정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

단선사고보상기능을 갖는 능동전력필터에 관한 연구

한경희,박인석,이정준,오봉환 명지대학교 대학원 1999 대학원논문집 Vol.3 No.-

Recently, for increasing consumed power and informational society, confidence of power supply is demanded. Beside, owing to most of these loads are nonlinear, utility line is polluted by these components. therefore, it is demanded compensation of harmonic current. In times past, special order of harmonic current is only compensated by passive filter, but active power filter compensate whole harmonic current. Therefore, this paper propose uninterruptable power supply(UPS) with performance of active power filter.

점화시기가 LPG 엔진의 배기특성에 미치는 영향

한덕수,장영민,전봉준,김성준 강원대학교 산업기술연구소 2006 産業技術硏究 Vol.26 No.B

As an automobile fuel, LPG has many environmental advantages compared to gasoline or diesel. However, current LPG engine which is provided with LPG fuel as gas form has lower power and worse fuel efficiency than gasoline engine. These problems of low power and bad fuel efficiency come from lower volumetric efficiency. Also there is a new rising problem of high failure ratio in an engine emission test. Although there are many factors which affect engine performance of exhaust gas emission, one believes that the fact that ECM of gasoline engine is used for LPG engine when retrofitting gasoline engine to LPG engine is one of the main problems, which lower engine power and emit more noxious gas due to wrong ignition timing. To solve these problems, one studied the effects ignition timing on the exhaust gas to find out the optimum condition of ignition timing. The experimental results show that noxious exhaust gas is reduced and engine power is increased if the optimum control of ignition timing is applied in accordance to the revolution speed of engine.

古典學派雇傭理論의 公準批判

한봉수 韓社大學 産業福祉硏究所 1980 産業福祉 Vol.3 No.-

I introduced and commented the postulates of the classical Economics. The classical theory of Employment has been based on two fundamental postulates. 1. The wage is equal to the marginal product of labour. 2. The utility of the wage when a given volume of labour is employed is equal to the marginal disutility of that amount of employment. This postulate is compatible with what may be called “frictional” unemployment: In addition to “frictional” unemployment, The postulate is also compatible with “voluntary” unemployment, due to the refusal or inability of a labour. The classical postulates do not admit of the possibility of the third Category, “involuntary” unemployment. The volume of employed resources is determined, according the classical theory, by the two postulates. The first gives us the demand schedule for employment, the second gives us the supply schedule, and the amount of employment is fixed at a point where the utility of the marginal product balances the disutility of the marginal employment.This calls for two observations. the first of which relates to the actual attitude of works towards real wages and money wages respectively and is not theoretically fundamental, but the second of which is fundamental. Let us assume, for the moment, that labour is not prepared to work for a lower money-wage and that a reduction in the existing level of money-wayes would lead, through strikes or other wise, to withdrawl from the labour market of labour which is now employed. Does it follow from this that the existing level of real wages accurately measures the marginal disutility of labour? not necessarily. For, although a reduction in the existing money-wage would lead to a withdrawl of labour, it does not follow that a fall in the value of the existing money-wage in terms of wage-goods would do so, if it were due to a rise in the prince of latter. In other words, it may be the case that within a certain range the demand of labour is for a minimum money-wage, and not for a minimum real-wage. Now ordinary experience tells us, beyond doubt, that a situation where labour stipulates for a money-wage rather than a real wage, so far from being a mere possibility, is the normal case. According to the classical theory, as the supply of labour is a function of real wages alone, decline of them leads to increasing of tAbove problems cannot be criticizing by Keynes. namly, The demand of labour can be incresed by the manipulation of the effective demand. in other words This breaks down entirely say’s law that supply creates its own demand, This is why the employment theory of Keynes is said to be the principles of the effective demand. it is supported generally by Economist, and be formed keynesian on the developed countries. Consequently, I indicate some questions on the interpretation of the employment Theory of keynes. 1. The point that the classical school include the followers of Ricardo. 2. Original purpose that the postulate of the classical Economics is divided by two categories 3. The point that the marginal product of the labour is expressed to (p―m)(dQ)/(dN) 4. Assumption that marginal utility of money is constant. he supply of labour.

酪農經營珍斷에 關한 調査硏究 : 釜山市 酪農家를 中心으로

韓鳳羽,金容斗,李秉達 東亞大學校 1968 東亞論叢 Vol.5 No.-

本 調査硏究는 酪農經營의 合理化와 酪農所得의 極大化를 圖謀하기 爲한 方策을 究明하기 爲하여 着手한 것으로 釜山市內 酪農家中에서 20戶를 選定하여 1967年 5月 1日부터 11月 30日까지 經營實態의 調査와 分析을 通하여 經營의 改善點을 發見하고 經營의 合理化 方案을 提示하였는데 그 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 飼育頭數 225頭中 窄乳牛 120頭, 乾乳牛 18頭, 育成牛(♂包含) 87頭며 窄乳牛率(窄乳牛 頭數/總飼養 頭數×100) 53% 乾乳牛率(乾乳牛 頭數/成牛 頭數×100) 13% 育成牛率(育成牛 頭數/成牛 頭數×100) 63%였다. 2. 窄乳牛(乾乳牛 包含) 138頭의 1頭 年平均 産乳量은 3,690kg였다. 3. 窄乳牛에 對한 飼料給與量은 1日 1頭 平均 濃厚飼料 9.4kg 粗飼料(風乾物) 9.0kg이며 養分含量은 TDN 9.09kg, DCP 1.24kg인데 標準(NRC)보다 TDN 53%, DCP 82%를 過量供給하고 있다. 한편 粗飼料量이 全體飼料量의 50% 未滿인데 이것은 經濟面이나 乳牛能力 增進面으로 볼 때 不利함으로 60% 以上으로 하여야 한다. 4. 生産費의 項目別 比率은 飼料費 44%, 勞動費 27%, 肥料 및 材料費 5%, 賃貸料 및 地代 5%, 乳牛 및 建物償却費 16%, 小農具費 및 其他 3%로 되어있다. 5. 牛乳生産費는 牛乳 1kg當 平均 32.25원인데 1kg當 乳價가 43.2원이기 때문에 牛乳 1kg當 10.95원의 收益을 얻고 있는데 牛乳 1kg當 28원 以下가 되도록 努力하여야 한다. 6.1頭當 年平均 勞動時間이 470時間인데 1人이 8~10頭를 管理하려면 365時間 以下가 되어야 한다. 7. 調査한 酪農家中 黑字經營이 14戶, 赤子經營이 6戶인바 年間 1頭當 純收益이 平均 2萬원으로 所得率이 낮았다. 8. 酪農經營의 診斷에 있어서 牛乳代와 飼料 및 勞動費만을 가지고 經營의 採算點을 生産面에서 把握하는 것은 簡易한 判斷을 爲하여 意義 있는 일이며 今般 調査한 結果를 보면 牛乳代 17,596원, 粗收益中 牛乳代 比率 86%, 飼料 및 勞動費 11,781千원, 生産費中 飼料 및 勞動費 比率 71%이므로 採算指數(牛乳代÷粗收益中 牛乳代比率/飼料 및 勞動費 ÷生産費中 飼料 및 勞動費比率=粗收益/生産費)는 1.29가 된다. 1頭當 年 35,000원의 所得을 爲해서는 採算指數가 1.5가 넘어야 한다. 蛇足 본 調査硏究는 1967年度 文敎部 學術硏究 助成費로 이루어진 것으로 硏究費를 補助해준 文敎當局에 對하여 深甚한 謝意를 表하는 바이다. 또한 調査에 協力하여 주신 釜山市牛乳協同組合과 釜山市 酪農家 畜産同人 諸位에 對하여 깊은 感謝를 드리는 바이다. This report aims to get a rationalization of dairy fanning and maximization of dairy income. In order to gain the suvey, I have selected -'0 dairy farm-houses in Pusan city. Then I have been caught some points of farm improvement and presented some rational plan of dairy farming through farm business survey and analysis from 1 May to 30 Nov. 1967. The summalized results of the research are as follows; 1. Out of 225 heads were milking-cow 120 heads, dry-up-cow 18 heads, rasing cattle 87 heads. 2. Average milk yield per a year of 138 heads milking-cow(including dry-up-cow) was 3.690kg. 3. Average 9.4kg of concentrate and 9.Okg of rougiiage(air dry matter) for milking-cow per a head were the daily feeding ration, nutrient content was 9.09kg of TDN and 1.24. kg of DCP, these content were more 53% of TDN and 82% of DCP than feeding standard (NRC). 4. The feed cost was 44%, the cost of labor 27%, manure and materials cost 5%, charge for renting and land rent 5%, depreciation cost of dairy cattle and building 16%, cost of small farming tools and other cost 3% of the total production cost. 5. Average production cost of milk per 1kg of milk was 32.25 won. average profit per 1kg of milk was 10.95 won (milk price was 43.2 won per 1kg). But it may be less than 28 won per 1kg of milk. 6. Average working time per 1 head of a year was 470 hours. But it may be less than 350 hours for the management of 8~10 heads per 1 person. 7. Out of the dairy farm-households surveyed, 11 houses were in the blade farming and 6 houses were in the red farming. Average pure profit per 1 head of a year was gained 20 thousand won that the rate of income may low. 8. Acording to the method of a simply commercial profit was gained to the rate of milk price for the gross profit and the rate of feed and labor cost for the production cost. Average commercial profit index has show 1.29 in the result of this farm survey. Commercial Profit index = milk price/rate of milk price for gross profit/cost of feed & labor/rate of feed & labor cost for production cost x 100 =17,956 thousand won/0.86/11,781 thousand won/0.71 x 100=1.29 It may be over 1.5 of the cmmercial profit index for 35 thousand won of the income per 1 head of a year.

단순지지된 샌드위치슬래브교량의 파괴강도해석

한지웅,한봉구 서울産業大學校 2005 논문집 Vol.54 No.2

현재 복합재료분야의 기술은 나날이 발전되고 있는 상황이다. 복합재료로 만드는 여러 가지 산업시설물과 생활용품 등이 제작 또는 생산되고 있는 실정이다. 그러나 아직까지도 토목분야에서는 옛날의 구시대적인 재료인 콘크리트와 강재를 이용하여 건물 및 교량 등을 건설하고있다. 여기에는 여러 가지 문제점이 있지만 그 중에서 가장 크게 문제가 되는 것은 복합재료의 이론이 너무 복잡하고 힘들다는 점에 있다. 일반 기술자가 사용하기에는 너무 어렵다는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 토목기술자가 복합재료의 설계적 마인드를 가질 수 있게 함과 동시에 실무설계를 할 수 있게 하였으며, 복합재료로 이루어진 교량을 설계하기위하여, 단면은 가장 경제적이면서 응력에 유리한 폼코어 형태를 채택하였고, 응력을 산출함에 있어서는 유한차분법 프로그램을 이용하였으며, 프로그램의 정확도는 Navier의 해와 비교하여 정확도를 입증하였다.

생활쓰레기에 대한 아산시민 의식 조사 분석

한성현,박종안,손부순,이종화,장봉기,염윤기 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 2002 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.8 No.2

This study was designed to identify the recognition and practice for delivery method of living waste, to find out the problem of currently delivery system of living waste and to recommend the more effected waste delivery system in Asan city. The size of sample was 1100 households of 50000 households who live in Asan area. The data was collected by questionnaire from June 1999 to May 2000, and the results were as follows; 1. The 58% respondents(housewives) has been answered to know for recycling method of living waste, and 50% of the respondents has been discharge separately the food. 2. The respondents has been answered that the priority for effected method of living waste delivery system in to discharge separately the living waste, to reduce the consumption and to charge for vinyl package.

가금티푸스 저항성 계통 선발을 위한 산란종계의 경제능력 검정에 관한 연구

한성욱,이봉덕,전익수 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2001 농업과학연구 Vol.28 No.2

가금티푸스에 저항성을 가진 합성종을 생산하기 위하여 갈색계통인 이사(ISA), 하이라인(Hyline), 로만(Lohman) 3 계통과, 백색계통인 인사 (ISA) 및 로만(Lohman) 2 계통의 종계(PS)에 대한 생존율, 사료섭취량, 체중, 성성숙일령, 시산 난중, 및 난질을 조사하였다. 성계 암컷 생존율(34주∼66주)은 갈색계통과 백색계통에서 각각 93.3%, 93.5%로 차이가 없었고, 수컷 생존율에도 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 수당사료 섭취량(21∼66주)은 암컷에서 갈색계통과 백색계통이 각각 113.9g과 114.3g으로 비슷한 수준이었으며, 수컷에서도 차이가 없었다. 성계 체중은 암·수 공히 갈색 산란종계 3계통 및 백색 산란종계 2계통간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 갈색과 백색 산란종계의 체중을 비교해 보면, 갈색 산란종계가 암컷과 수컷 모두 백색 산란종계 에 비하여 무거웠으나, 반복간에 변이가 워낙 커서 유의성은 검출되지 않았다. 성성숙일령은 갈색계통과 백색계통이 각각 147.8일과 140.5일로 갈색계통이 7일정도 늦었다(P<0.05). 산란율은 23-66주에서 갈색과 백색계통이 각각 75.0% 및 81.4%로 백색계통이 약 6% 높았다(P<0.05). 39주령에 갈색란과 백색란의 난질 성적을 비교해보면 Haugh Unit, 난형계수, 난황색, 난중에 있어서는 유의한 차이가 검출되지 않았다. 그러나 난각두께는 갈색 산란계통의 계란이 더 두꺼웠고, 난각강도도 유의하게 강한 것으로 나타났다. A preliminary experiment was conducted to produce fowl-typhoid resistant egg type breeds, using three brown egg layer breeders (ISA, Hyline, and Lohman) and two white egg layer breeders (ISA and Lohman). Various economic parameters were measured from day-old to mature stages using parent stocks of each breed. No significant difference in viabilities of mature hens from 34 to 66 wk of ages was found between brown(93.3%) and white(93.5%) egg layer breeders (P>0.05). Also, there was no difference in viabilities of mature cockerels. Although not significant the mature body weights of brown egg layer breeders tended to be heavier than those of the white egg layer breeders both in hens and cockerels. No difference in feed intakes of mature brown and white hens were detected. Ages of sexual maturity of white and brown egg layer hens were 147.7 and 140.5 d, respectively (P<0.05). Egg production of white egg layer hens during 23-66 weeks age was significantly higher than their counterpart (81.4% vs. 75.0%). Comparisons of Haugh Unit, egg shape index, yolk color, and egg weight between brown and white eggs were not significantly different, however, the brown eggshells were thicker and stronger than those of white eggs (P<0.05).

傳統的 離婚原因과 破綻主義에 關한 硏究(一) : 外國法을 中心으로 With Emphasis upon Foreign Laws

韓琫熙 全北大學校 1976 論文集 Vol.18 No.-

Divorce law reforms have been widely spread throughout the world since the 1960's. Because marital disruption is becoming one of the serious social problems of the present day. There has been much discussion among social scientists to find the best preventive solutions. In the end, they have found that the therapeutic approach instead of the judicial one, under the breakdown principle, is the best way to solve the problem. Under the above circumstances, the writer has researced the following major points in this study. In the second chapter of this study, he introduced briefly history of divorce in Roman law, Canon law and in the Reformation, in addition to that of the United Kingdom, the United States of America, France and Germany. In the third chapter of this study, he also introduced the various contents of the traditional grounds for divorce, i.e., adultery, desertion and cruelty in France, Germany, Great Britain, and the United States of America, the most important countries in civil and common law.

유리폐기물과 하수슬러지 소각재의 고형화 처리연구

한상목,신대용,윤봉구,김승겸 강원대학교 부설 석재복합신소재 제품연구센터 2002 석재연 논문집 Vol.7 No.-

하수슬러지 소각재, 폐유리분말 및 고로슬래그의 고형화에 의하여 건자재를 제조하였다. 하수슬러지 소각재는 SiO_2와 Al_2O_3가 75 wt%, Fe_2O_3가 8.21 wt%, 폐유리분말은 SiO_2 71.4 wt%, Na_2O 14.43 wt% 및 CaO 9.32 wt%, 고로슬래그는 SiO_2 33.4 wt%, CaO 41 wt% 및 Al_2O_3 14.5 wt%를 함유하여 세라믹스 제조원료로 사용이 가능하였다. 하수슬러지를 800℃에서 2시간 하소한 무기질분말을 분쇄하여 하수슬러지 소각재를 제조하였다. 30∼70 wt%의 하수슬러지 소각재, 30∼70 wt%의 폐유리분말 및 10∼30 wt%의 고로슬래그를 혼함하여 950∼1,100℃에서 2시간 소성하여 시편을 제조하였다. 하수슬러지 소각재 첨가량이 감소하고 폐유리분말의 첨가량과 소성온도가 증가하면 부피비중과 압축강도는 증가하였으나 기공률과 흡수율은 감소하였다. 1,050℃에서 소성한 시편(No. 1, 3, 5 및 7)의 부피비중은 1.70∼1.83, 기공률과 흡수율은 0.3∼2.4% 및 0.1∼1.5%, 압축강도 272∼323 kgf/㎠을 나타내었다. 고로슬래그를 첨가하여 1,100℃로 소성한 시편(No. 8, 9, 및 10)의 부피비중은 1.82∼2.11 및 압축강도는 350∼671 kgf/㎠이었다. 하수슬러지 소각재, 고로슬래그 및 시편의 중금속출량은 매립지 침출수배출 허용기준치보다 낮아, 본 연구에서 제조한 시편은 주변 환경에 해가 없어 건자재로의 이용이 가능하였다. An experimental study for the constructional material by solidification using sewage sludge ash, waste glass powder and blast furnace slag was carried out in the senses of waste materials disposal and utilization. The reusability of sewage sludge ash, waste glass powder and blast furnace slag as a raw material in the manufacturing process of ceramics was highly expected because the chemical compositions of these waste materials were mostly SiO_2 and Al_2O_3. Sewage sludge ash was fabricated by calcined at 800℃ for 2 hours and obtained by the crushing. The mixture of 30∼70wt% of sewage sludge ash, 30∼70 wt% of waste glass powder and 10∼30 wt% of blast furnace slag were heated at 950∼1,100℃ for 2 hours. The density and the compressive strength of specimen increased with increasing the sintering temperature and decreasing the addition amount of sewage sludge ash, No. 1, 3, 5 and 7 specimens showed the bulk density of 1.70∼1.83, porosity of 0.3∼2.4%, water absorption of 0.1∼1.5% and compressive strength of 272∼323kgf/㎠. And, that of the No. 7 specimen heated at 1,100℃ increased with increasing the addition amount of blast furnace slag, and for No. 8, 9 and 10 specimens, bulk density was 1.82∼2.11 and compressive strength was 350∼671 kgf/㎠. An extraction test for specimen to detect toxic materials showed below the permitted standard of land-filling extractable heavy metal contents. It was founded that the specimen were useful for the constructional materials.