A Study of the Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui (兩景揆日儀) in the Joseon Dynasty

Yong Sam Lee,Sang Hyuk Kim,Byeong-Hee Mihn 한국우주과학회 2015 Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol.32 No.1

The Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui (兩景揆日儀) is a kind of elevation sundial using three wooden plates. Sang-hyeok Lee (李尙爀, 1810~?) and Byeong-cheol Nam (南秉哲, 1817~1863) gave descriptions of this sundial and explained how to use it in their Gyu-il-go (揆日考) and Ui-gi-jip-seol (儀器輯說), respectively. According to Gyu-il-go (揆日考) there are two horizontal plates and two vertical plates that have lines of season and time. Subseasonal (節候) lines are engraved between seasonal (節氣) lines, subdividing the interval into three equal lines of Cho-hu (初候, early subseason), Jung-hu (中候, mid subseason) and Mal-hu (末候, late subseason); there are 13 seasonal lines for a year, thus resulting in 37 subseasonal lines; also, there are 12 double-hour (時辰) lines for a day engraved on these plates. The only remaining artifact of Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui was made in 1849 (the 15th year of Heon-jong) and is kept at the Korea University Museum. We have compared and analyzed Yanggyeong- gyu-il-ui and similar western sundials. Also, we have reviewed the scientific aspect of this artifact and built a replica. Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui is a new model enhanced from the miniaturization development in the early Joseon Dynasty and can be applied to the southern part of the tropic line through a structure change.

Characterization of the European type of maternal lineage evident in extant Jeju native pigs

Byeong‐Woo Kim,In‐Cheol Cho,Moon‐Sung Park,Tao Zhong,임현태,Sung‐Soo Lee,Hee‐Bok Park,Moon‐Suck Ko,Jun‐Heon Lee,Jin‐Tae Jeon 한국유전학회 2011 Genes & Genomics Vol.33 No.2

Using a partial D‐loop sequence of mtDNA, an intensive analysis was conducted of the maternal lineages of Jeju native pigs (JNPs) from Korea. In total, 100 mtDNA sequences were obtained from Asian wild boars (AWBs), European wild boars (EWBs), Asian domestic pigs (ADPs), European domestic pigs (EDPs), and JNPs and were used for phylogeny and network analyses. Two distinct JNP groups - one (JNPA) in the Asian cluster and the other (JNPE) in the European cluster - were identified in the estimated phylogenetic tree and network. The maternal lineage of JNPE was the closest to that of EWB and a clear haplogroup was identified that shared an identical haplotype (hap04) among 15 individuals of JNPE and 2 individuals of EWB. A Landrace and an EWB shared hap03with a JNPE. EWB, Landrace, Large White, and Duroc formed two clear haplogroups with JNPE in a parsimonious medianjoining network analysis, suggesting that an obvious maternal contribution of EDP has occurred in JNPE in recent years. A pair‐wise mismatch analysis also indicated that JNPE may have experienced a sudden population expansion, suggesting a more recent establishment compared with the gradual population expansion of JNPA. The JNPE group therefore should be further evaluated in order to decide whether this group should be culled or accepted into further programs for maintenance of the JNP population as a pure breed.

Effect of Protein Source and Energy Substrates on the In Vitro Development of Bovine Embryos in a Two-step Culture System

Byeong-chunLee,Kwang-teakLim,Sung-keunKang,Woo-sukHwang 대한수의학회 2003 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.4 No.1

In this study,we examined the effects of a two-stepculture system, which involves the use of differentculture media for early cleavage and later stageembryos, on the in vitro development of bovineembryos. We also investigated the effect of glucose,phosphate and citrate on the in vitro early develop-mental period of bovine embryos in a two-stepculture system. Moreover, the supplementation ofdifferent protein sources (BSA-V, BSA-FAF and FBS)during IVC did not affect the frequency of blastocystdevelopment. Using two-step culture, embryos werecultured in protein-free media for an initial 5 days.This was then followed by the same culture media oran FBS supplemented media. The developmentalrates of blastocysts in the FBS containing group weresignificantly higher than in the replaced with noserum containing group. Embryos cultured in mSOFsupplemented with 1.5 mM glucose plus 1.2 mMphosphate were significantly inhibited.The inhibitionof developmental competence by glucose plus phos-phate was consistent with the existence of 0.5 mMsodium citrate. This study indicates that a two-stepculture system,which applies different conditions forearly cleavage embryos, i.e., serum-free media, vs.later stage embryos, with serum containing media,may be effective for in vitro production systems. Inaddition, the developmental competence of bovineembryos was depressed in the presence of glucoseplus phosphate as compared to either alone or theabsence of both. Therefore, the avoidance of thisnegative effect should allow more optimal conditionsto be developed for in vitro production.*Corresponding author: Byeong-chun Lee

慶南(경남) 河東(하동)의 儒脈(유맥)과 南冥學(남명학) 傳承(전승)

( Byeong Cheol Jeon ) 경상대학교 남명학연구소 2013 남명학연구 Vol.39 No.-

경남 하동 지역 유학자의 세기별 분포는 15세기 1명, 16세기 2명, 17세기 7명, 18세기 2명, 19세기 16명, 20세기 초 1명이다. 가장 비율이 높은 시기가 19세기이며, 그 다음이 17세기이다. 경남 지역은 南冥 曺植의 학문을 계승한 南冥學派가 주도적 역할을 담당하였는데, 남명학파의 성쇠에 따라 하동 지역의 유학자도 비례하여 산출되고 있는 점을 확인할 수 있다. 구역별 분포는 총 29명의 유학자 가운데 옥종면이 21명으로 가장 많으며, 그 다음으로 북천면이 6명, 금남면과 양보면이 각각 1명이다. 이 가운데 옥종면 안계리 출신의 유학자가 11명으로, 옥종면 유학자의 절반이 넘는 비율을 차지하며, 전체 하동군 유학자의 3분의 1에 해당한다. 이러한 통계를 근거해 볼 때, 하동 유학의 중심지는 옥종면이며, 그 중에서도 안계리가 핵심 지역이라고 규명해 볼 수 있다. 학맥 형성 양상을 살펴본다면, 남명학파 11명, 寒洲系列 4명, 蘆沙系列 5명, 星湖系列 3명, 尤庵系列 1명, 華西系列 1명, 기타 6명이 된다. 그러므로 하동 지역의 학파별 분포는 남명학파 및 南人 계열이 대다수를 차지하며, 그 다음으로 노사계열의 문인이 많은 비중을 가진다. 하동 지역의 남명학 전승과 관련해서는 안계마을 출신의 晉陽河氏 학자들이 家學을 통해 계승한 사실을 거론할 수 있다. 그리고 河達弘, 鄭瑀贇, 趙性家, 崔琡民, 姜柄周, 鄭敦均 등의 학자들이 서로 다른 학맥과 당파를 가지고 있었음에도 불구하고, 남명을 존숭하고 본받아 실천하려 한 점을 지적할 수 있다. According to the distribution of Confucian scholars in Hadong (河東)-gun, Gyeongnam (慶南) by century, the 15th century has one, the 16th century has two, the 17th century has 7, the 18th century has two, the 19th century has 16, and the early 20th century has one. The period that indicates the highest rate is the 19th century, and the next is the 17th century. In Gyeongnam area, Nammyeong (南冥) School that transmits Nammyeong Jo Sik’s studies has played the initiative roles. And we can see that Confucian scholars in Hadong area are produced proportionally to Nammyeong School’s rise and decline. About their distribution by area, Okjong-myeon has produced the most Confucian scholars, that is, 21 out of total 29. The next is Bukcheon-myeon as six, and Geumnam-myeon and Yangbo-myeon have produced one each. Among these, Confucian scholars from Angye-ri, Okjong-myeon are 11, so they are more than half of the Confucian scholars from Okjong-myeon. And they take up one third of the entire Confucian scholars from Hadong-gun. Based on the statistic data, we can establish that the center of Hadong Confucianism is Okjong-myeon, and in that area, Angye-ri has formed the core area. According to the aspects of formation of academic lines, Nammyeong School has 11, Hanju (寒洲) Affiliation has four, Nosa (蘆沙) Affiliation has five, Seongho (星湖) Affiliation has three, Wooam (尤庵) Affiliation has one, Hwaseo (華西) Affiliation has one, and the rest are six. Thus, according to the distribution of schools in Hadong-gun, Nammyeong School and Namin lines occupy the majority, and the next highest are literary men of Nosa Affiliation. About the transmission of Nammyeong studies in Hadong area, we can come up with the fact that Jinyanghassi Sajikgongpa (晉陽河氏 司直公派) scholars from Angye Village did transmit it by family learning. And we can also point out that scholars like Ha Dal-hong, Jeong Woo-bin, Jo Seong-ga, Choi Sook-min, Gang Byeong-ju, or Jeong Don-gyun did respect and emulate Nammyeong and tried to practice it even though they were from different academic lines or factions.

염상섭 『효풍』의 탈식민성 연구

김병구(Kim Byeong-goo) 韓國批評文學會 2009 批評文學 Vol.- No.33

This thesis’ aim is to explain the postcoloniality of the novel of Yeom Sang-seop, “A morning breeze”. In order to accomplish this aim, this thesis is focused to examine the way how Yeom Sang Seop’s narrative desire to revive national identity in “A morning breeze” is revealed in the dialectic relation between a cognitive structure and a emotive structure of text. The cognitive structure in “A morning breeze” is built by nationalist values that Park Byeong-jik, author’s ideological self pursues. That is to say, from his point of view, Yeom Sang Seop made an issue of the unfinished postcolonial situation and searched for a cause of the division of the Korean peninsula in liberation’ times that is symbolized ‘The 38th paralle’ in the cognitive level of “A morning breeze”. The world which is represented in “A morning breeze” is structured by the feelings of distrust and hatred which is implied in the rhetorical discourse of ‘a Red’, based on the Manichean dichotomy of good and evil, in a emotive structure’ level. In this context, Yeom Sang Seop is showing a desire to overcome the rhetorical discourse of ‘a Red’ which bring undue pressure upon the inside and consciousness , and revive a national identity.

성균관대학교박물관 소장 蘇東坡「白水山佛跡寺遊記」의 眞僞 문제

김병기(Kim, Byeong-Gi) 한국서예학회 2021 서예학연구 Vol.38 No.-

<논문요약> 성균관대학교박물관은 2020년 9월 18일부터 2020년 9월 24일까지 5일 동안 중국 송나라 蘇東坡의 작품이라며 「白水山佛跡寺遊記」 墨跡을 공개했다. 이에 대해, 동국대 불교학술원 연구원인 윤성훈 선생이 「소동파 글씨 특유의 개성 찾을 수 없는 모방작-최근 공개된 ‘백수산불적사유기’의 진위를 검토함」이라는 글을 통해 의문을 제기했다. 본고는 윤성훈의 의견에 동의하면서 「白水山佛遊記」가 가진 몇 가지 문제점을 더 지적하였다. 소동파 당시에는 아직 작품을 완성하고 자신의 이름이나 자호를 낙관인으로 찍은 풍조가 정착되지 않았기 때문에 작품에 이름이나 字와 號를 갖춰 새긴 인장을 찍은 사례는 극히 드물고 현전하는 몇 개의 사례도 사실상 후대 사람들이 찍은 것이다. 따라서 「白水山佛跡寺遊記」의 말미 ‘東坡居士眉山蘇軾書’ 아래에 찍은 ‘子瞻’과 ‘東坡居士’라는 인장은 결코 蘇東坡 당년에 소동파 스스로 찍은 도장이 아니다. 「白水山佛跡寺遊記」는 송나라 휘종 宣和연간에 황실에서 소장하던 작품에 적용한 ‘宣和裝裱’를 따른 것처럼 꾸몄고 ‘宣和七璽’를 흉내 낸 3顆의 인장을 찍었으나 모두 ‘宣和七璽’와는 판이한 가짜이다. 사용한 인주의 색깔도 근래에 한꺼번에 찍었을 때에 나타나는 인주색이다. 『蘇東坡全集』에는 「白水山佛跡寺遊記」라는 제목의 기행문을 따로 수록되어 있지 않다. 「和陶淵明歸園田居詩」에 붙인 小序에 유람 내력이 기록되어 있을 뿐이다. 성균관대학교박물관 소장의 「白水山佛跡寺遊記」에 쓰인 문장은 후대 사람들이 선인의 여행담을 들은 대로 적은 필기소설류의 글에 보일 뿐이다. 무엇보다도 필획이나 결구, 장법 등 모든 면에서 소동파의 글씨와는 판이하다. 「白水山佛跡寺遊記」은 처음부터 소동파의 작품이 아니었다. 후대에 만들어진 贋作(僞作)이다. Abstract The Authenticity of The Sudongpo A Trip to Baeksusan Buljeok Temple , in the Possession of Sungkyunkwan University Kim Byeong-gi The museum of Sungkyunkwan University said that it was the work of the Song-dynasty period Sudongpo, unveiled A Trip to Baeksusan Buljeok Temple . Yoon Seong-hoon suggested that this work was an imitation, and I proved that it was a forgery in the paper.. At the end of the work, the Zizhan and Dongpojushi stamps taken under written by Misan Sudongpo are not stamps taken in the year of Sudongpo. The surface represents the mounting of Seonhwa period , but it is far from the actual mounting of Seonhwa period , and the stamp is much different from Seven stamps from the Seonhwa period . The colors of the red stamping ink are all the same, so it seems to have been taken uniformly recently. Sudongpo Full Collection does not contain an article titled A Trip to Baeksusan Buljeok Temple . There is only a record of the cruise in the preface attached to Answer to Tao Yan-ming s Return to Homecoming.. It is different from Sudongpo s writing in all aspects, including strokes, letter forms, and composition of the entire work. A Trip to Baeksusan Buljeok Temple can never be authentic to Sudongpo.

A Study of the Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui (兩景揆日儀) in the Joseon Dynasty

Lee, Yong Sam,Kim, Sang Hyuk,Mihn, Byeong-Hee The Korean Space Science Society 2015 Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol.32 No.1

The Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui (兩景揆日儀) is a kind of elevation sundial using three wooden plates. Sang-hyeok Lee (李尙爀, 1810~?) and Byeong-cheol Nam (南秉哲, 1817~1863) gave descriptions of this sundial and explained how to use it in their Gyu-il-go (揆日考) and Ui-gi-jip-seol (儀器輯說), respectively. According to Gyu-il-go (揆日考) there are two horizontal plates and two vertical plates that have lines of season and time. Subseasonal (節候) lines are engraved between seasonal (節氣) lines, subdividing the interval into three equal lines of Cho-hu (初候, early subseason), Jung-hu (中候, mid subseason) and Mal-hu (末候, late subseason); there are 13 seasonal lines for a year, thus resulting in 37 subseasonal lines; also, there are 12 double-hour (時辰) lines for a day engraved on these plates. The only remaining artifact of Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui was made in 1849 (the $15^{th}$ year of Heon-jong) and is kept at the Korea University Museum. We have compared and analyzed Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui and similar western sundials. Also, we have reviewed the scientific aspect of this artifact and built a replica. Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui is a new model enhanced from the miniaturization development in the early Joseon Dynasty and can be applied to the southern part of the tropic line through a structure change.

복근 운동의 방법에 따른 상하부 복직근의 근활성도 비교

정병옥 ; 안병옥 김천대학교 2009 김천대학교 논문집 Vol.30 No.-

Objective: The purpose of study was to verify the most effective abdominal muscles exercise by comparing the activity of upper and lower rectus abdominus according to four types of exercise (dynamic and static double leg raise, dynamic and static curl-ups exercise). Design and Setting: A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine significant differences of activity between each muscles during each of the four different exercises Tukey HSD was then applied (p<.05). All testing was performed in a college laboratory Subjects: Ten healthy students were recruited and each subjects performed four types of exercises. Measurements: Surface EMG activity was recorded from the both upper and lower rectus abdominus while the 4 exercisesdynamic and static double leg raise, dynamic and static curl-ups exercises were performed in different positions (dynamic and static supports). The static position was supine in the crook-lying position, the dynamic position was supine in the crook-lying position, and pelvic supported on a balance pad. peak activity was normalized to a maximum voluntary isometric contraction for upper and lower rectus abdominus. Results: For the rectus abdominus, there was an interaction between position and activity. The EMG amplitude of upper rectus abdominus was high in static curl-ups exercise. EMG amplitude of lower rectus abdominus was high in static curl-ups exercise. The type of dynamic double leg raise did affect the activity of lower rectus abdominus. Conclusion: The type of static curl-ups was more effective than dynamic curl-ups exercise. The type of double leg raise usually was thought to strengthen of lower abdominus.

銀杏葉의 家兎 皮膚 接觸性炎症 誘發 毒性物質에 關한 硏究

白秉杰,金秉洙,金善熙,安丙浚 충남대학교 암연구소 1991 癌共同硏究所 硏究誌 Vol.1 No.1

Gingko biloba is one of the oldest trees on earth. It can be traced 300 million years or more into past. In recent years, this tree has become increasingly popular because of its longevity. Amount of comsumption of Gingko leaves in Korea is increased to produce drugs for blood circulating system's disorder. The workers who work at the company of product drug with Gingko leaves complain pruritus at belt position of west, however toxic substance from extracts of Gingko biloba was carried out to determine what kind of the toxic substance from extract could induce a contact dermatitis by means of histopathological study. Dried leaves of Korean G. biloba were exhaustively extracted with chloroform. The aqueous chloroform residue was extracted with hexane. After evaporation, the hexane extract was passed through a silica gel column chromatography, it was separated into 9 fractions by means of gradient solvent (benzene: acetone/ 98~93 : 2~7%). The 4th and 7th fraction were idendified as bilibol and gingkolic acid by silica gel thin layer chromatography and NMR spectrophotometer. The 4th and 7th fractions of Korean Gingko leaves have an irritant substances which can be induced ear swelling and increased thickness of stratum cornium of rabbit ear exposed with the fractions (3 time/3 day, 100μl of 50mg/ml ethyl alcohol). In the 4th fraction, the substance have induced the surface of ear to swell and mass of unknown cell like inflammatory cell were infiltrated within the stratum corneum, and the 7th fraction have the surface of ear to loss the hairs, and sebaceous gland and follicle of hair were infiltrated with inflammatory cells, and other fractions at all did not induced a certain contact dermatitis and also Deutschen drug of Gingko (named as Gerigeron) have induced the contact dermatitis such as dematitis of Korean Gingko extract.

사출성형 공정에 따른 Bobbin의 변형에 관한 연구

김병곤,민병현 동의대학교 산업기술개발연구소 2001 産業技術硏究誌 Vol.15 No.-

Warpage analysis of bobbin, molded by injection molding process was performed. Cooling system capable of the balance of polymer melt was designed based on Taguchi method, the distance between cavity wall and cooling channel was most influent factor amongst four design variables. Optimal packing process to reduce the warpage of molded part was analyzed based on the response surface method by considering holding time, persistence time up-to no-flow temperature, persistence time up-to ejecting temperature, and holding pressure. Optimal conditions of those were 9.4 seconds, 5.3 seconds, 15.2 seconds, and 85MPa, respectively.