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Composite Behavior of Multiple Memristor Circuits
Budhathoki, Ram Kaji,Sah, Maheshwar Pd,Adhikari, Shyam Prasad,Hyongsuk Kim,Chua, Leon IEEE 2013 IEEE transactions on circuits and systems. a publi Vol.60 No.10
<P>Composite characteristics of the parallel and serial connections of memristors are investigated. The memristor is one of the fundamental electrical elements, which has recently been successfully built. However, its electrical characteristics are not yet fully understood. When multiple memristors are connected to each other, the composite behavior of the devices becomes complicated and is difficult to predict, due to the polarity dependent nonlinear variation in the memristance of individual memristors. In this work, we investigate the relationships among flux, charge, and memristance of diverse composite memristors, using both linear and nonlinear memristor models, and analyze the characteristics of complex memristor circuits.</P>
Ram Kaji Budhathoki,Maheshwar Pd. Sah,김주홍(Juhong Kim),김형석(Hyongsuk Kim) 大韓電子工學會 2012 電子工學會論文誌-SD (Semiconductor and devices) Vol.49 No.5
저항, 콘덴서, 및 인턱터와 함께 4의 회로 소자로 알려진 멤리스터가 개발되었으나, 아직 그 전기적 특성이 충분히 해석되지 않고 있다. 멤리스터들은 연결된 극성에 따라서 저항이 증가 혹은 감소하며, 직렬 혹은 병렬연결 형태에 따라서 그 동작 특성이 다양해진다. 본 연구에서는 HP의 TiO2 멤리스터를 모델로 하여 다양한 직 병렬회로에 대한 전기적 특성을 분석하였다. 이를 위해서 사인파 입력신호에 대해서 나타나는 전압-전류 간의 히스테르시스 루프의 다양한 모양을 분석하였다. 본 멤리스터 연구결과는 멤리스터 소자에 대한 특성 이해와 논리 회로 및 뉴런 셀에의 응용회로들의 특성을 분석하는데 유용하게 사용될 수 있다. Memristor which is known as fourth basic circuit element has been developed recently but its electrical characteristics are not still fully understood. Memristor has the incremental and decremental feature of the resistance depending upon the connected polarities. Also, its operational behavior become diverse depending on its connection topologies. In this work, electrical characteristics of diverse types of serial and parallel connections are investigated using the HP TiO2 model. The characteristics are analyzed with pinched hystersis loops on the V-I plane when sine input signal is applied. The results of the work would be utilized usefully for analyzing the characteristics of memristor element and applications to logic circuit and neuron cells.
Assessing Bank Competition in Nepal Using Panzar-Rosse Model
Prem Bahadur BUDHATHOKI,Chandra Kumar RAI,Arjun RAI 한국유통과학회 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.11
The purpose of this study is to assess the state of competition in Nepalese banking over the period from 2010 to 2019. This study employs panel data and a non-structural Panzar-Rosse model to measure the degree of competition in the Nepalese banking industry. The first reduced-form equation is applied to gauge competition, and the second model is used to test the long-run equilibrium in the banking market. The finding reveals that the Nepalese banking market is equilibrium in the long-run. It implies that the factor prices do not affect ROA in the long-run. The result of the H-statistic shows that the Nepalese banking system is operating under the state of perfect competition and is shifted from monopolistic competition to perfect competition. The reduced-form model reveals that the interest income is positive and significantly affected by factor prices. Similarly, the macroeconomic variable GDP growth is positively related to interest income. On the contrary, the bank’s specific factors risk and the number of bank branches are inversely associated with the regressand. The outcomes of the study may be advantageous to the policymakers, especially to Nepal Rastra Bank to implement monetary policy and M&A policy for the stability and growth of the financial system of Nepal.
Morbidity patterns among the welders of eastern Nepal
Shyam Sundar Budhathoki,Suman Bahadur Singh,Surya Raj Niraula,Paras K. Pokharel 대한직업환경의학회 2016 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.28 No.-
Background: Welding process has many hazards that the welders are exposed to resulting in numbers of health effects and diseases. Safety measures and practices among welders are important ways of preventing or reducing the health hazards associated with this occupation. We conducted this study to find out the morbidity patterns among the welders working in eastern Nepal. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 300 welders using semi structured questionnaire. Morbidity categories were classified based on symptoms experienced in past 6 months. Results: All the welders learned welding by apprenticeship, without any formal health and safety training. Injury was the most common problem at work followed by skin problems and eye symptoms. Age of the welders, duration of employment & welding hours per day were associated with the morbidities among the welders. Conclusions: There is a need for occupational health services for welders in Nepal. While further research may be required to make policy recommendations, the current study provides a baseline morbidity burden among these welders to look for interventions to promote health and safety at work for this neglected group of workers in Nepal.
Transient Behavior of Serial and Parallel Memristor Circuits
람 카지 부다토키(Ram Kaji Budhathoki),마헤스워 샤파라(Maheshwar Prasad Sah),양창주(Changju Yang),김용진(Yongjin Kim),김형석(Hyongsuk Kim) 제어로봇시스템학회 2013 제어로봇시스템학회 각 지부별 자료집 Vol.2013 No.12
When input voltage/current is supplied to a circuit with multiple memristors, the composite behavior of the memristor circuit exhibits transient states before it enters a steady state. During the transient state period, the behavior is very complex and not predictable due to each memristor`s different action depending upon its connection polarity and initial state. In this paper, the transient characteristics of a composite memristor are analyzed via the relationships of charge, flux and memristance of each memristor. Also, a general computation method of composite memristance for multiple-memristor circuits of diverse configurations is proposed.
Charge Controlled Meminductor Emulator
Sah, Maheshwar Pd.,Budhathoki, Ram Kaji,Yang, Changju,Kim, Hyongsuk The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2014 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.14 No.6
Emulations of memristor-family elements are very important, since their physical realizations are very difficult to achieve with recent technologies. Although some previous studies succeeded in designing memristor and memcapacitor emulators, no significant contribution towards meminductor emulator has been presented so far. The implementation of a meminductor emulator is very important, since real meminductors are not expected to appear in near future. We designed the first meminductor emulator whose inductance can be varied by an external current source without employing any memrisitve system. The principle of our architecture and its feasibility have been verified using SPICE simulation.
Analysis of Electrical Features of Serially and Parallelly connected Memristor Circuits
람 카지 부다토키,마헤스워 사,김주홍,김형석,Budhathoki, Ram Kaji,Sah, Maheshwar Pd.,Kim, Ju-Hong,Kim, Hyong-Suk The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2012 電子工學會論文誌-CI (Computer and Information) Vol.49 No.5
저항, 콘덴서, 및 인턱터와 함께 4의 회로 소자로 알려진 멤리스터가 개발되었으나, 아직 그 전기적 특성이 충분히 해석되지 않고 있다. 멤리스터들은 연결된 극성에 따라서 저항이 증가 혹은 감소하며, 직렬 혹은 병렬연결 형태에 따라서 그 동작 특성이 다양해진다. 본 연구에서는 HP의 $TiO_2$ 멤리스터를 모델로 하여 다양한 직 병렬회로에 대한 전기적 특성을 분석하였다. 이를 위해서 사인파 입력신호에 대해서 나타나는 전압-전류 간의 히스테르시스 루프의 다양한 모양을 분석하였다. 본 멤리스터 연구결과는 멤리스터 소자에 대한 특성 이해와 논리 회로 및 뉴런 셀에의 응용회로들의 특성을 분석하는데 유용하게 사용될 수 있다. Memristor which is known as fourth basic circuit element has been developed recently but its electrical characteristics are not still fully understood. Memristor has the incremental and decremental feature of the resistance depending upon the connected polarities. Also, its operational behavior become diverse depending on its connection topologies. In this work, electrical characteristics of diverse types of serial and parallel connections are investigated using the HP $TiO_2$ model. The characteristics are analyzed with pinched hystersis loops on the V-I plane when sine input signal is applied. The results of the work would be utilized usefully for analyzing the characteristics of memristor element and applications to logic circuit and neuron cells.