FISSION PRODUCT AND ACTINIDE RELEASE FROM THE DEBRIS BED TEST PHEBUS FPT4: SYNTHESIS OF THE POST TEST ANALYSES AND OF THE REVAPORISATION TESTING OF THE PLENUM SAMPLES

Bottomley P.D.W.,Gregoire A.C.,Carbol P.,Glatz J.P.,Knoche D.,Papaioannou D.,Solatie D.,Van Winckel S.,Gregoire G.,Jacquemain D. Korean Nuclear Society 2006 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.38 No.2

The $Ph{\acute{e}}bus$ FP project is an international reactor safety project. Its main objective is to study the release, transport and retention of fission products in a severe accident of a light water reactor (LWR). The FPT4 test was performed with a fuel debris bed geometry, to look at late phase core degradation and the releases of low volatile fission products and actinides. Post Test Analyses results indicate that releases of noble gases (Xe, Kr) and high-volatile fission products (Cs, I) were nearly complete and comparable to those obtained during $Ph{\acute{e}}bus$ tests performed with a fuel bundle geometry (FPT1, FPT2). Volatile fission products such as Mo, Te, Rb, Sb were released significantly as in previous tests. Ba integral release was greater than that observed during FPT1. Release of Ru was comparable to that observed during FPT1 and FPT2. As in other $Ph{\acute{e}}bus$ tests, the Ru distribution suggests Ru volatilization followed by fast redeposition in the fuelled section. The similar release fraction for all lanthanides and fuel elements suggests the released fuel particles deposited onto the plenum surfaces. A blockage by molten material induced a steam by-pass which may explain some of the low releases. The revaporisation testing under different atmospheres (pure steam, $H_2/N_2$ and steam /$H_2$) and up to $1000^{\circ}C$ was performed on samples from the first upper plenum. These showed high releases of Cs for all the atmospheres tested. However, different kinetics of revaporisation were observed depending on the gas composition and temperature. Besides Cs, significant revaporisations of other elements were observed: e.g. Ag under reducing conditions, Cd and Sn in steam-containing atmospheres. Revaporisation of small amounts of fuel was also observed in pure steam atmosphere.

Anthraquinone compounds as redox mediators for enhanced continuous-flow anaerobic biotransformation of reactive dyes under hypersaline conditions

Lee, Young H.,Bottomley, Lawrence A. Taylor Francis 2011 Desalination and Water Treatment Vol. No.

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN CULTURAL CAPITAL: THE IMPACT OF THE VISUAL MERCHANDISE DISPLAY ON CONSUMER PURCHASES OF LUXURY BRANDS

Maria Logkizidou,Robert J. Angell,Paul Bottomley 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2017 Global Fashion Management Conference Vol.2017 No.07

This paper attempts to bring the rather dated concept of Cultural Capital (CC) from the sociology literature to luxury retailing; it argues that Visual Merchandise Display (VMD) can enhance the consumers’ intentions to purchase luxury brands but this influence is stronger for consumers with higher CC than for those with lower CC. In particular, we develop a psychometric scale to measure CC and empirically and quantitatively investigate in two experiments the impact of VMD on consumer purchase intentions and the moderating role of CC. Walking first into TK Maxx and then into Harvey Nichols, one could assume that brand perceptions are affected not by the merchandise but rather by the store environment and particularly the way in which the products are visually presented to the consumers. In 2013, Karen Miller announced a substantial remodelling of its stores, including a change in their look to communicate ‘affordable luxury’ (Felsted, 2013). Although the luxury marketers seem to understand the importance of the display in influencing consumer perceptions, academics yet admit to knowing very little about the role of visual merchandising and display on the mechanisms of luxury brand consumption (Joy, Wang, Chan, Sherry, & Cui, 2014). Emerging research in the luxury retailing literature focuses on and explores qualitatively the role of ‘museological’ product presentation techniques in building and sustaining a luxury brand image (Dion & Arnould, 2011; Joy et al., 2014). However, till now, it has not considered that people can differ in their ability (i.e., ‘connoisseurship’) to decode and appreciate such display techniques, which often require substantial investment in fixtures, expensive materials, or complicated designs or architecture. This paper argues that the success of many newly introduced marketing communication techniques, including the tendency of contemporary branding to ‘subtly’ communicate the understated cleverness of a brand, can be subject to the consumers’ level of CC. CC refers to human culture and constitutes an individual characteristic that encompasses consumer’s intangible cultural assets and resources, such as knowledge, personality traits, and values, which manifest via consumers’ lifestyle choices and affect the way they think and act (Bourdieu, 1984; Blackwell, Miniard, & Engel, 2001). We argue that in luxury retailing, where ‘brand museums’ (Hollenbeck, 2008), ‘museological’ product presentation techniques or simply ‘museum like displays’ (Joy et al., 2014) and collaboration with contemporary artists and creative directors (Dion and Arnould, 2011) have been pointed out as new formats of in-store communication, CC can play a crucial role in explaining whether and how much consumers’ purchases can be actually affected. The marketing literature, to date, however, misses a contemporary continuous measure to assess consumers’ CC. In their effort to avoid limitations embedded in prior conceptualisations of CC— which mostly concern its supposed static and inherited nature (McQuarrie, Miller, & Phillips, 2013) —, many studies of consumer behaviour tend to assess CC qualitatively and set criteria to dichotomise a sample into two groups who are somewhat arbitrarily classified as people with either high or low CC; or, they only approximate CC by assessing the participants’ knowledge in a specific field of consumption, which is often a crude proxy for CC and pre-supposes the consumers’ interest-involvement in the investigated field of consumption (McQuarrie et al., 2013). For example, the literature on luxury brands tends to replace CC with fashion knowledge (e.g., Berger & Ward, 2010). Nevertheless, the researchers recognise this replacement as a limitation of their studies and a poor operationalisation of the concept of CC (Berger & Ward, 2010). The present research has three objectives. First, rather than dichotomising people into high and low CC groups, it acknowledges CC as a continuous variable and develops a contemporary psychometric scale to measure the extent to which people within the same culture differ in it. Second, it aims to provide a conceptual framework for understanding a set of mechanisms that explain how consumers’ purchase intentions for a luxury brand can be affected by specific VMD cues which are used for displaying it. Last and more importantly, we want to validate the newly introduced scale in a final experiment that tests whether the process whereby VMD indirectly increases the purchase intentions for luxury brands, depends positively on the consumer’s CC. The first study, which incorporates a qualitative inquiry as well as a purification and a validation study and uses multiple samples, succeeds in developing and validating a psychometric CC scale. In the second study, by conducting an experiment, we develop a model which explains how a combination of specific high-image VMD cues that form a museum-like display affects the consumers’ luxury brand purchase intentions by increasing consumers’ perceptions of luxury and by decreasing their perceived personal risk. This study’s model is, then, re-estimated in the final study after introducing into it the measure of CC. In this experiment, the strength of the basic relationships was found to be contingent on CC, suggesting that consumers with higher CC tend to be more strongly influenced by the store environment cues. Although we recognise that for many consumer behaviour studies in the marketing literature, consumers’ knowledge in fashion represents sufficiently well the concept of CC (e.g., Berger & Ward, 2010; McQuarrie et al., 2013; Parmentier, Fischer, & Reuber, 2013), we show that this might not be the case in the context of store atmospherics. In particular, we test the influence of both CC and fashion knowledge by introducing them together into the same model. Interestingly, CC is found to behave differently and to some extent oppositely to fashion knowledge in influencing consumers’ store-induced perceptions and purchase intentions for the luxury brand on display. The identification of specific VMD cues that form what the luxury retailing literature rather vaguely describes as a ‘museological presentation’ and the measurement of their combined effect as a ‘museum-like display’ on the consumer’s perceptions and behavioural intentions can have important implications for both the offline and online retailers. Our findings can also inform the contemporary brand communication methods, such as the brand’s representation in social media (e.g., in pinterest). Moreover, the measurement of consumer’s level of CC can allow brand managers and retailers to identify receptive segments and make more efficient resource commitments to VMD. Investment in VMD elements can then be better matched to the anticipated target market to avoid either over- or under spending on it. Sales forecasts can also become more accurate if CC could be assessed and considered along with the employed in-store and digital product presentation methods.

Integrating Omics to Understand Soil C Cycling Responses to Precipitation Variation

David Myrold,Maude David,Emmanuel Prestat,Lydia Zeglin,Peter Bottomley,Robert Hettich,Janet Jansson,Ari Jumpponen,Charles Rice,Susannah Tringe,Nathan Verberkmoes 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Well-organized raspberry-like Ag@Cu bimetal nanoparticles for highly reliable and reproducible surface-enhanced Raman scattering.

Lee, Jung-Pil,Chen, Dongchang,Li, Xiaxi,Yoo, Seungmin,Bottomley, Lawrence A,El-Sayed, Mostafa A,Park, Soojin,Liu, Meilin RSC Pub 2013 Nanoscale Vol.5 No.23

<P>Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is ideally suited for probing and mapping surface species and incipient phases on fuel cell electrodes because of its high sensitivity and surface-selectivity, potentially offering insights into the mechanisms of chemical and energy transformation processes. In particular, bimetal nanostructures of coinage metals (Au, Ag, and Cu) have attracted much attention as SERS-active agents due to their distinctive electromagnetic field enhancements originated from surface plasmon resonance. Here we report excellent SERS-active, raspberry-like nanostructures composed of a silver (Ag) nanoparticle core decorated with smaller copper (Cu) nanoparticles, which displayed enhanced and broadened UV-Vis absorption spectra. These unique Ag@Cu raspberry nanostructures enable us to use blue, green, and red light as the excitation laser source for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with a large enhancement factor (EF). A highly reliable SERS effect was demonstrated using Rhodamine 6G (R6G) molecules and a thin film of gadolinium doped ceria.</P>

An operando surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) study of carbon deposition on SOFC anodes.

Li, Xiaxi,Liu, Mingfei,Lee, Jung-pil,Ding, Dong,Bottomley, Lawrence A,Park, Soojin,Liu, Meilin Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.17 No.33

<P>Thermally robust and chemically inert Ag@SiO2 nanoprobes are employed to provide the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect for an in situ/operando study of the early stage of carbon deposition on nickel-based solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anodes. The enhanced sensitivity to carbon enables the detection of different stages of coking, offering insights into intrinsic coking tolerance of material surfaces. Application of a thin coating of gadolinium doped ceria (GDC) enhances the resistance to coking of nickel surfaces. The electrochemically active Ni-YSZ interface appears to be more active for hydrocarbon reforming, resulting in the accumulation of different hydrocarbon molecules, which can be readily removed upon the application of an anodic current. Operando SERS is a powerful tool for the mechanistic study of coking in SOFC systems. It is also applicable to the study of other catalytic and electrochemical processes in a wide range of conditions.</P>

High-temperature surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy for <i>in situ</i> study of solid oxide fuel cell materials

Li, Xiaxi,Lee, Jung-Pil,Blinn, Kevin S.,Chen, Dongchang,Yoo, Seungmin,Kang, Bin,Bottomley, Lawrence A.,El-Sayed, Mostafa A.,Park, Soojin,Liu, Meilin The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Vol.7 No.1

<P><I>In situ</I> probing of surface species and incipient phases is vital to unraveling the mechanisms of chemical and energy transformation processes. Here we report Ag nanoparticles coated with a thin-film SiO<SUB>2</SUB> shell that demonstrate excellent thermal robustness and chemical stability for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) study of solid oxide fuel cell materials under <I>in situ</I> conditions (at ∼400 °C).</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>SiO<SUB>2</SUB> shell isolated Ag nanoparticles significantly amplify the Raman signals from solid oxide fuel cell electrodes, allowing identification of surface species present in trace amounts under <I>in situ</I> conditions. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c3ee42462f'> </P>

Electrostatic Force Microscopic Characterization of Early Stage Carbon Deposition on Nickel Anodes in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Park, Hyungmin,Li, Xiaxi,Lai, Samson Y.,Chen, Dongchang,Blinn, Kevin S.,Liu, Mingfei,Choi, Sinho,Liu, Meilin,Park, Soojin,Bottomley, Lawrence A. American Chemical Society 2015 NANO LETTERS Vol.15 No.9

<P>Carbon deposition on nickel anodes degrades the performance of solid oxide fuel cells that utilize hydrocarbon fuels. Nickel anodes with BaO nanoclusters deposited on the surface exhibit improved performance by delaying carbon deposition (i.e., coking). The goal of this research was to visualize early stage deposition of carbon on nickel surface and to identify the role BaO nanoclusters play in coking resistance. Electrostatic force microscopy was employed to spatially map carbon deposition on nickel foils patterned with BaO nanoclusters. Image analysis reveals that upon propane exposure initial carbon deposition occurs on the Ni surface at a distance from the BaO features. With continued exposure, carbon deposits penetrate into the BaO-modified regions. After extended exposure, carbon accumulates on and covers BaO. The morphology and spatial distribution of deposited carbon was found to be sensitive to experimental conditions.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2015/nalefd.2015.15.issue-9/acs.nanolett.5b02237/production/images/medium/nl-2015-02237r_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl5b02237'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

FISSION PRODUCT AND ACTINIDE RELEASE FROM THE DEBRIS BED TEST PHEBUS FPT4: SYNTHESIS OF THE POST TEST ANALYSES AND OF THE REVAPORISATION TESTING OF THE PLENUM SAMPLES

A-C. GREGOIRE,D. JACQUEMAIN,G. GR?GOIRE,,P. CARBOL,J-P. GLATZ,D. KNOCHE,D. PAPAIOANNOU,D. SOLATIE,S. VAN WINCKEL,P.D.W. BOTTOMLEY 한국원자력학회 2006 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.38 No.2