http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Left Branch Extraction in Multiple Fragments and Its Implications for Island Violations in Korean
Bum-Sik Park,Sei-Rang Oh 한국언어학회 2016 언어 Vol.41 No.1
Park, Bum-Sik & Oh, Sei-Rang. 2015. Left Branch Extraction in Multiple Fragments and Its Implications for Island Violations in Korean. Korean Journal of Linguistics, 41-1, 1-18. In this paper, we investigate the restricted distribution of fragments that undergo Left Branch Extraction (LBE). As observed by Park and Kim (2015a), in multiple fragments only the final fragment can be LBEed. We argue that the restricted distribution is observed because LBE induces a PF-effect on the intervening element between the LBEed fragment and the Left Branch Island. In multiple fragments, the non-final LBEed fragment always involves the configuration where the final fragment counts as a surviving intervenor after ellipsis takes place in PF. By contrast, appearing in the final position, the final fragment can be LBEed with the potential intervenors eliminated under ellipsis, giving rise to a repair effect. The analysis partially supports Fox and Lasnik (2003), but not Merchant (2008) or Chomsky (1972), in the sense that certain illegitimate movement has a PF effect on the intervening element. Examining interactions between LBE and relative clause island, we also provide an account for a certain asymmetry regarding the island-(in)sensitivity. (Dongguk University & Gyeongsang National University)
非晶質 Silicon 薄膜의 製作 및 그 Doping 效果
최범식,김수길,고년규,황정남,정원모,이철주 연세대학교 자연과학연구소 1982 學術論文集 Vol.9 No.-
SiH_4 기체에 PH_3 및 B_2H_6 기체를 0.7% 체적비로 혼합하여 rf glow 방전법으로 n형 및 p형 a-Si:H 박막을 기판온도 120℃에서 제작하여, 광투과도 측정, 열처리에 따른 전기 전도도의 변화 등을 조사하여 이들의 doping 효과를 연구하였다. n형, p형 및 undoped a-Si:H 박막의 optical gap은 각각 1.73eV, 1.86eV 및 1.86eV로 doping이 많이 이루어질수록 줄어 들었다. 250℃에서 열처리한 시료들의 상온에서의 전도도는 각각 2×10^-2Ω^-1㎝^-1, 5×10^-8Ω^-1㎝^-1, 5×10^-7Ω^-1㎝^-1이었고, 활성화 에너지 ??E는 각각 0.16eV, 0.49eV 및 0.48eV이었다. 300℃에서 열처리한 결과, ??E는 줄어 들고 전도도는 증가하였다. 350℃ 및 450℃에서 열처리한 결과 dehydrogenation 효과로 인하여 n형과 p형은 서로 상반되는 결과를 보였다. 즉, n형 시료의 전도도는 감소하고 ??E는 증가하였지만, P형 시료의 전도도는 증가하고 ??E는 감소하였다. 저온 영역에서 구한 n형 시료의 전도도로부터 hopping 활성화 에너지를 구한 결과 0.085eV이었다. Thin n-type and p-type a-Si:H films were prepared by rf glow discharge decomposition of silane mixed with 7×10^-3 parts per volume of phospine or diborane. All specimens were deposited on glass substrates held at 120℃. In order to determine the doping effects the opital absorption and dc conductivity of these specimens were measured after annealing at various temperatures. The optical gap was 1.73eV in the case of the n-type specimens, 1.80eV for the p-type, and 1.86eV undoped. This showed that the gap width decreased as the doping increased. The room temperatuer conductivities of these specimens annealed at 250℃ were 2×10^-2Ω^-1㎝^-1, 5×10^-8Ω^-1㎝^-1, and 5×10^-7Ω^-1㎝^-1, respectively, and the activation energies, ??E, of these specimens were 0.16eV, 0.49eV, and 0.48eV, respectively. For specimens annealed at 300℃, ??E decreased and the conductivity increased. When these specimens were annealed at 350℃ and 450℃, dehydrogenation caused opposite effects on the n-type and p-type specimens; the conductivities of n-type specimens decreased and ??E increased, but the conductivities of p-type specimens increased and ??E decreased.From an investigation of the temperature dependence of the conductivity of the n-type specimen in the low temperature region, we determined that the hopping activation energy was 0.085eV.
FEA와 다이나모메터를 이용한 자동차 디스크 브레이크의 열적 거동에 관한 연구
박범식,손영지,장성규,전언찬 한국공작기계학회 2000 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2000 No.-
While braking cars, a large amount of energy is taken into the brake system in a short period of time. This leads to some problems ; cracking of the disc, non-uniform wear of pad and disc, fade. Thus it is important to measure the contact thermal behaviour precisely between disc and pad. The measurements must be considered to design the brake system. The paper describes methods to analysis the problem of the thermal behavior on the ventilated disc with ANSYS-a program of FEA and a brake dynamometer. According to this way, the paper can present the error between the data by the dynamometer and the results of analysis by ANSYS.
스포츠 집단 수준에 따른 응집력 및 성원만족도와 팀성공의 관계 : 대내경기 집단과 대교경기 집단을 중심으로
김범식,유재충 경희대학교 사회체육연구소 1996 體育科學論叢 Vol.- No.9
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between group cohesiveness, member satisfaction and team success. In order to meet this purpose, the following four subsequent research questions were explored : 1) the difference of group cohesion in the intramural and interscholastic group 2) the difference of member's satisfaction in the intramural and interscholastic group 3) the relationship group cohesion and member's satisfaction according to the level of sport group 4) the relationship group cohesion, member satisfaction and team success bared on level of sport group. The subjects of this study were sampled 94 students and 88 athletic students(total 182 persons) using the random sampling. The data collected questionnaire designed for this study were considered of response to items constructed to represent each variable. Statistics employed in this study was t-test and multiple regression. The findings of this study were as follows: First, friendship, influence, sense of belonging, teamwork, closeness, and value of membership were singnificantly different. Second, the level of sport group showed that a significant difference of member's satisfaction. Member's play satisfaction, member's position satisfaction, and member's belonging satisfaction were significantly different. Third, group cohesion influenced on member's satisfaction. Group cohesion influenced member's play satisfaction, member's position satisfaction, and member's belonging satisfaction among the sub-factors of member's satisfaction in intramural group. Group cohesion influenced member's position satisfaction and member's belonging satisfaction in interscholastic group. Fourth, group cohesion and member's satisfaction influenced team success in intramural and interscholastic group.
최범식 전주대학교 자연과학종합연구소 1997 전주대학교 자연과학연구소 학술논문집 Vol.10 No.1
The initial growth and oxidation of ultra thin films of Sn on clean Si(111) 7 x 7 surface were studied by XPS(X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) and LEED (Low Energy Electron Diffraction) techniques. Sn overlayers grew layer by layer at least 2 ML(monolayer) at room temperature. After annealing, however 3-D islands grew on Sn monolayer base, and Sri did not diffuse into the silicon in contrast to the Sn/GaAs system. One monolayer of Sn on Si(111) showed much less oxidation rate than those of bulk, but the oxidation rate of 2-D islands of submonolayer Sn was enhanced substantially.
이용식,오연풍,이범제 師範大學 體育硏究所 1997 서울大學校 體育硏究所論集 Vol.18 No.1
The purpose of this study was to examine relation of participation in sport for all and job satisfaction of professors. The subjects of the study were 119 professors who worked at "S" university located in seoul. A questionnaire was designed to measure relation of participation in sport for all and job satisfaction. The questionnaire consisted of three main sections: (a) sochi-demographic characteristics, (b) questions concerning participation in sport for all, (c) job satisfaction. The reliability coefficients of the questionnaire was .7549. The data were analysis with covariance analysis and multiple classification analysis. Results obtained from this research are as follows: 1. Participation in sport for all has positive effect on job satisfaction. 2. The degree (frequency, duration, intensity) of participation in sport for all has no effect on job satisfaction.
장기간 요가운동이 알코올의존자의 면역글로블린에 미치는 영향
민범일,김홍식,김성곤 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.1
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Yoga exercise on Immunoglobulin(IgE, IgM, IgD, IgG, IgA) in the alcoholism. The subjects involved in this study consists of 14 people who were confirmed to have alcohol-related problems by DSM-Ⅳ(1994) of American Psychiatric Association and were diagnosed as alcoholism in hospital. The subjects were classified into yoga exercise group(7 people) and control group(7 people). The yoga exercise group participated in the exercise programs named Hatayoga and Asana. This treatment was performed an hour per day, three days a week for 16 weeks while the control group watched TV for the same time. A paired t-test was used to examine differences between pre, post 8weeks and post 16weeks test scores. The results are as follows. After 16 week yoga exercise, there was a significant increase(p<.01) of Immunoglobulin (IgM, IgA(p<.05) & IgG) in the experiment group, compared with the control group. In terms of periodic change, the experiment group showed a significant higher result(p<.01) than the control group after 16 weeks, rather than after the 8 weeks. The result of this study above indicates that the long-term low intensity exercise can activate Immunoglobulint in alcoholism.
김범식 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1992 論文集 Vol.43 No.1
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of direct participation in sport on the desirable familism The samples (N=1050), randomly selected from Seoul, Daegoo, and Kwangju in Korea, were divided into three subgroups such as participants in organized sport (athletes, N=423), participants in non-organized sport (N=166), non-participants (N=461). The instrument was organized on the basis of the questionnaire of Heller(1976), Ok, SunWha(1985, 1989), Park, Eun-Sook(1984). A-self-evaluation-reporting-questionnaire was composed of 16 items on 4 factors (Family Priority : FP, Family Continuity : FC, Respect to Parents : RP, Family Solidarity : FS) of familism. Likert's 5 point scale method was used to evaluate the data. The standardization for the questionnaire was tested in cronbach's a((=.9206). The statistical methodes to analyze the data were ANOVA and Discriminant Analysis at the .05 significant level. The results were as follows : It was indicated that athletes showed the highest evaluation on familism among three groups(P<.001). The percent of grouped cases correctly classified by all the factors of familism was 47.67, and FC(.6629) was the most robust factor of familism in standard canonical discriminant function coefficients 1) With regard to gender, athletes showed the highest evaluation on familism(P <.05) among three groups in the case of male or female. 2) With regard to social class, athletes showed the highest evaluation on familism(P<.05). But participants in non-organized sport showed the highest evaluation on FP(P<.01), FC(P<.001), and RP(P<.01) in the case of middle class. 3) With the regard to residence, athletes showed the highest evaluation on familism(P<. 05). But participants in non-organized sport showed the highest evaluation RP(P<.001) in the case of metropolitan residents or FS(P<.01) in the case of small city residents.
최형식,정범석,김한규,송현주,이재원,김창윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.5
연구배경: 주의력은 인지적인 정보처리과정(information processing)의 가장 기본적인 단계이다. 반응시간 (reaction time)은 주의력을 가장 잘 반영하는 검사 중 하나로서, 자극이 제시된 후 반응이 시작되기까지 반응 여부를 결정하는데 걸리는 시간인 판단 시간(decision time)과 반응이 시작되면서 목표에 도달할 때까지 시간인 운동시간(motor time)으로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 기존의 연구결과로는, 정신분열병 환자군에서 반응시간의 수행이 떨어져 있다는 보고는 많이 되어왔으나 차이가 없다는 보고도 있으며, 판단시간과 운동시간 중 어느 부분에 장애가 있는지 명확하지 않다. 또한 반응시간 측정값은 질병의 진단적 유형(diagnostic subtype), 증상, 경과 등의 영향을 받으며 개체간의 변동(inter-individual variation)이 크고, 같은 피험자라도 측정시점이 다를 때마다 차이를 보이는 개체내 변동(intra-individual variation)이 커서 검사결과마다 차이를 보이고 있는 상태이다. 목적: 환자군은 개체간 변동이 크고 다른 임상적 요소에 의해 영향받는 점을 고려하여, 임상적으로 안정적인 경과에 있는 정신분열병 환자만을 대상으로 정상인 군과 반응시간의 차이를 비교하고자 하였다. 또한 반응시간을 판단시간과 운동시간으로 나누어 측정하여 각각을 비교분석 하고자 하였고, 개체내 변동이 큰점을 고려하여 25회 반복 측정을 실시하고 이에 따른 변동의 경향성을 조사하고자 하였다. 방법: DSM-Ⅳ에 의해 '정신분열병'으로 진단된 환자로서, 급성기 이후 항정신병약물을 유지하고 있으며BPRS(brief psychiatric rating scale) 30점 이하의 임상적으로 안정적인 상태가 3개월 이상 유지된10명이 환자군으로 포함되었고, 정상인은 자원자 10명이 포함되었다. 검사도구는 비엔나 테스트 시스템 반응유닛(Reation Unit) 파라미터 S8을 이용하였다. 총 6가지의 자극이 무작위로 1측정시기(session) 당 총 32회 주어지고, 피험자는 이중 특정 자극에 8번만 반응하도록 되어 있다. 시작 전 1회 연습 후 총 25측정시기를 5분 간격으로 반복하였다. 반응 시간을 판단시간과 운동시간의 합으로 정의하고 세 가지 모두 컴퓨터를 이용하여 자동 측정되었다. 반응·판단·운동 시간의 비교에는 반복 측정을 고려한 분산분석(repeated measures analysis of variance)을 사용하였다. 결과: 환자군은 정상인에 비하여 유의하게 반응시간의 수행속도가 저하되어 있었다(p<0.01). 판단시간과 운동시간으로 나누어 볼 때, 환자군에서 판단시간이 유의하게 느렸고(p<0.01), 운동시간은 수행저하의 경향을 보였으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 25회 반복측정시 양군 모두 측정시기에 따른 유의한 변화를 보였고(p<0.01), 환자군의 반응시간은 개체간의 차이뿐 아니라 개체내 변동이 큰 경향을 보였다. 옳게 반응한 횟수(correct response)는 환자군에서 저하되는 경향을 보였으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 고찰: 정신분열병 환자군에서 판단시간이 유의하게 저하된 것은, 반응시간의 저하가 운동요소 보다는 인지적 요소에 의한 것임을 시사하는 것으로, 정보처리과정의 기본적인 단계인 주의력 장애를 보여주는 것으로 생각된다. 비교적 안정적이고 임상적인 특성이 동일한 환자군에서도 반응시간이 대조군에 비해 큰 개체간 차이와 개체내 변동성의 경향을 보였으며, 이는 단순한 측정오차라기 보다는 정신분열병 환자군의 인지기능의 특성을 반영하는 것으로 생각된다. 중심단어:정신분열병·반응시간·판단시간·운동시간·개체간 변동·개체내 변동. The reaction time(RT) has been known to reflect attention that controls the flow of information processing. Extensive research has demonstrated cognitive impairment in schizophr-enia subjects using RT taske. However, little work has been done examining the relative contribution of DT(decision time) and MT(motor time) to slowed RT in schizophrenics. Also, recent investigators have observed that schizophrenic patients exhibit larger intra-individual variability in RT than do normal comparison subjects. The purpose of this study, using multi-stimulus convergent RT task, was to explore the speed of RT, relative contribution of decision time(DT) and motor time(MT) to slowed RT, overall sequential profile in 25 repeated-time measurements in 10 schizophrenic out-patients and 10 normal control subjects. Overall reaction time and decision time were slower in schizophrenic subjects than in normal controls. The motor time was not shown to be significantly different between the two groups with 0.05 significance level, although there was some trend indicating schizophrenic subjects were slower consistently in repreated measurements over time. These results suggested that the slower reaction time in schizophrenic subjects was mostly determined by cognitive component, decision time rather than motor time. Sequential profile of repeated measurements showed greater intraindividual and interindividual variations in schizphrenics than in normal controls. These results indicate that high variabilities are not merely measurement errors but characteristic of schizophrenic psychopathology. KEY WORDS: Schizophrenia·Reaction time·Decision time·Motor time·Inter-individual variation·Intra-individual variation.