Evaluating the effects of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) venom on the expression of insulin sensitivity and inflammation-related genes in co-culture of adipocytes and macrophages

Kim Hee‐Yeon,Jo Min Jeong,Nam So Yung,Kim Kwang Min,Choi Moon Bo,Lee Yong‐Ho 한국곤충학회 2020 Entomological Research Vol.50 No.5

Obese adipose tissue is characterized by adipocyte hypertrophy and a massive macrophage infiltration. The interaction between macrophages with mature adipocytes releases pro-inflammatory cytokines. This chronic inflammatory state can contribute to obesity-related complications, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, we can attempt to prevent and treat obesity-related diseases by inhibiting macrophage infiltration and blocking their interaction with adipocytes. Honey bee (Apis mellifera) venom (BV) has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. Although BV is used to treat chronic inflammatory diseases, few studies have addressed its use in obesity-associated inflammation. This study examines the inhibitory effects of BV on lipid accumulation in differentiating preadipocytes, inflammation, and insulin resistance in macrophages and adipocyte-macrophage co-culture system. We treated 3 T3-L1 preadipocytes with BV during differentiation. We later measured lipid accumulation and gene expression of master adipogenic transcription factors. After RAW264.7 and 3 T3-L1 cells were pretreated with BV, RAW264.7 cells were activated with LPS or co-cultured with pretreated 3 T3-L1 cells. Gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and insulin sensitizing genes was measured in these cells. BV inhibited lipid accumulation and C/EBPα and PPARγ gene expression during intermediate and late 3 T3-L1 cell differentiation. BV also suppressed gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (COX-2, iNOS, MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) in LPS-stimulated macrophages, and in co-culture of 3 T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW264.7 macrophages. However, adiponectin and GLUT-4 expression were both significantly increased by BV in co-culture. These findings demonstrate that BV attenuates adipocyte hypertrophy and improves obesity-related inflammation and insulin resistance in obese adipose tissue.

멜트오프(melt-off)기법과 진공 열 처리를 이용한 텍스타일 연구 : 주니치 아라이(Junichi Arai)작품을 중심으로 melt-off and Vacuum heat process

김호연,문보영 홍익대학교 산업디자인 연구소 2002 미술디자인 논문집 Vol.- No.7

Junichi Arai is a artist and designer who has produced textiles using the slit-yarn technique, a fruit of high technologies, has studied new materials through various chemical experiments, and prepared a developing basis for the textile and fashion industry by combining art with his research. The purpose of this research was to study textiles made using the melt-off technique and the vacuum heat process, and the textiles shown in the works of Junichi Arai were analyzed. Junichi Arai has produced textiles by developing the slit-yarn technique by which metals such as aluminum are plated onto polyester in a vacuum. He has also experimented with various metal textiles using the slit-yarn method and other metals such as titanium, and chrome, etc. He invented the melt-off technique by which aluminum and alkali are chemically reacted on textiles composed of those materials, and new textile patterns by applying the tie-dyed fabrics and resist printing technique. Though it is an artificial technique, it can produce accidental and natural patterns. This transparent textile perceiving light shows a kind of future textiles. Heating fibers is a method by which various changes in the process of making textures can be expected. Using this method, Junichi Arai developed tactile textiles using the vacuum heat transfer printing and the vacuum heat setting. He manufactured textiles with peculiar patterns by transferring dyes onto wrinkled textiles by using the feature of wrinkles on polyester and nylon being fixed permanently. Junichi Arai has manufactured more tactile and lively textures by transforming woven structures by inputting textiles into steamers. This was done by his peculiar experiments, which were different from fixed concepts about existing finishing processes. The textiles of Junichi Arai are applied to the fashion markets as well as textile works. His textiles can be regarded as materials, which give various senses to modern people by combining mechanically produced textiles and human handicrafts. By analyzing the working process of Junichi Arai, a pioneer in developing new materials, the possibility of designing textiles in which various fields are grafted was studied. Through this research, more peculiar and modern design patterns can be expected.

PZT/Polymer로 제작한 초음파 트랜스듀서의 전기적 특성

김연보 대구대학교 정보통신연구소 2009 情報通信硏究 Vol.6 No.1

본 연구는 현재 사용중인 초음파 트랜스듀서의 성능을 개선하기 위하여 PZT와 Polymer를 이용하여 Dice-and-fill 기술로 제작한 초음파 트랜스듀서의 전기적 특성을 조사한 것이다. PZT/Polymer로 제작된 초음파 트랜스듀서의 공진특성과 전기기계결합계수는 PZT의 부피분율이 0.6일 때 가장 우수한 값을 보였다. 이것의 PZT의 부피분율의 변화에 따른 음향임피던스는 PZT 부피분율의 감소에 따라 비례적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다.

2-2형 압전복합체의 전기적 특성

김연보,류정탁 대구대학교 정보통신연구소 2003 情報通信硏究 Vol.1 No.2

In this study, we have investigated on the development of ultrasonic transducers with 2-2 mode piezocomposites that have better piezoelectric activity and lower acoustic impedance than those of conventional piezoceramics. The piezocomposite ultrasonic transducer can solve the traditional acoustic impedance mismatching problems without the help of matching layers. In this study we have designed optimal material properties of the piezocomposite, and volume fraction and geometric shape of the piezoceramic. The accoustic impedance of 2-2 mode piezocomposite was linearly decreased with PZT volume fraction. The electromechanical coupling factor(kt) was uniformed about 0.68 in the 0.2 to 0.6. When the volume fraction of PZT was 0.2 the accoustic impedance was 3.2 Mrayl.

종파-횡파 동시 발진형 초음파 탐촉자 설계

김연보,노용래,남효덕 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1994 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.5 No.1

Most of conventional ultrasonic probes are constructed to generate either longitudinal or shear waves, but not combination of both waves. The ultrasonic probe that generates both of the longitudinal and shear waves simultaneously with a single PZT element was investigated. We studied the performance of a PZT element as a function of its rotation angle so that its efficiency is optimized to excite the two waves equally strongly. The results are verified by checking the impedance variation of the element with Finite Element Methods, and checking the wave form by Pulse-Echo test simulation. The validity of the theoretical calculation is verified through experiments.

마라톤후 발생한 열사병 1례

강보승,이정훈,송형곤,송근정,정연권 대한응급의학회 2000 대한응급의학회지 Vol.11 No.3

Heat stroke, a medical emergency, occurs when the body's thermal regulation is upset and unable to dissipate adequate amounts of heat with a rise in body temperature. It is characterized by hyperpyrexia, with a core temperature of 40˚C or more. hot dry skin, and central nervous system disturbance and usually results in rhabdomyolysis and multiorgan failure. Our case, a 43-year-old healthy male, was caused by a marathon, half course, on a sunny day in late summer. He suddenly fell down on the road and was delivered to a nearby hospital, where a seizure developed. He was transfered to our hospital and then displayed Central Nervous System disturbance, hot dry skin, acute liver failure, rhabdomyolysis, anurlc acute renal failure, and disseminated intravasculular coagulopathy. He was treated with general supportive care and hemofiltration. Despite the aggressive management, he died of shock on the fifth day after admission.

서울시내 주요 대학의 AV Center 운영 실태조사

이보연 이화여자대학교 사범대학 시청각교육과 1983 시청각 교육 Vol.- No.13

等方性 Ba-ferrite 磁石의 混合方法에 따른 特性의 變化

김연보 대구대학교 산업기술연구소 1985 産業技術硏究 Vol.4 No.-

The effects of Mixing Methods on the solid-state reaction in the system BaCO₃-Fe₂O₃ and magnetic properties of Barium Ferrite Magnets were studied. Mixtures were prepared by partial precipitation mixing and ball mill mixing methods using two different Fe₂O₃ powders. The samples of cylindrical shape were calcined at temperature 1000℃ for 4 hours and fired in the air 2 hours each between 1100℃ and 1300℃ at 50℃ intervals. Techniques used were Thermo gravimetry and DC Magnetic hysteresis loop tracter. Volume shrinkage, fired density, variation in weight and some magnetic properties were studied in two differant mixing methods. It is shown that the mixing methods have marked effects on the solid-state reaction and magnetic properties during calculation. as also on subsequents firing.

반응성염료와 건염염료의 홀치기염 효과에 관한 연구 : 착색발염기법을 중심으로

김호연,문보영 弘益大學校 2001 미술디자인 논문집 Vol.- No.6

For all of the complex methods and various working processes in Colored Discharge dyeing, it has enormous potential for designing textiles. Also, it has been appreciated for the variety of applications, the high quality of color, and good color fastness. In relation to these advantages of the Colored Discharge method, this thesis explores how it can be utilized in designing textiles for interior spaces and clothes through experiments with tie-dyeing. In doing so, first the thesis analyzes the general characteristics of reactive and vat dyes. Which include their different dyeing methods and processes observed through tie-dyeing with the Colored Discharge method. Then, it examines the various results and changes of patterns brought on by the way the fabrics are manipulated, and even explains how to pattern these results in the actual cloth. By comparing and analyzing the various effects of the colored discharge in experiments, this thesis provides the practical knowledge and instructions that are required for tie-dyeing with the Colored Discharge. In tie-dyeing with the Colored Discharge, the various patterns can be created from how the fabrics are tied. For example, the methods of tieing can create an organic pattern. The methods of folding are effective in making a repetitive pattern. For a more elaborate and precise pattern, the method of sewing is appropriate. One can also place the fabric between two boards that are clamped together which will dictate the pattern. One thing that is worth while to pay attention to is the halation that appears on the verge of the tie-dyed resisted area of the fabric while using vat dyes. Halation is a kind of unexpected effect from the Colored Discharge, and can produce a multiplicity of motifs with great profundities when it is applied in proper ways. Also, vat dyes in the Colored Discharge make it possible for the colors to be free to shift, from the light to the dark, or vice versa. Thanks to this color shifting, one can easily adjust the color, or use several colors together, or even re-dye the fabric according to the design intent and the state of the fabric after dyeing. As suggested in the process of Colored Discharge, modern dyeing calls for both the creativity and artistic sense of a designer and for the development of technology. Therefore, a constant effort should be made for the improvement of both fields.

Fe₂O₃와 BaCO₃의 反應에 미치는 Fe₂O₃粉體의 영향

김연보 대구대학교 산업기술연구소 1984 産業技術硏究 Vol.3 No.-

The effects of Fe₂O₃ particle size on the reaction between Ferric oxide and Barium carbonate were studied. Mixtures were prepared by partial presipitation mixing and ball-mill mixing methods using two different Fe₂O₃ powders. Techniques employed were X-ray diffraction analysis, termo-gravimetry and d.c. hysteresis loop tracer. It is shown that the particle size of Fe₂O₃ powder, as well as mixing method, have marked effects on the solid-state reaction and magnetic properties. The ferrite BaO·Fe₂O₃ results from the direct reaction of Barium carbonate with Ferric oxide at low temperatures. The reaction of BaO·Fe₂O₃ with Fe₂O₃ to give BaO·Fe₂O₃ requires higher temperatures. Possibility of using partial presipitation mixing in the large-scale production of Ba-ferrites has been proposed.