On This Topic: Confucian Meritocracy and Tongdong Bai’s Against Political Equality

Bradford Cokelet 성균관대학교 유교문화연구소 2022 儒敎文化硏究(中文版) Vol.- No.37

Time-dependent analysis of reinforced concrete structures using the layered finite element method

Bradford, M.A.,Gilbert, R.I.,Sun, S.C.H. Techno-Press 1999 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.8 No.6

The response of a reinforced concrete structure to loading is both immediate and time-dependent. Under a sustained load, the deflections caused by creep and shrinkage may be several times their instantaneous values. The paper describes a general finite element procedure, based on the so-called layered model, to analyse reinforced concrete members, and shows in particular how the simple Step by Step Method may be incorporated into this procedure. By invoking the Modified Newton Raphson Method as a solution procedure, the accuracy of the finite element method is verified against independent test results, and then applied to a variety of problems in order to demonstrate its efficacy. The method forms a general method for analysing highly indeterminate concrete structures in the time domain.

Contributions of Nanoscale Roughness to Anomalous Colloid Retention and Stability Behavior

Bradford, Scott A.,Kim, Hyunjung,Shen, Chongyang,Sasidharan, Salini,Shang, Jianying American Chemical Society 2017 Langmuir Vol.33 No.38

<P>All natural surfaces exhibit nanoscale roughness (NR) and chemical heterogeneity (CH) to some extent. Expressions were developed to determine the mean interaction energy between a colloid and a solid-water interface, as well as for colloid-colloid interactions, when both surfaces contain binary NR and CH. The influence of heterogeneity type, roughness parameters, solution ionic strength (IS), mean zeta potential, and colloid size on predicted interaction energy profiles was then investigated. The role of CH was enhanced on smooth surfaces with larger amounts of CH, especially for smaller colloids and higher IS. However, predicted interaction energy profiles were mainly dominated by NR, which tended to lower the energy barrier height and the magnitudes of both the secondary and primary minima, especially when the roughness fraction was small. This dramatically increased the relative importance of primary to secondary minima interactions on net electrostatically unfavorable surfaces, especially when roughness occurred on both surfaces and for conditions that produced small energy barriers (e.g., higher IS, lower pH, lower magnitudes in the zeta potential, and for smaller colloid sizes) on smooth surfaces. The combined influence of roughness and Born repulsion frequently produced a shallow primary minimum that was susceptible to diffusive removal by random variations in kinetic energy, even under electrostatically favorable conditions. Calculations using measured zeta potentials and hypothetical roughness properties demonstrated that roughness provided a viable alternative explanation for many experimental deviations that have previously been attributed to electrosteric repulsion (e.g., a decrease in colloid retention with an increase in solution IS; reversible colloid retention under favorable conditions; and diminished colloid retention and enhanced colloid stability due to adsorbed surfactants, polymers, and/or humic materials).</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Elastic distortional buckling of tapered composite beams

Bradford, M.A.,Ronagh, H.R. Techno-Press 1997 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.5 No.3

The overall buckling mode in a composite steel-concrete beam over an internal support is necessarily lateral-distortional, in which the bottom compressive range displaces laterally and twists, since the top flange is restrained by the nearly rigid concrete slab. An efficient finite element method is used to study elastic lateral-distortional buckling in composite beams whose steel portion is tapered. The simplified model for a continuous beam that is presented herein is a fixed ended cantilever whose steel portion is tapered, and is subjected to moment gradient. This is intended to give an insight into distortion in a continuous beam that occurs in the negative bending region, and the differences between the cantilever representation and the continuous beam are highlighted. An eigenproblem is established, and the buckling modes and loads are determined in the elastic range of structural response. It is found from the finite element study that the buckling moment may be enhanced significantly by using a vertical stiffener in the region where the lateral movement of the bottom range is greatest. This enhancement is quantified in the paper.

Elastic local buckling of thin-walled elliptical tubes containing elastic infill material

Bradford, M.A.,Roufegarinejad, A. Techno-Press 2008 Interaction and multiscale mechanics Vol.1 No.1

Elliptical tubes may buckle in an elastic local buckling failure mode under uniform compression. Previous analyses of the local buckling of these members have assumed that the cross-section is hollow, but it is well-known that the local buckling capacity of thin-walled closed sections may be increased by filling them with a rigid medium such as concrete. In many applications, the medium many not necessarily be rigid, and the infill can be considered to be an elastic material which interacts with the buckling of the elliptical tube that surrounds it. This paper uses an energy-based technique to model the buckling of a thin-walled elliptical tube containing an elastic infill, which elucidates the physics of the buckling phenomenon from an engineering mechanics basis, in deference to a less generic finite element approach to the buckling problem. It makes use of the observation that the local buckling in an elliptical tube is localised with respect to the contour of the ellipse in its cross-section, with the localisation being at the region of lowest curvature. The formulation in the paper is algebraic and it leads to solutions that can be determined by implementing simple numerical solution techniques. A further extension of this formulation to a stiffness approach with multiple degrees of buckling freedom is described, and it is shown that using the simple one degree of freedom representation is sufficiently accurate for determining the elastic local buckling coefficient.

How Virtue Reforms Attachment to External Goods: The Transformation of Happiness in the Analects

( Bradford Cokelet ) 성균관대학교 유교문화연구소 2020 儒敎文化硏究(中文版) Vol.0 No.33

After distinguishing three conceptions of virtue and its impact on ordinary attachments to external goods such as social status, power, friends, and wealth, this paper argues that the Analects is most charitably interpreted as endorsing the whole-hearted internalization conception, on which virtue reforms but does not completely extinguish ordinary attachments to external goods. I begin by building on Amy Olberding’s attack on the extinguishing attachments conception, but go on to criticize her alternative, resolute sacrifice conception, on which the virtuous retain their ordinary attachments to external goods but are able to master them and willingly settle for virtue. I argue that we should reject this view because, unlike the wholehearted internalization conception, it cannot capture the facts that virtue silences or attenuates attachment to viciously obtained external goods and that virtue grounds positive emotional and cognitive self-assessments that are incompatible with some ordinary attachments to external goods.

VENEREAL DISEASES

Bradford, David Medical Publications Korea 1990 Medical Progress Vol.12 No.4

Buckling of post-tensioned composite beams

Bradford, M.A. Techno-Press 1994 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.2 No.1

A method for computing the elastic buckling prestressing force of a post-tensioned composite steel-concrete tee-beam is presented. The method is based on a virtual work formulation, and incorporates the restraint provided by the concrete slab to the buckling displacements of the steel beam. The distortional buckling solutions are shown to be given by a quadratic equation. The application of the analysis to calculation buckling strengths is given, based on codified rules for beam-columns. Conclusions are then drawn on the importance of distortional buckling when a post-tensioned composite beam is stressed during jacking.

Elastic distortional buckling of overhanging beams

Bradford, M.A. Techno-Press 1996 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.4 No.1

The paper considers the elastic distortional buckling of overhanging beams, which consist of an internal segment with a cantilevered segment continuous over an internal support. The beams were considered loaded by a concentrated load at the cantilever tip, and the beams were either partially restrained or laterally restrained over the internal support. An efficient line-type finite element developed previously by the author was modified to incorporate loading remote from the shear centre, as well as to allow for lateral buckling without distortion. Buckling loads were obtained for a range of geometry when the load was placed on the top flange, at the shear centre or on the bottom flange. Buckling mode shapes were also obtained, and conclusions drawn regarding the influence of distortion on the overall buckling load.

실험실 신용 보증 프로그램 : 다음 세기의 진보된 법화학을 향해 나가야 할 방향

Bradford Hepler 한국법과학회 2001 한국법과학회 학술대회 Vol.2001 No.1