제조물책임의 법제와 보험에 관한 연구

崔秉珪 한국경영법률학회 2003 經營法律 Vol.13 No.1

The Term "product liability" means liablity arising out of goods or products manufactured, sold, handle or distributed by someone. In the case of product liability, a plaintiff is injured by the use of an defective product. In Korea product liability law was enacted in the year of 2000. Since July 2002 the law is effective. At the same time the new insurance polices are available. Product liability insurance covers injuries caused by consumer products that are defectively manufactured, defectively designed, or defectively marketed, for example with inadequate warnings or instructions for use. An injured consumer normally can bring an action against the defective products manufacturer or retailer and its insurer under a negligence theory. Prduct liability insurance is a kind of liability insurance. Almost allproduct liability actions are covered by the product liability portion of the insurance policy, If the occurrence occurs after possession of such goods or products has been relinquished to others by the Assured and if such occurrence occurs away from premisses owned, rented or controlled by the assured. we should solve the problems arising from the situation that insurance company A initially provides products the situation that insurance company A initially provides products liability coverage, but the product-related injury or disease does not manifest itself until some years later and that insurance company B or C is providing similar civerage to the same manufacturer for its defective products. Which insurance company is ultimately liable for those injuries? Three distinct legal theories habe involved to answer this question : the "exposure" theory, the "manifestation" theory and the " injury in fact" thery. And product liability overage only applies to occurences which occur away from the insured's premises and after the goods habe been transferred.

SUS 304 마이크로 와이어 직선화 처리에 관한 연구

신홍규,김남수,김웅겸,홍남표,김병희,김헌영 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2004 産業技術硏究 Vol.24 No.A

In the study, we have developed a straightening system for the SUS 304 micro wires that are normally used in the medical and semi-conductor fields. To apply heat to the micro wires, we introduced the direct wire heating method which generates the thermal energy by the electrical resistance of the wire itself. To avoid the deterioration of the wire surface by the environment, such as the oxidation or the hydration, the N_(2) gas was filled in the glass pipe in which the straightening process was being performed. A precision tension meter was also attached to control the tension of the wire during the heating and straightening process. In order to control the straightening process, several experimental investigations with varying the tension, the feeding velocity and the temperature (current) was carried out. As a result of experiments, we obtained the optimal processing conditions satisfying the straightness requirement of the micro wires.

제조물책임에 대한 비교법적 고찰

崔秉珪 안성산업대학교 2002 論文集 Vol.34 No.-

The term "product liability" means liability arising out of goods or products manufactured, sold, handled or distributed by someone. In the case of product liability law was enacted in the year of 2000. Since July 2002 the law is effective. At the same time the new insurance polices are available. Product liability insurance covers injuries caused by consumer products that are defectively manufactured, defectively designed, or defectively marketed, for example with inadequate warnings or instructions for use. An injured consumer normally can bring an action against the defective products manufacturer or retailer and its insurer under a negligence theory. Product liability insurance is a kind of liability insurance. Almost all product liability actions are covered by the product liability portion of the insurance policy, If the occurrence occurs after possession of such goods or products has been relinquished to others by the Assured and if such occurrence occurs away from premisses owned, rented or controlled by the assured. we should solve the problems arising from the situation that insurance company A initially provides products liability coverage, but the product-related injury or disease does not manifest itself until some years later and that insurance company B or C s providing similar coverage to the same manufacturer for its defective products. Which insurance company is ultimately liable for those injuries? Three distinct legal theories habe involved to answer this question: the "exposure" theory, the "manifestation" theory and the "injury in fact" theory. And product liability coverage only applies to occurrences which occur away from the insured"s premises and after the goods habe been transferred.

보험사기의 현황과 방지대책에 대한 연구

최병규 안성산업대학교 2000 論文集 Vol.32 No.-

Insurance contract is a promise by one person to pay another money or any other thing of value upon the happening of a fortuitous event, beyond the effective control of either party, in which the promisee has an interest apart from the contract. The contract of insurance is the primary illustration of a class of contracts described as uberrimae fidei, that is, of the utmost good faith. As a result, the potential parties to it are bound to volunteer to each other before the contract is concluded information which is material. The requirement of utmost good faith has also been held to apply throughout the contract. The insured should not use insurance as a unjust money making means. This study concentrates on showing the present insurance crime in Korea and finding out effective methods to avoid it.

분식회계와 이사의 책임

최병규 한국경영법률학회 2004 經營法律 Vol.14 No.1

The duty of loyalty and the duty of care are the important duties of directors. The liability of directors arises out of violation of such duties. The duty of loyalty requires that officers and directors not profit at the expense of their corporation, whether through self-dealing contracts, usurpation of corporate opportunities, or their means. The duty is applicable typically when an director, officer, or parent corporation has a conflict of interest, for example, when influencing or potentially influencing both sides in a contract negotiation. It is, on the other hand, generally recognized that when corporate director makes a business judgment in good faith, he or she will not be held liable for any losses that ensue as long as the director ① is not interested in the transaction, ② is reasonably informed with respect to the subject of the business judgment, and ③ reasonably believes that the business judgment is in the best interests of the corporation. The liability and legal expenses of directors who are the subject of claims based on a lack of due care, and for certain other wrongful acts, will often be covered by Directors' and Officers'(D&O) insurance. D&O insurance is commonly referred to as liability insurance, because it ensures against liability and legal expenses. Technically, however, D&O insurance is indemnification insurance, because it does not require the insurer to defend, and the insurer's obligations do not accrue until the claim is settled or adjudicated. Directors are liable for the manipulation of accounting books. But there is specific political background in korea. Therefore we should decide case by case. In future all such a manipulation should disappear.

기업체 우수특허 확보방안 연구

최병규 안성산업대학교 1998 論文集 Vol.30 No.2

This paper analyzes the current situation and circumstances domestic companies face in connection with intellectual property, in particular, patent. What is the most important in patent is to acquire patents that can be marketed. To do this, companies should have programs to search for prior arts. By searching for prior arts at the stage of inventions, double investment may be evaded and research institutes may provide assistance to choosing marketable inventions. In searching programs, domestic companies may depend upon domestic or foreign searching companies and patent offices. In addition, companies need to keep its employees updated with high technology by, for example, having journals of industrialized countries available to them. Above all, companies need to make use of a patent map(PM).

약관규제법의 문제점과 개선방안 : Rechts und Reformvorschlage

崔秉珪 한국경영법률학회 2003 經營法律 Vol.13 No.2

Das AGB-Recht befiidet sich im Wandel. Das gilt vor allem in Europa. Auch in Korea ist die Reform des AGB-Rechts in gewichti-gerer Diskussion. Allgemeine Gescha‥ftsbedingungen ubernehmen einige wichtige Funktionen in den moderen Massengeschafte. Die meisten Gescha‥fte legen ihre AGB ihrem gesamten Gescha‥ftsverkehr sowohl mit Privatkunden als auch mit Kaufleuten, auch im internationalen Verkehr zugrunde. Die Individualabrede hat nach dem AGB-Gesetz Vorrang. Zu den allgemeinen AGB, die fur alle Gesha‥ftsarten die Rechtsbeziehungen zwischen Unternehmen und Kunden grundsatzlich regeln sollen, treten die Sonderbedingungen fur bestimmte Gescha‥ftsarten. Auch diese Sonderbedingungen sind auch AGB im Sinne § 2 korea. AGB-Gesetz. Die Sonderbedingungen konkretisieren die Rechtsbezie-hungen zwischen Unternehmen und Kunde im Bezug auf die spezielle Gescha‥ftsart. Zum geringeren Teil enthalten sie aber auch gewisse Abweichungen von den generellen AGB. Die AGB-Praxis venvendet femer fur die einzelnen Gescha‥ftsarten Formularvertra‥ge. Fur die Einbeziehung in den Vertrag mit dem Kunden erforderlich und ausreichend gem. § 3 korea. AGB-Gesetz ist der Aushang der AGB oder Moglichkeit der Einsichtnahme in den Gescha‥ftsra‥umen der Untemehmen verbunden mit dem Hinweis bei Vertragsschluβ und die Einwilligung des Kunden. Die richterliche Inhaltskontrolle aufgrund der Generalklausel ist bei der AGB-Kontrolle am wichtigsten. Bestimmungen in Allgemeinen Geschaβftsbedingungen sind unwirksam, wenn sie den Vertragspartner des Verwenders entgegen den Geboten von Treu und Glauben unangemessen benachteiligen. In Korea ist nun die Reform des AGB-Gesetzes ein heisses Thema. Hauptgegenstand ist die Reform der Standard-AGB und der Schaffung einer auβergerichtlichen Kommission fu‥r die Beilegung der AGB-rechtlichen Streitigkeiten. Man sollte dabei nicht nur die Interessen der Kunden, sondern auch die Rationalisierung der Gescha‥fte beru‥cksichtigen. Seit 1.1.2002 existiert das AGB-Gesetz in Deutschland nicht mehr. Die meisten Regelungen des AGB-Gesetzes sind nun in BGB unvera‥ndert geregelt. Die Bestimmungen des AGB-Gesetzes sind also in die §§ 305 ff. BGB integriert. Die Verbandsklage(§ 13 AGB-Gesetz) ist nun im Unterlassungsklagengesetz geregelt. Entscheidend wird es dabei darauf ankommen, die wesentlich gea‥nderte Konzeption des Schuldrechts(insbesondere das allgemeine Leistungssto‥rungsrecht) mit Blick auf die richterliche Inhaltskontrolle von AGB gem. §307 BGB n.F. ins Auge zu nehmen. Das deutsche AGB-Gesetz hatte bei der AGB-Gesetzgebung in Korea einen starken Einfluβ ausgeubt. Nun ist das deutsche AGB-Gesetz im Rahmen der Schuldrechtsreform weggeschafft worden. Dem sollte man bei der Reform des korea. AGB-Rechts zumindest im Hinblick auf die Gesetzessystematik nicht folgen. Einige vorbildhaftige Regelungen der deutschen AGB-Reformen(z.B. die ausdru‥ckliche Regelung des Transparenzgebots) sollten wir aber beru‥cksichtigen. Ferner sollten wir auch daran denken, daβ die Zusammenarbeit der Gerichte und der "korean fair trade commission" notwendig ist. Bei der Genehmigung der wichtigen AGB sollte auch die “korean fair trade commission” mitwirken konnen. Die Erweiterung der Standard-AGB ist in langer Sicht nicht wuβnschenswert, und sollte man dazu etwas zuruβckhaltend sein.

약관규제이론과 은행약관

최병규 안성산업대학교 2002 論文集 Vol.33 No.-

독일보험계약법상 사고발생 후 보험계약자의 정보제공의무

최병규 법무부 2010 선진상사법률연구 Vol.- No.51

보험계약은 최대선의계약으로서 보험자와 보험계약자는 상생협력의 관계에 있다. 우리법상 보험계약자는 고지의무, 위험변경증가의 통지 등 각종 통지의무를 부담하고 있다. 더 나아가 보험계약자는 보험사고 발생이후에도 일정한 의무를 부담한다. 우선 사고발생을 보험자에게 통지하여야 하고 보험자의 사고조사에 협조하여야 하며 손해방지의무도 부담한다. 사고통지의무나 손해방지의무는 우리 상법에도 규정이 있지만 보험계약자의 사고 후 정보 제공의무에 대해서는 우리 법에는 규정이 없다. 다만 실무상 해당 내용을 약관에서 두어 활용하고 있다. 이에 대하여 독일 보험계약법 제31조에서는 보험계약자의 정보의무라는 조문 제목 하에 보험계약자의 사고 관련 정보제공의무를 규정하고 있다. 즉 보험자는 보험 사고가 발생한 후에 보험계약자로 하여금 보험사고의 확정을 위해서 또는 자신의 급부의무의 범위를 정하는 데 필요한 정보를 제공할 것을 요구할 수 있다. 이때 보험계약자에게 증거 자료를 마련하는 것을 공평의 입장에서 기대할 수 있는 경우에는 보험자는 이 증거자료를 요청할 수 있다. 그리고 보험자의 계약상 급부에 대한 권리가 제3자에게 있는 경우 제3자도 그러한 의무를 이행하도록 하고 있다. 우리의 경우 법에는 명문의 규정이 없지만 약관에서 보험계약자의 간접의무를 규정하고 있는 경우가 다수 있다. 특히 사고발생시 손해를 부풀려 청구하지 않아야 할 의무 등이 그 예이다. 그런데 우리의 경우 그에 대한 일반 규정이 없어서 상법 제663조의 편면적 강행규정에 의한 보험계약자 보호조치에 의하여 걸러지는 장치가 마련되어 있지 않다. 그러한 와중에 대법원 판례는 보험계약자보호를 위하여 그러한 간접 의무를 엄격하게 해석하고 있다. 만일 우리도 독일 보험계약법 제31조와 같은 규정을 상법 보험편에서 두게 되면 그 규정이 역시 상법 제663조에 의해 편면적 강행규정이 됨으로써 보험계약자보호의 간극을 메우게 되는 이점이 있게 되는 것이다. 또한 그러한 규정을 둠으로써 판례가 노력하는 취지를 그대로 법 규정을 통해서 살릴 수 있는 장점도 있다. 무엇보다도 보험사고 이후의 보험계약자 측의 행동양식에 대하여 예측가능성을 도모할 수 있으며, 보험계약의 선의계약성에 비추어 보험계약자측의 협조필요성을 법률에 반영하게 된다. 따라서 우리 상법 제657조의 2로 사고발생후 보험계약자의 정보의무를 신설하는 것이 필요하다. Recently the reform of insurance contract law is not only in germany and japan, but also in korea hot issue. The insurance contract law has experienced significant change recently in many countries worldwide. Especially in germany and in japan there was heavy reform in the field of insurance contract law. The current korean insurance contract law in korean commercial code was effected in 1963. It has many problems. The reform discussion about korean insurance contract law is being done in national assembly. In insurance contract law the duty of information after accident plays very important role. Duty of document-offering and duty of offering detail information are the examples. In germany the insurance contract law(VVG) divides indirect duty into two categories, namely indirect duty per law and indirect duty per contract. Duty of disclosure and duty of notice belong to indirect duty per law. The insured and insurer can also agree other special duties of insured. These belong to indirect duty per contract. Article 28 german insurance contract law regulates this indirect duty per contract. Thereby the insured can be protected from overreaching effect of such a duty. In korea there is almost no discussion about the duty of information after accident. Instead of it the contract clauses regulate the contents. Because of this reason, the interest of insured can be neglected. Although the supreme court tries to protect the insured by the limiting the overreaching indemnity according to exaggerated accident amount we should find out legal solution. To solve the problems we must look at foreign laws. Especially the german insurance contract law has influences to korean law because we adopted the continental legal system. The german insurance contract law was reformed in 2007 significantly. It was effected on 1. jan. 2008. The article 31 german insurance contract law regulates the duty of information after insurance-accident. The contents of it are rational and acceptable. There are also many discussion and court cases about article 31 german insurance contract law. This study concentrates on showing the current problems of insurance contract law in regard of the duty of information after accident. The author has meanwhile tried to provide some suggestions about reform of korean insurance contract law in regard of the duty of information after accident in retrospective point of view. It has tried to show the right direction for the reform about the duty of information after accident and its violation effects.

유압관로에서 비정상유량의 속도분포에 대한 이론적 해석

유영태,조정규,최병재 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 2001 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.23 No.1

An efficient wave equation is analyzed for determining wave of taking into account viscosity and radial velocity and a oil hammer. Both frequency and transient response experiments are carried out with use of a rotary sinusoidal flow generator. The dynamic pressure of oil is measured and the obtained frequency characteristics are compared with the theoretical ones. Experimental and theoretical results make clear that the wave equation investigated here can predict wave phenomena in a wave transmission line containing a viscous liquid. i.e., in a hydraulic lines.