Does Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenic Protein 2 Affect Perioperative Blood Loss after Lumbar and Thoracic Spinal Fusion?

Brett Freedman,Bayard Carlson,William Robinson,Mohamad Bydon,Michael Yaszemski,Paul Huddleston,Brett Freedman 대한척추외과학회 2018 Asian Spine Journal Vol.12 No.5

Study Design: Retrospective cohort design. Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether recombinant human bone morphogenic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) reduces total perioperative blood loss during lumbar and thoracic fusion. Overview of Literature: Previous studies on rhBMP-2 versus iliac crest bone grafting in thoracic and lumbar fusions have yielded mixed results regarding reductions in blood loss and have largely neglected the postoperative period when analyzing total blood loss. Additionally, these studies have been limited by heterogeneity and sample size. Methods: We analyzed the blood loss patterns of 617 consecutive adult patients undergoing lumbar and/or thoracic fusions requiring subfascial drain placement at a single institution from January 2009 to December 2016. Patients were divided into BMP and non-BMP cohorts, and a propensity score analysis was conducted to account for the differences between cohorts. Results: At a per-level fused basis, the BMP group exhibited a significant reduction in the intraoperative (66.1 mL per-level fused basis; 95% confidence interval [CI], 127.9 to 4.25 mL; p =0.036) and total perioperative blood loss (100.7 mL per-level fused basis; 95% CI, 200.9 to 0.5 mL; p =0.049). However, no significant differences were observed in an analysis when not controlling for the number of levels or when examining the postoperative drain output. Conclusion: RhBMP-2 appears to reduce both intraoperative and total blood loss during lumbar and thoracic fusions on a per-level fused basis. This total reduction in blood loss was achieved via intraoperative effects because RhBMP-2 had no significant effect on the postoperative drain output.

A COMPARISON OF THE NEEDS OF HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT STUDENTS BETWEEN FLEXIBLE AND TRADITIONAL HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS IN AUSTRALIAN UNIVERSITIES

Brett Walker,Timothy Jeonglyeol Lee 한국관광학회 2007 International Journal of Tourism Sciences Vol.7 No.1

This paper is to examine the assessment needs of students studying in hospitality management degrees at Australian universities. The paper investigates the concept of flexible delivery, and contextualising flexible assessment. It determines the size and scope of the population of hospitality programs in Australia and the efficient methodological approach. The findings indicated that the programs were only significantly different in the negotiation of the due date of an assessment item. The results revealed that both flexible and traditional programs failed to address the assessment needs of the students when examining the elements of assessment that they would have liked to be able to negotiate. The study suggests that the students should be provided with the option of negotiating the various assessment elements even though they might wish to change the offered alternatives.

"And therefore, being so masked . . . ": Whispering Rooms in The New Arcadia and Astrophil and Stella

Brett Conway 한국고전중세르네상스영문학회 2007 중세근세영문학 Vol.17 No.1

Conway This paper looks at literary constructions of gender, rhetoric, and male subjectivity in Philip Sidney's The New Arcadia and Astrophil and Stella, arguing that the writer dons a series of literary poses or masks to retain mastery in both works. The New Arcadia, however, deconstructs and exposes such poses, thereby calling into question the poet's authority. In the end, both The New Arcadia and Astrophil and Stella can be seen as being representative of the Early Modern literary tradition which often questioned rather than merely helped to prop up the dominant Tudor ideology. Philip Sidney's New Arcadia, a work in the pastoral genre, often comments on its own construction as a literary work. One part in the work showing this is Book 2, Chapter 2, the scene where Musidorus, disguised as the shepherd Dorus, recounts to Pyrocles, dressed as the Amazon Zelmane, his attempts to woo his beloved, Princess Pamela. In shepherd garb, he can't speak to Pamela freely, so talks to her through Mopsa, a shepherdess.Musidorus' means of story-telling echoes Sidney's own in Astrophil and Stella, where Sidney took on the role of Astrophil to woo Stella. As the sonnet sequence was written for the "dear ladies" who were Sidney's sister and the other women at her home in Wilton, Musidorus' account of wooing to his audience of Zelmane, who the narrator always refers to as "she" despite being a cross-dressed prince, compels one to wonder about how The New Arcadia echoes tropes and schemes found in the sonnet sequence. The New Arcadia more than echoes the sonnets, however, since the object of Musidorus' affection, Pamela, unlike Stella, does have a voice and calls the rhetorical poses of her suitor into question.(Namseoul University)

Use of ATOVS Radiances in the Global Model at BMRC

Brett Harris 한국기상학회 1999 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1999 No.-

Clostridium difficile Infection: Incidence in an Australian Setting

Brett G. Mitchell 한국간호과학회 2014 Asian Nursing Research Vol.8 No.3

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in anAustralian hospital and highlight considerations for other Asian countries that are considering establishingor modifying existing CDI surveillance programs. Methods: An observational study design with dynamic population was used. Data from all personshospitalized for more than 48 hours over 4 years in a tertiary hospital in Australia were analyzed. Personswith healthcare associated, healthcare facility onset CDIs were identified. The calculation of the relativerisk was performed to compare the occurrence of CDI in different groups. Results: Of the total 58,942 admissions examined, 158 admissions had CDI. The incidence of CDI per1,000 admissions for the entire study period was 2.68 (95% confidence interval [2.28, 3.13]). There was astatistically significant increase in the incidence of CDI in 2010 compared to that of 2007 (p < .001). Theincidence of CDI increased from the 30e39-year age group onwards. Conclusion: Comparisons between this study and others are challenging due to the lack of standardizeddefinitions for CDI internationally. Noting the increases of CDI internationally and the associated mortality,there is increasing importance to monitor and report the incidence of this infection worldwide.

Anomalous Biceps Femoris Tendon Insertion Leading to a Snapping Knee in a Young Male

( Brett A Fritsch Fracs ),( Vikram Mhaskar Ms ) 대한슬관절학회 2017 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.29 No.2

Snapping biceps femoris tendon is an uncommon problem that can be caused by various anatomical aberrations around the knee joint. There are several case reports in the literature describing some of these anatomical variations and their treatment. We present a case of unilateral snapping biceps femoris tendon due to a previously unreported anatomical variation, our technique for successful surgical treatment, and a review of the literature.

Lithium, an Emerging Environmental Contaminant, is Mobile in the Soil - Plant System

Brett Robinson,Rohith Yalamanchali,Nick Dickinson 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Examining Instructional Factors That Develop Environmental Attitudes, Behaviors, and Knowledge:

Brett W. Cease 위기관리 이론과 실천 2016 Journal of Safety and Crisis Management Vol.6 No.2

Future generations are inheriting a world filled with complex, environmental decisions to make on a global scale. In response, curriculum focused on humanity’s relationship with the environment is one of the fastest trending areas within higher education. Uniquely within the Minnesota State Colleges and Universities (MNSCU) system, all four-year universities require students to enroll in a “People and the Environment” course that contains learning outcomes focused on contemporary environmental challenges as well as the interconnectedness between the natural environment and human society. The current research examined these courses across three MNSCU universities through administering a pre- and post-course instrument to students that measured growth in environmental knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. The results indicate statistically significant differences between participants’ pre- and post- environmental knowledge scores, especially when compared to a larger sample of Minnesotans. Additionally, a post-course instrument administered to the faculty regarding their instructional methods suggests that specific instructional methods—including team teaching—were correlated with significant gains in student learning outcomes. Overall, the study reveals specific approaches in evaluating learning outcomes as well as best practices for future coursework based on environmental education.

Explicit Listening Strategy Training for ELF Learners

Brett Milliner,Blagoja Dimoski 아시아테플 2019 The Journal of Asia TEFL Vol.16 No.3

Even though it is recognized as the macro-language skill most strongly correlated with the rapid development of foreign language skills, listening is reported to be the most under-researched and the most neglected by foreign language teachers. Motivated by our will to improve as L2 listening teachers, we embarked on an action research project aiming to develop a series of listening training approaches based on contemporary listening research. Focusing on a combination of metacognitive, top-down and bottom-up strategies, twelve English as a lingua franca-informed listening training activities were implemented at a private Japanese university. This paper provides a review of the listening training program for 147 Japanese students. It considers pre and post-program listening assessment, student perceptions of their self-efficacy as L2 listeners, teachers‟ observations and student reactions to the explicit training program. While the program was received favorably by students, as indicated by their positive stance towards listening and communicating in English at the end of the treatment, no improvement in listening test scores was observed.

Echoview: hydroacoustic data processing software

Brett Merritt 한국수산해양기술학회(구 한국어업기술학회) 2015 한국수산해양기술학회 학술발표대회 Vol.2015 No.10