Otherness, Sexuality, and Space: Affiliations between Virginia Woolf’s Mrs Dalloway and Eudora Welty’s The Golden Apples

( Boosung Kim ) 한국영미문학페미니즘학회 2018 영미문학페미니즘 Vol.26 No.1

While the influence of Virginia Woolf’s writing on Eudora Welty’s fiction has been touched upon briefly, and occasionally fully examined, by several critics, no critical attention has been drawn to the two writers’ highly similar creation of outsider characters. This essay proposes that Welty’s portrayal of Miss Eckhart in her short story cycle The Golden Apples (1949) can be read as a response to Woolf’s depiction of Miss Kilman in Mrs Dalloway (1925). Both characters are depicted as German spinster tutors who have an intense homoerotic desire for their pupils and are ostracized by society. Against the backdrop of the early 1920s, both texts let us take a glance at how an interwar society marginalizes an outsider in tandem with the rise of anti-German sentiment in England and the United States. Particularly, by comparing the two characters’ outsiderness marked by their class, gender, sexuality, physicality, and ethnicity/nationality, this essay attempts to show how the two writers’ treatment of them helps us configure the ways in which space intervenes in the (re)production of individual identities. While Miss Kilman’s shopping excursion designates her as a lesbian flaneur and epitomizes the department store’s function as a heterosexing, pseudo-public space, Miss Eckhart’s piano recital represents her agency as an artist who works to transform domestic space into an alternative public sphere for children and women in a small town in rural Mississippi. A kinship between Woolf and Welty established through their similar characters encourages us not only to interrogate the position of outsiderness predicated upon the dialectics between difference and sameness, but to problematize normative, exclusive, and heterogeneous locales functioning in society.

The Uncanny, Normalcy, and the EnLIGHTenment: Reversing the Hegemony of Vision in H. G. Wells’s “The Country of the Blind”

( Boosung Kim ) 한국근대영미소설학회 2018 근대 영미소설 Vol.25 No.1

H. G. Wells’s 1904 story “The Country of the Blind,” in which a Western explorer happens upon a village in an isolated valley where all the citizens are blind, produces multiple effects by reversing the hegemony of normalcy. Following the protagonist Nunez’s cognitive path, the reader experiences the uncanny that can be summed up as “cognitive estrangement” and “estranged familiarity.” Encountering something familiar yet strange in this otherworldly setting, the readers sense something has long been repressed in the process of constructing normalcy keeps returning. The blind townspeople’s way of treating Nunez’s eyes questions the ideas of disability in nineteenth-century Britain and suggests alternative ways of thinking about the abnormal by exposing how blindness has been conceived in society. Blindness in this story also brings the hegemony of vision to the front and functions to unravel it as Nunez’s failed project of enlightenment to educate the townspeople debunks ocularcentrism associated with the project of enlightenment in Western Europe. Depicting Nunez’s downgraded status in the valley, the story undermines vision’s firm connection with the notions pertinent to the Enlightenment such as knowledge, power, and freedom. The story encourages readers to question the hegemony of normalcy constructed in their own society and to reconcile between estrangement and familiarity.

On Being Fashionably Incorrect: Woman’s Film, Fashion, and Stella Dallas

( Boosung Kim ) 한국영미문학페미니즘학회 2018 영미문학페미니즘 Vol.26 No.3

Despite the Wall Street crash of 1929 and the Great Depression that followed, the decade of the 1930s in America was an unprecedentedly productive time for Hollywood, and the woman’s film, which depicts the life of an adult female protagonist and is designed to appeal mostly to female spectators, was one of the flourishing genres that survived the Great Depression. While scholars have viewed classical Hollywood cinema as an ideological apparatus, representing dominant ways of seeing the world and reinforcing hegemonic views, this essay proposes Hollywood films as a version of modernism that is not exclusive, arcane, and anti-modern, but inclusive, mass-produced, and highly susceptible to the experience of modernity. Drawing on Miriam Hansen’s notion of vernacular modernism marked by texts’ susceptibility to reflect and confront the constitutive ambivalence of modernity, this essay focuses on the woman’s film and fashion in tandem and examines how in the woman’s film fashion is represented through the female protagonists’ costumes and circulated in the form of a discourse. This essay argues that the woman’s film of the 1930s tends to associate the heroine’s experiences of modernity involving fashion and glamour with the themes of class rise and acquiring manners, and that in case of maternal melodrama, as manifested in King Vidor’s 1937 film Stella Dallas, the pattern is inverted. That is, the heroine’s sartorial practices do not necessarily lead to her class rise, but bespeaks her subversive individuality immune from ideological views on fashion.

“Continuous Performance”: Silent Film and Plebeian Spectatorship in Dorothy Richardson’s Film Writing, 1927-1933

( Boosung Kim ) 한국영어영문학회 2019 영어 영문학 Vol.65 No.1

The advent of cinema at the dawn of the twentieth century profoundly ruptured the nineteenth-century notion of spectatorship as a constituent of bourgeois male subjectivity by allowing marginalized social groups such as working-class women, child vagrants, and rural people to have access to a new public sphere. This paper focuses on the British modernist writer Dorothy Richardson’s film writing, which appeared in the avant-garde literary magazine Close Up (1927-1933), to show how the silent cinema spectatorship in the 1920s challenged gendered, class-bound notions of spectatorship. In particular, this paper explores the representation of spec-tatorial practices in her film writing and the ramifications of a particular mode of perception she valorizes: contemplation. Throughout the column she wrote for Close Up, Richardson, writing from the perspective of one of the spectators seated in a movie theatre, committed herself to theorizing spectator subjectivity in the early sound era. By taking up a position similar to that of the nineteenth-century male urban investigator, Richardson revises the dominant imaginative mappings of London through her discussion of the spaces of the movie theaters and the demographic makeup of the cinema audience. Challenging dominant views on cinematic perception, Richardson associates absorptive, contemplative modes of perception with plebeian spectatorship to highlight the cinema’s therapeutic, emancipatory function for the underprivileged. Richardson also contends that silent films, when accompanied by simple piano music and performed in a small, garage-like movie theater, should be the norm to secure and nurture contemplation.

연안통합관리계획의 도입과 천수만 어촌의 지속가능발전

김부성(Boosung Kim) 대한지리학회 2003 대한지리학회지 Vol.38 No.2

지속가능발전(개발)은 연안지역의 미래와 어촌의 발전에 중요한 개념이다. 1992년 리우데자네이루에서 열린 유엔환경개발회의 이래로 세계 각국의 정부와 지방정부들은「의제21」을 준비하고 실행해 오고 있다. 이전에 환경보호라는 이름 하에 행해졌던 많은 프로젝트들이 지금은 지속가능발전이라는 기치아래서 진행되고 있다. 연안통합관리도 지속가능발전의 연장선상에 있다. 연안통합관리는 연안이용 상충 해소를 위한 하나의 틀로서 제시되었다. 본고의 목적은 연안통합관리의 도입에 따른 천수만 지역 어촌의 지속가능발전 잠재력을 평가해 보고자 하는 것이다. 천수만은 과거 생산성이 높은 어장의 하나였고, 천수만 지역은 전통적 어촌의 독특한 특성을 보유하고 있었다. 오늘날 이 지역은 대규모 서산 A·B지구 간척사업 이후로 많은 변화를 경험하였다. 본고에서는 우선 지속가능발전과 연안통합관리의 개념 및 역사 등을 간단히 검토한 후에 천수만 지역의 간척과정과 그것의 수산업과 어촌에 미친 영향을 논의하였다. 다음에 간척이후의 변화하는 환경적, 사회경제적 특성에 따라 천수만 지역의 대표적 어촌 35여개의 유형을 분류해 본 결과, 5개의 유형을 추출할 수 있었다. 관광 및 여가 기능이 점차 중요해짐에 따라 오늘날의 천수만 지역 어촌들은 경제활동에 있어서 다양성을 보여주고 있다. 마지막으로 14개의 지표를 바탕으로 천수만 어촌계의 수산업 지속가능발전 잠재력을 평가해 본 결과 잠재력이 매우 높은 어촌계에서부터 잠재력이 매우 낮은 어촌계에 이르기까지 상당한 차이가 드러났다. Sustainable Development(SD) is an important concept for the future of the coastal area, and for development of fishing villages. Since 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro<br/> many governments and local authorities throughout the world have been engaged in preparing and implementing「Agenda 21」. Many projects which previously would have been identified as environmental protection are now presented under the banner of sustainable development. Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) is an extension of sustainable development. ICM was presented as a framework for resolution of coastal use conflicts. The aim of the<br/> present paper is to assess sustainable development potential of fishing villages in Cheonsu Bay Region according to implementation of ICM. Cheonsu Bay Region was known as one of the productive fishing grounds and Cheonsu Bay Region preserved unique characteristics of traditional fishing villages. But this region is now experiencing many changes through the massive reclamation projects like Seosan A·B Project. After a brief overview of concepts and history of SD and ICM, the reclamation process and its impacts on both fishery and fishing communities in Cheonsu Bay Region are discussed. According to their changing environmental and socioeconomic characteristics after the reclamation, ca 35 representative coastal villages in this region can be classified<br/> into 5 types. Many coastal villages shows diversity in their economic activities, as tourism and recreation function becomes more and more important in this region. In present-day Cheonsu Bay Region, it is possible to differentiate fishing village cooperatives(FVO) with high potential of sustainable fishery development, FVOs with medium potential, FVOs with low potential on the basis of 14 selected indicators.

어느 돌봄 노동자의 고백:돌봄 위기의 시대 『나를 보내지마』 읽기

김부성(Boosung Kim) 한국외국어대학교 영미연구소 2021 영미연구 Vol.53 No.-

This essay examines the way Kazuo Ishiguro’s 2005 novel Never Let Me Go thematizes the issue of care, a long-standing social problem that the coronavirus pandemic recently accentuates, mainly through the voice of a care worker. The first section of this essay analyzes care as both a capacity and a practice, pursued and performed by the first-person narrator Kathy, against the backdrop of neoliberalism the novel strongly hints at. The second section focuses on Hailsham’s aesthetic education, experimented by its founders Madame and Miss Emily amid the spread of the Keynesian welfare state system and the rapid development of bioscience following the Second World War, and attributes its failure to an anachronism of the Western humanist tradition, while discussing whether Hailsham’s educational model suggests ways to develop the capabilities of Hailsham students to hone their caring skills. While Ishiguro’s novel depicts a dismal world that puts the burden of care work entirely on individual clones and that implicitly forces caregivers to internalize neoliberal values, it encourages readers to actively think about such things as ambivalences of care, alternative caring kinships, public community space, sharing resources, and caring communities. When putting care at the center, Never Let Me Go can be read as a text not only pointing to the limitations of individualism based on traditional Western conceptions of humanism, but also urging us to affirm our vulnerabilities and interdependence as members of communities. 이 논문은 코로나19로 인해 국가적 차원의 문제로 부상한 돌봄의 위기 문제와 관련, 가즈오 이시구로의 2005년 소설 『나를 보내지 마』가 돌봄 노동자의 목소리를 통해 우리 사회에 만연한 돌봄의 문제를 다루는 방식을 살펴본다. 논문의 전반부에서는 1인칭 화자인 캐시가 추구하고 수행하는 역량이자 실천으로서의 돌봄을 소설 속 신자유주의적 세계관을 배경에 놓고 분석한다. 후반부에서는 2차 세계대전 이후 케인즈주의적 복지국가 체제의 확산과 생명과학 붐 속에서 헤일샴의 설립자 마담과 에밀리 선생이 학생들에게 실험한 예술교육이 전통적 서구 인본주의 교육의 시대착오성과 실패를 드러내는 가운데 돌봄 역량 양성의 방안을 제시할 수 있는지 여부에 대해 논한다. 이시구로의 소설은 돌봄 노동의 부담을 전적으로 복제인간 개개인에게 지우는 생명복제 프로그램의 폭력성뿐만 아니라 돌봄 노동자가 신자유주의적 가치관을 내면화하는 양상을 보여준다. 그러나 여기서 그치지 않고 돌봄의 양면성, 대안적 돌봄 친족, 공공 공간과 공유 자원, 나아가 돌보는 공동체에 대해 사유할 여지를 남긴다. 돌봄을 중심에 놓고 읽을 때 『나를 보내지 마』는 서구의 전통적 인본주의 개념으로서의 개인이 지닌 돌봄 주체로서의 한계를 지적할 뿐만 아니라, 육체의 취약성과 생명체 간 상호의존성, 상호연결성을 긍정하는 돌봄 공동체의 일원으로 세상을 바라볼 것을 촉구하는 텍스트, 즉 돌봄에 대한 상상력을 확장하는 텍스트로 읽을 수 있다.

Emodin-nicotinamide (1:2) cocrystal identified by thermal screening to improve emodin solubility

Park, Boosung,Yoon, Woojin,Yun, Jungmin,Ban, Eunmi,Yun, Hoseop,Kim, Aeri Elsevier/North Holland 2019 International journal of pharmaceutics Vol.557 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Emodin (EM), an anthraquinone obtained from natural products, is known for many pharmacological activities. However, further evaluation and interpretation of toxicity or pharmacological activity of emodin are limited due to its poor aqueous solubility. We aimed to identify an emodin cocrystal with improved pharmaceutical properties. Among various compounds screened by thermal analysis, nicotinamide (NCT) was identified as a potential cocrystal coformer, based on the presence of an exothermal peak in DSC profiles of the physical mixture of EM and NCT. Crystallization of EM-NCT cocrystal (EM-NCT) using slow or rapid solvent evaporation method yielded a novel cocrystal at 1:2 ratio. Single crystal structure analysis revealed EM dimers and NCT tetramers connected alternatively via H-bonds to make one-dimensional chains which are joined by inter-chain H-bonds between NCT to form two-dimensional layers. The EM molecules are planar with intramolecular H-bonds between O atoms. Compared with EM, the EM-NCT cocrystal showed improved aqueous solubility, dissolution rate, and stability. Hence, EM-NCT cocrystal is proposed as a more suitable solid form for further development as pharmaceutical products.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

플롯 없는 소설: 도로시 리차드슨의 『순례』에 나타난 지루함과 모더니스트 독자

김부성 ( Boosung Kim ) 한국영미문학페미니즘학회 2017 영미문학페미니즘 Vol.25 No.2

Dorothy Richardson`s thirteen-volume novel Pilgrimage presents a single woman`s life as a continuous process without offering any traditional sense of resolution or ending. With its emphasis on detail and with its use of unpunctuated prose, the novel gained the reputation of being unreadable and was criticized for generating boredom. Drawing attention to its serial form and style, this essay investigates how Richardson`s literary experiment constructs a new type of reading subject whose relation to textual space should be different from that of the nineteenth-century readers. In her pursuit of serial form in depicting the portrait of an artist as a young woman, Richardson thematizes boredom as integral to her feminist strategies to express critical dissent from dominant narratives of gender. Through her essay “About Punctuation,” her preface to Pilgrimage, and scenes of reading in the novel, Richardson argues that “feminine prose” distinguished from nineteenth-century masculine realism should be properly unpunctuated to the extent that one`s reading speed must be encumbered so that readers can question norms implicated in standard punctuation. Promoting “the slow, attentive reading” by using experimental punctuation and detail, Richardson`s prose style highlights readers` creative collaboration and allows readers to experience non-homogenous temporalities and spatialities. Richardson`s aesthetics of slowness serves to constitute modernist readers, who were required to adopt a new reading strategy to overcome boredom while encountering unreadable texts and to appreciate aesthetic values of new modes of writing though active participation in textual production.

효율적인 타이밍 수준 게이트 지연 계산 알고리즘

김부성(Boosung Kim),김성만(Sungman Kim),김석윤(Seokyoon Kim) 대한전기학회 1998 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1998 No.11

상용차용 자동화 수동 변속기 시스템 설계

김부성(Boosung Kim),윤정주(Jeongjoo Yun),장준우(Junwoo Jang),김영광(Youngkwang Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2009 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2009 No.11

This paper presents a design of AMT(automated manual transmission) system applied to the commercial hybrid vehicle. AMT system is based on the manual transmission and consists of clutch actuator, gear-shifting actuator, TCU and shift lever. AMT system has advantages about fuel consumption and driving convenience because the gear shifting is performed by the AMT system automatically like an automatic transmission. In this paper, it is analyzed that the requirements of AMT system and the components are designed and producted.