonorrhea positive rates have gradually decreased by year while the syphilis infection rates have slightly increased from 2002 to 2006. Conclusions : We have to determine the reasons why HIV and syphilis infections, but not gonorrhea, have increases simultaneously by the year. These results should be helpful to create a more effective STD prevention policy and the treatment guidelines for the people in Gwangju in the near future.

족관절 거골 골내결절종 : 2례 보고 2 cases report

선호영,조성일,이정웅,진병록,정산돈 최신의학사 1993 最新醫學 Vol.36 No.6

銀杏葉의 家兎 皮膚 接觸性炎症 誘發 毒性物質에 關한 硏究

白秉杰,金秉洙,金善熙,安丙浚 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 1991 藥學論文集 Vol.7 No.-

Gingko biloba is one of the oldest trees on earth. It can be traced 300 million years or more into past. In recent years, this tree has become increasingly popular because of its longevity. Amount of comsumption of Gingko leaves in Korea is increased to produce drugs for blood circulating system's disorder. The workers who work at the company of product drug with Gingko leaves complain pruritus at belt position of west, however toxic substance from extracts of Gingko biloba was carried out to determine what kind of the toxic substance from extract could induce a contact dermatitis by means of histopathological study. Dried leaves of Korean G. biloba were exhaustively extracted with chloroform. The aqueous chloroform residue was extracted with hexane. After evaporation, the hexane extract was passed through a silica gel column chromatography, it was separated into 9 fractions by means of gradient solvent(benzene: acetone/ 98~93:2~7%). The 4th and 7th fraction were idendified as bilibol and gingkolic acid by silica gel thin layer chromatography and NMR spectrophotometer. The 4th and 7th fractions of Korean Gingko leaves have an irritant substances which can be induced ear swelling and increased thickness of stratum cornium of rabbit ear exposed with the fractions (3 time/3 day, 100μl of 50mg/ml ethyl alcohol). In the 4th fraction, the substance have induced the surface of ear to swell and mass of unknown cell like inflammatory cell were infiltrated within the stratum corneum, and the 7th fraction have the surface of ear to loss the hairs, and sebaceous gland and follicle of hair were infiltrated with inflammatory cells, and other fractions at all did not induced a certain contact dermatitis and also Deutschen drug of Gingko (named as Gerigeron) have induced the contact dermatitis such as dematitis of Korean Gingko extract.

更年期 障碍의 治療에 關한 硏究 : 中醫雜誌와 東義治療經驗集을 中心으로

閔丙和,崔銀洙,李仁仙 동의대학교 한의학연구소 1999 동의한의연구 Vol.3 No.-

This study has been carried out to investigate pathogenesis, symptoms, treatment method of Climacteric Hindrance. The results were obtained as follows ; 1. In oriental medicine, Oimacteric Hindrance is caused by exhaustion of chungye(天癸), discordance of internal organs, discordance of the roles of yin and yang in kidney and its pathogenesis are the deficiency of Qi of the kidney and the depression of liver energy. In western medicine, the decline of ovary function is regarded as Climacteric Hindrance's pathogenesis. 2. The symptoms of Climacteric Hindrance are divided into the whole body's symptoms(psychogenic symptom) and partial symptoms(menstruation hindrance). 3. The medical treatments of Climacteric Hindrance are medicine treatment, acupuncture and psychologic therapy. And the treatment method of Climacteric Hindrance are aliment liver and kidney, aliment um(陰) and blood, making mental comfort, aliment um(陰) and controlling fire, softening liver energy. 4. The symptoms of Climacteric Hindrance are different one another, so many treatment methods can be required.

민중 서사시의 미학과 침묵의 언어 : 「금강」과『우리 모두의 노래』를 중심으로 Kumgang y Canto General

송병선 이베로아메리카연구소 부산외국어대학교 2003 이베로아메리카 Vol.5 No.-

이와 같이 지금까지 살펴본 신동엽의 「금강」과 네루다의 『우리 모두의 노래』는 재현된 외적현실을 예술작품 속에서 시적으로 재창조함으로써 한국과 라틴아메리카의 민중의 현실을 반영하고 표현하고 작품하다. 그리고 미학적인 관점에서 살펴볼 때, 이 두 시들은 단순히 이데올로기에 의해 지배되고 있는 것이 아니며, 또한 그 동안 작취당해 온 민중들의 현실을 단순히 반영하고 있는 것도 아니라, 시가 지닌 서정성 속에서 형식과 내용의 조화를 통해 민중의 문제가 예술적으로 해결되었음을 보여주고 있는 것이다. 이런 것은 이 두 시들이 현재까지 민중 서사시의 토대를 마련해 준 것에 그치는 것이 아니라, 참다운 침묵의 언어인 민중의 숨겨진 말을 대변하고 그에 대한 사랑을 서설함으로써 현대의 포스트모더니즘이 주창하고 있는 ‘차연’을 이루고 있으며, 또한 공식역사의 이름으로 배제된 참다운 민중의 사랑을 구현할 수 있는 새로운 가능성을 제시하고 있는 것이다.

나치스의 擅頭와 政權掌握에 관한 考察

趙炳鮮 釜山大學校 師範大學 1984 교사교육연구 Vol.9 No.1

At the earlier times of Nazi movement, a Nazi had a strong desire to grasp the political power throngh the only attempt. That event was what we call Munchen emergency, as it was mentioned previously. It happened on Nov. 1923. At that time Hitler had all the beer house in the vicinity of the city surrounded by his armed soldiers (the raiders). He intended to persuade the Rightists in the beer house to march into Berlin with his National Revolutionalists under his own control. But this plan ended in disastrous failure. His raiders were scattered to every where by the one shot of Munchen police gun. On the spot Hitler escaped, but was arrested and imprisoned in Lazb- erg jail. "Mem Kampf" was written during his imprisonment, in which the life gave him a lesson and that his repentance was originated from his failure itself in the attempt. At the end of 1924, he was set free. His idea had no changes of his policy in Nazism. His policy of unchangeability meant the abandanment of holding the political power by the force of arms. The objects his raiders pursued after and aimed at were not police or soldiers but his counter parties, the Communists and the Social Democrats. His raiders went on disturbing the meetings and demonstrations of the counter parties. Hitler wanted to grasp the political power through the channel of parliament after the general election and attempted to skillfully overthrow the republic government. According to Gatsville Hitter wanted to knock down parliamentarism. Through the intentional abuse of the privilege that parliament offered the members, let's assume, a free pass, he put an emphasis on the uselessness of parliament. This is the same way as the wolf comes into the flock of sheep pretending to be friends. This is how Hitler began to move toward the very legitimate hold of the political power. Of course, some raiders of a Nazi had not a tendency to understand the policy of a Nazi and futher they threatened to fcomb and dissovle the Nazi. But Hitler led a Nazi and did not yield to the very danger of dissolution. The paralysis of the function of parliamentarism was caused by panic after 1930 and that the panic caused a Nazi to make his way for its aim. A Nazi in turn helped parliamentarism to be palsy. Was the cabinet obviously legitimate that was constructed on January, 1933? If so, what made it possible to say that the cabinet was legitimate? Was it obviously a legitimate process that a Nazi had taken root to the development of Nazi? Imperialism from Hitler's cons-truction of cabinet: To answer this guestion we have to have construction. In the first place, it seems that Nazi came up through the channel of the general election but the strategy of Nazi had two main channels of propaganda and terrorism. This is why Nazism is devoid of the validity of legitimacy. Moreover, Hitler was sure to be elected as first party leader and to be appointed illegtimately as premier approved by the president of the republic. However, the appointing power of the president in approving the premier was so great that parliamentary democracy lost the power to limit and control over the presidency. After many changes of constitution was made, the appointing power seemed not to be against the law. Besides this, we make it sure that Nazi became the first party but never got the majorty of the members of parliament on March, 1933. election, when the event of interference in election and incendiary fire to parliament became a questionable issue how the raiders were assigned to the police and they interfered in an election. For all that issue, the construction of Hitler's cabinet was made by the cooperation of Germany People's Party and by the appointing power of the presidency and the result of this had an important implication, the Social Democrats and Communists did not cooperated with Hitler's cabinet in support of Hitler's policy. If they had gone on a general strike to overthrow Hitler's cabinet, they must have faced the crisis of the reproof that they attempted to overthrow on constitutionally to the contrary: As a matter of fact, the executive members of these parties made good use of their opposition to Hitler in order to make an excuse for their sabotage. It was really effective in political implication that Hitler's cabinet was not constructed by coupd'etat or the raider's forces of arms, but by the legitimate appointment from the president, like all the succesive cabinets of the Weimar Republic. Hitler's cabinet took such a series of systematic measures that the voluntary meetings of parties and labor unions could be dissolved, and his cabinet considered these societies to be compulsory, inveterate and unified. The process of measures seemed not to be legitimate in the practical and theoretical way. But as the legitimate plan was so carefully made to grasp the political power, so the careful consideration was taken enough to lessen the resistence to the minimum degree through implanting the consciousness of legitimacy to his people. In view of the Authorized Law (Ermachtigungs gesetz) on march 23th, 1933, it seemed, useless that this law was made to aim at handing over the president had emergency ordinance which is equal to the Authorized Law. In fact, after Hitler grasped the political power he dissolved parliament instead of putting' emergency ordinance into operation, specified in the 48 article of constitution. At the same time the incendiary fire to parliament happened March, 5. This caused him to have a better position to win the general election on February 27. Acording to emergency' ordinance, the preident conld prohibit the validity of freedom of speech, assembly, association and co- responce guaranteed by the source of Weimar constitution. The Authorized law had some articles of the firm device to resistt autocracy. For all that, the coalition government of the Natinal People party and Central party was forced to support the direction of Nazi. In the end, the articles mentioned above were desire garded or ignored completely. First all, the Authorized law, in practice, was the 4 year of restriction, which lasted 12 years until the third republic was built by the defeat in World War II in 1945. In the second place, the Authorized law had the regulation that the validity of the Authorized law expires automatically after the new cabinet is constucted. This was designed to clear the grave consequence available to the National People Party and the Conservative Party. Hitler's cabinet was consisted of two different classes, the one was an authoritarion reactionary group of the ruling class, and they were worrying about Hither's attitude from the beginning and also they were regarding themselves as supervisors of Hitler. The other belonged to members of Nazi of the coalition government. Hitler added some article to the Authorized law to reassure these clsses. That is, when they worried about the employment of dictatorship, they could always withdraw their cabinet members from their own party and that they could obtain the validity of the invalidated Authorized law automaticatically. However, this article came to be disregar ded conpletely. The cabinet was exclusivly swept by Nazis in no time, but the Authorized law was not invalid in effect. On August in 1934, when president Hindenberg died, Hitler merged the position of president and premfier into chanceller. Historical experiences tell us that the validity of the articles of the safety device, specified in the law of the maintenance or public people could depend upon the quality of power. As for as Nazism goes these articles could not be effective in practice. Finally the source of force to help Nazis to have absolute rule and to pretend themselves to be legitimate could be coalition government on January, 1933, composed of a Nazi along with an authoritarian reactionary ruling class, as we have seen before. In reality, Hitler's cabinet has 3 members of Nazi including Frig, Gerring and Hitler himself. Around these people there were vice premier Papen, minister of economics Hugenberg and minister of defence Bromberg as their supervisor. But Nazis occupied the important position of cabinet premier was Hitler. Fring and Gering were interior ministers of central government and Freusen government. Nazis had a strong political power thanks to the background of a mass movement. In addition, defence minister Bromberg was attracted by Hitler's promise to armaments. Therefore he had no problem at all. In fact, Htler was greatly helped by those who were used as a kind of tool for his own purpose. They were only the trools as the disguising means until Hitler finished constructing the base of greatest Power. At first, Hitler emphasized that his cabinet could never be a tool for Nazi's exclusive governing but be the result of a unity orginated from natinalism. On the opening ceremony of parliament, March 21, Hitler knelt down hit knees to old president Hindenberg, who lived in the traditional Postdam church of Horenzoren family. This was produced by clever Getsbers. His dramatic performance gave the authoritarian reactionary people some impression that they could expect imperialism to revive. It was obviously true that a Nazi did this way until the Authorized law was made. Since then, compulsory homogenizing speededcys so fast that all the parties including National People Party, had to be dissolved. May first, Hitler ordered the labor union to be disbanded all over the country. The total ban of the poltical activity on Social Democrats (June 22) and the separation of state and church (July, 5) were merchandise for negotiation. These left something doubtful. Hitler ordered the disbandment of Central Party and thought the exclusive existence of Nazis is possible. He promulgated the article that whoever wanted to organize a new party, he should be sentenceced form six months' inprisonment life to 3 years' penal servitude with hard work. That's it. Those who helped Hitler to be chosen as premier could not help but guit the hope that they could enjoy the revival of inperialism. It is fully appreciated that Pon Papeo, among them, who criticized Hitler to a great degree could be the very person that helped Hitler to construct the firm groud of political power at full speed.

소아에서 발생한 비치성 양성종양에 관한 임상적 연구

백병주,김문현,김재곤,허선,김영신 大韓小兒齒科學會 1998 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.25 No.2

Non-odontogenic tumors can be classified as malignant or benign. Most oral tumors in children are benign. In the Belfact series only 7.5 percent of soft tissue tumors were malignant and Bhaskar(1963) found only 9 percent of 293 oral tumors of all kinds to be malignant. Benign tumors may be classified as epithelial and mesenchymal. The most common tumor of surface epithelium is the squamous papilloma. These are easily recgnized clinically as cauliflower-like lesions. Fibrous lesions are very common in children's mouths. Many of these are not true neoplasms but are related to fibrous hyperplasia. Another common oral tumor in children is angiomatous tumor. Hemangioma occurred more frequently than lymphangioma. Cy stic hygroma, a cystic subtype of lymphangioma, is a developmental tumor of lymphatic origin. It is a considered to be a relatively rare lesion. about 50 precent of cystic hygroma are present at birth, and most of the remaining 50 percent appear in the early years of life during the period of active lymphatic growth. The preferred treatment for these lesions, except for hemangioma, is complete surgical excision. With proper surgical techniques, recurrence is not expected.

웹 기반 BASIC 프로그래밍 실습 환경

이재선,창병모 숙명여자대학교 자연과학연구소 2000 자연과학논문집 Vol.- No.11

프로그래밍 학습을 원하는 학 습자들은 컴파일러나 인터프리터와 같은 언어처리기를 먼저 갖추어야 한다. 이는 학습자들에게 언어처리기 설치에 대한 부담과 업그레이드 문제 등 학습 이외의 부담을 주게된다. 본 논문에서는 별도의 언어처리기를 설치하지 않아도 웹 상에서 프로그래밍 학습과 실습이 모두 가능한 실습 환경을 구현하였다. 구현된 시스템에서는 BASIC 언어에 대한 학습과 실습이 웹 상에서 모두 가능하도록 Java애플릿으로 구현된 BASIC인터프리터를 제공해준다. 또한 애플릿으로 구현된 편집창과 BASIC 인터프리터간의 통신을 통해 서버로부터 예제 파일을 불러와 편집이 가능하며, 편집한 프로그램을 인터프리터로 전송시켜 자동 실행할 수 있다. 이러한 기능들을 통하여 학습자들에게 웹 상에서 효과적으로 프로그래밍 언어를 학습 할 수 있는 환경을 제공해 준다. Leamers who want to learn programming should install language processors like compilers or interpreters first. This gives an extra burden other than programming learning. In this paper, we design a virtual programming environment that enables learners to learn and practice programming on the web without installing languages processors. This system provides a BASIC interpreter as Java applet so as to learn and practice programming on the web. It also provides an editor so as to edit example files brought from the server. Edited programs can also be sent to interpreter and executed automatically. These functions make it possible to learn programming language more effectively on the virtual programming environment.

정량적 게이트 심근관류 스펙트 검사에서 관류결손이 좌심근질량 측정과 부하 후 좌심실 용적 및 구혈률에 미치는 영향

안병철,배선근,이상우,정신영,이재태,이규보 대한핵의학회 2002 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.36 No.6

목적: 심질환의 예후 인자로 알려진 좌심근 질량 및 좌심실 구혈률을 구할 수 있는 게이트 심근관류 스펙트는 관류결손에 의해 영향을 받을 수 있다. 또한 관류결손을 일으키는 심혈관질환은 안정시와 부하후 좌심실 기능에 영향을 줄 수 있다. 본 연구는 심근관류 스펙트상 관류결손을 가진 환자를 대상으로 하여, 첫째 관류 결손의 크기와 가역성 여부에 따른 안정시와 부하 후 게이트 심근관류 스펙트로 구한 좌심근 질량의 차이를 알아 보았으며, 둘째, 관류결손의 가역성 여부에 따른 안정시와 부하 후 게이트 심근관류 스펙트로 얻은 좌심실 용적과 좌심실 구혈률의 상관성 및 차이를 비교해 보았다. 대상 및 방법: 심근관류 스펙트상 관류 결손이 있는 환자 46명을 대상으로 하였다. 대상 환자 가운데 남자가 34명(73.9%)이었고 평균연령은 64±9세였으며, 40명(87.0%)은 가역성 관류결손이었다. 게이트 심근관류 스펙트는 740MBq의 Tc-99m MIBI를 투여한 후 이중헤드 감마카메라(Vertex Plus, ADAC,USA)를 이용하여 영상자료를 얻었다. 좌심근 질량, 이완기말/수축기말 좌심실 용적 및 좌심실 구혈률은 AutoQUANT 프로그램을 이용하여 구하였다. 결과: 안정시와 부하 후 게이트 심근관류 스펙트로 구한 좌심근 질량은 뛰어난 상관성을 나타내었다. 가역적 관류결손 환자보다 고정 관류결손 환자가, 관류 결손의 크기가 20%미만인 환자가 관류 결손크기가 20% 이상은 환자보다 두 값 사이에 더 높은 상관성이 있었다. 고정 관류결손을 가진 환자는 안정시와 부하 후 게이트 심근관류 스펙트에서 얻은 좌심실 이완기말 용적, 좌심실 수축기말 용적, 좌심실 구혈률에 차이가 없었으나, 가영적 관류결손을 가진 환자에서는 안정시와 부하후 게이트 심근관류 스펙트에서 얻은 좌심실 구혈률에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 가역적 관류결손 환자 40명 가운데 10명(25%)에서는 부하후 게이트 심근관류 스펙트에서 구한 좌심실 구혈률이 안정시에 구한 좌심실 구혈률보다 5% 이상 낮았다. 고정관류 결손환자는 가역적 관류 결손환자에 비해 안정시와 부하 후 좌심실 용적과 구혈률에 더 높은 상관성을 나타내었다. 결론: 관류결손은 게이트 심근관류 스펙트를 이용한 좌심근 질량측정에 영향을 미칠 수 있으며, 고정 관류 결손을 가진 환자 보다 가역적 관류 결손을 가진 환자에서 심근부하 후 과심실 구혈률 감소가 더 빈번하게 발생됨을 알 수 있었다. Purpose: The presence of perfusion defect ma influence the left ventricular mass (LVM) measurement by quantitative gated myocardial perfusion SPECT (QGS), and ischemic myocardium, usually showing perfusion defect may produce post-stress LV dysfunction. This study was aimed to evaluated the effects of extent and reversibility of perfusion defect on the automatic measurement of LVM by QGS and to investigate the effect of reversibility of perfusion defect on post-stress LV dysfunction. Subjects and Methods: Forty-six patients (male/female=34:12, mean age=64years) with perfusion defect on myocardial perfusion SPECT underwent rest and post-stress QGS. Forty patients (87%) showed reversible defect. End-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), LV ejection fraction (EF), and LV myocardial volume were obtained from QGS by AutoQUANT program, and LVM was calculated by multiplying the LV myocardial volume by the specific gravity of myocardium. Results: LVMs measured at rest and post-stress QGS showed good correlation, and higher correlation was founded in the subjects with fixed perfusion defect and with small defect (smaller than 20%). There were no significant differences in EDVs, ESVs and EFs between obtained by rest and post-stress QGS in patients with fixed myocardial defect. Whereas, EF obtained post-stress QGS was lower than that by rest QGS in patients with reversible defect and 10 (25%) of them showed decreases in EF more than 5% in post-stress QGS, as compared to that of rest QGS. Excellent correlations of EDVs, ESVs, EFs between rest and post-stress QGS were noted. Patients with fixed defect had higher correlation between EDVs, ESVs, EFs than patients with reversible defect. Conclusion: These results suggest that perfusion defect can affect LVM measurement by QGS and patients with reversible defect shows post-stress LV dysfunction more frequently than patients with fixed perfusion defect. (Korean J Nucl Med 2002;36;381-91)

현대 쿠바의 정체성 형성과 혼혈의 패러다임 : 마르타 로하스의 반노예주의 소설 3부작을 중심으로

송병선 부산외국어대학교 이베로아메리카연구소 2013 이베로아메리카 Vol.15 No.1

This article explores the Marta Rojas’ trilogy of antislavery narrative to elucidate that the Cuban Revolution has influenced and inspired an expression of Afro-Cuban identity. It means that this study focuses on contemporary Afro-Cuban cultural praxis after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1989 and Cuba’s subsequent plunge into deep economic crisis. Unlike the traditional Cuban antislavery narrative, El columpio de Rey Spencer (1993), Santa lujuria (1998) and El harén de Oviedo (2003) introduce a different perspective of history, in which the author presents previously marginalized characters in history as the blacks, women and West Indian groups as active agents in the formation of Cuban identity.