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Andrzej Sz. Borkowski,Jolanta Kwiatkowska-Malina 한국지질과학협의회 2017 Geosciences Journal Vol.21 No.4
Research in the scope of geostatistics is applied in many fields of study, including soils and atmospheric air. Geostatistics can constitute a tool for interpretation of results of research on the natural environment. For example, the semivariogram permits the estimation and analysis of the variability structure of selected phenomena. Stochastic interpolation techniques allow for obtaining the value of the studied variable with no necessity of field studies with consideration of a dense network of measurements owing to information obtained from other research. Research on the quality of atmospheric air conducted by the European Environmental Agency (EEA) presents the state and forecasts of atmospheric air in particular European countries based on a low number of measurement points throughout Europe. In Poland, only four measurement stations function in the scope of the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP). An important aspect in geostatistical modelling is later assessment of uncertainty as to the estimated value of the analysed variable. Results of such an assessment are usually presented in the form of a map of probability of exceeding critical values. The last stage of geostatistical modelling usually involves stochastic simulations performed by means of an increasingly broad range of available algorithms. The assessment of generated effects combined with expert knowledge permits e.g., the identification of polluted areas. The quality of atmospheric air affects the degree of soil pollution (primarily as a result of the phenomenon of dry and/or wet deposition). Due to this, it is necessary to analyse such impact with consideration of all environmental and geochemical conditions. The application of the generally available data permits the estimation of the degree of soil pollution with no necessity of sampling in a given place, or performing costly laboratory analyses. The aim of the study was the presentation of the commonly used geostatistical methods and good practices in geostatistical modelling for the assessment of soil contamination by heavy metals based on deposition data from atmospheric air. The work was divided into two parts: (i) geostatistical modelling, presenting individual stages of the use of various tools and techniques, as well as (ii) kriging and cokriging interpolation methods used as a tool to integrate spatial data from different sets. The workflow in geostatistical modelling in environmental sciences using existing data sets was proposed.
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Morsdorf, L.,Pradeep, K. G.,Herzer, G.,Ková,cs, A.,Dunin-Borkowski, R. E.,Povstugar, I.,Konygin, G.,Choi, P.,Raabe, D. American Institute of Physics 2016 JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS - Vol.119 No.12
<P>Nucleation of soft magnetic Fe3Si nanocrystals in Cu-free Fe74.5Si15.5Nb3B7 alloy, upon rapid (10 s) and conventional (30 min) annealing, was investigated using x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Mossbauer spectroscopy, and atom probe tomography. By employing rapid annealing, preferential nucleation of Fe3Si nanocrystals was achieved, whereas otherwise there is simultaneous nucleation of both Fe3Si and undesired Fe-B compound phases. Analysis revealed that the enhanced Nb diffusivity, achieved during rapid annealing, facilitates homogeneous nucleation of Fe3Si nanocrystals while shifting the secondary Fe-B crystallization to higher temperatures resulting in pure soft magnetic nanocrystallization with very low coercivities of similar to 10 A/m. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC.</P>
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Ustekinumab pharmacokinetics after subcutaneous administration in swine model
Tomasz Grabowski,Artur Burmańczuk,Rafał Derlacz,Tadeusz Stefaniak,Anna Rząsa,Jacek Borkowski 대한수의학회 2021 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.22 No.5
Background: Due to multiple similarities in the structure and physiology of human and pig skin, the pig model is extremely useful for biological drug testing after subcutaneous administration. Knowledge of the differences between subcutaneous injection sites could have a significant impact on the absorption phase and pharmacokinetic profiles of biological drugs. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the impact of administration site on pharmacokinetics and selected biochemical and hematological parameters after a single subcutaneous administration of ustekinumab in pigs. Drug concentrations in blood plasma were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pharmacokinetic analyses were performed based on raw data using Phoenix WinNonlin 8.1 software and ThothPro v 4.1. Methods: The study included 12 healthy, female, large white piglets. Each group received a single dose of ustekinumab given as a 1 mg/kg subcutaneous injection into the internal part of the inguinal fold or the external part of the inguinal fold. Results: The differences in absorption rate between the internal and external parts of the inguinal fold were not significant. However, the time of maximal concentration, clearance, area under the curve calculated between zero and mean residence time and mean residence time between groups were substantially different (p > 0.05). The relative bioavailability after administration of ustekinumab into the external part of the inguinal fold was 40.36% lower than after administration of ustekinumab into the internal part of the inguinal fold. Conclusions: Healthy breeding pigs are a relevant model to study the pharmacokinetic profile of subcutaneously administered ustekinumab.
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Ho, Ping-Luen,Yu, Chu-Ping,Zhang, Qiqi,Song, Kyung,Buban, James P.,Choi, Si-Young,Dunin-Borkowski, Rafal E.,Mayer, Joachim,Tai, Nyan-Hwa,Zhu, Jing,Jin, Lei,Zhong, Xiaoyan Elsevier 2018 Ultramicroscopy Vol.193 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Superexchange-based magnetic coupling of the two <I>B</I>-site cations in rock-salt-ordered double perovskite oxides is extremely sensitive to the cation ratio and degree of order. However, as a result of the limited spatial resolution of most magnetic characterization techniques, it is challenging to establish a direct relationship between magnetic properties and structure in these materials, including the effects of elemental segregation and cation disorder. Here, we use electron energy-loss magnetic chiral dichroism together with aberration-corrected electron microscopy and spectroscopy to record magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra at the nm scale, in combination with structural and chemical information at the atomic scale from the very same region. We study nanoscale phases in ordered Sr<SUB>2</SUB>[Fe][Re]O<SUB>6</SUB>, ordered Sr<SUB>2</SUB>[Fe][Fe<SUB>1/5</SUB>Re<SUB>4/5</SUB>]O<SUB>6</SUB> and disordered Sr[Fe<SUB>4/5</SUB>Re<SUB>1/5</SUB>]O<SUB>3</SUB> individually, in order to understand the role of cation ratio and order on local magnetic coupling. When compared with ordered Sr<SUB>2</SUB>[Fe][Re]O<SUB>6</SUB>, we find that antiferromagnetic Fe<SUP>3+</SUP>-O<SUP>2−</SUP>-Fe<SUP>3+</SUP>superexchange interactions arising from an excess of Fe suppress the MCD signal from Fe cations in ordered Sr<SUB>2</SUB>[Fe][Fe<SUB>1/5</SUB>Re<SUB>4/5</SUB>]O<SUB>6</SUB>, while dominant Fe<SUP>3+</SUP>-O<SUP>2−</SUP>-Fe<SUP>3+</SUP>antiferromagnetic coupling in disordered Sr[Fe<SUB>4/5</SUB>Re<SUB>1/5</SUB>]O<SUB>3</SUB> leads to a decrease in MCD signal down to the noise level. Our work demonstrates a protocol that can be used to correlate crystallographic, electronic and magnetic information in materials such as Sr<SUB>2</SUB>Fe<SUB>1+</SUB> <I> <SUB>x</SUB> </I>Re<SUB>1-</SUB> <I> <SUB>x</SUB> </I>O<SUB>6</SUB>, in order to provide insight into structure-property relationships in double perovskite oxides at the atomic scale.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Local measurements of magnetic circular dichroism, atomic arrangement, cation order, chemical state and elemental distribution from the very same region provide an improved understanding of structure-property relationships at the nm scale in double perovskites with different structural complexities. </LI> <LI> Antiferromagnetic Fe<SUP>3+</SUP>-O<SUP>2−</SUP>-Fe<SUP>3+</SUP>superexchange interactions arising from an excess of Fe suppress the magnetic circular dichroism signal from Fe cations in ordered Sr<SUB>2</SUB>[Fe][Fe<SUB>1/5</SUB>Re<SUB>4/5</SUB>]O<SUB>6</SUB>, when compared with ordered Sr<SUB>2</SUB>[Fe][Re]O<SUB>6</SUB>. </LI> <LI> Dominant Fe<SUP>3+</SUP>-O<SUP>2−</SUP>-Fe<SUP>3+</SUP>antiferromagnetic coupling in disordered Sr[Fe<SUB>4/5</SUB>Re<SUB>1/5</SUB>]O<SUB>3</SUB> leads to a decrease in magnetic circular dichroism signal down to the noise level. </LI> </UL> </P>
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