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연구논문 : 집단의 특성과 효과성의 관계에 대한 정서 경험의 매개효과 -교차수준 연구-
최보인 ( Bo In Choi ),권석균 ( Seong Kyeun Kwun ) 한국인적자원관리학회 2012 인적자원관리연구 Vol.19 No.3
본 연구는 집단의 특성과 효과성 간의 관계에서 정서의 매개효과를 검증하기 위한 교차수준 연구이다. 먼저 집단의 특성으로서 프로세스 활성화와 집단구성원의 감정지능이 집단 내 정서 경험에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 집단 프로세스 활성화는 집단의 응집성, 협동성, 의사소통의 정도로 측정하였다. 한편 정서 경험은 긍정적 정서와 부정적 정서로 구분하여, 긍정적 정서는 열정, 즐거움, 평온의 경험으로, 부정적 정서는 불안, 불쾌, 피로의 경험으로 측정하였다. 집단 효과성은 구성원의 학습 성장과 집단에 대한 만족도 등 개인수준에서 측정하였다. 연구가설로는 우선 집단의 맥락적 효과로서 집단 프로세스 활성화가 집단효과성에 미치는 교차수준의 영향관계를 구성원의 긍정적 및 부정적 정서 경험이 매개하는지 검증하였다. 아울러 집단 구성원의 개인특성인 감정지능이 구성원의 긍정적 및 부정적 정서 경험을 매개로 집단효과성에 영향을 미치는지에 대해서도 검증하였다. 실증의 결과, 긍정적 정서와 부정적 정서 모두 유의한 매개효과를 보여주었는데 전반적으로 긍정적 정서의 효과가 더 강하게 나타났다. 집단 프로세스 활성화와 집단효과성 간의 관계에 대하여 긍정적 및 부정적 정서는 모두 유의한 부분매개효과를 보여주었고, 감정지능과 집단효과성 간의 관계에서는 모두 유의한 완전매개효과를 보여주었다. 본 연구를 통해 집단구성원들의 정서 경험이 집단의 효과성을 높이는데 매우 중요한 변수라는 것을 알 수 있었다. 특히 긍정적 정서가 집단의 중요한 자산이라는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. A cross level study is designed to examine the mediating effects of affect on the relationship between group characteristics and individual-level group effectiveness. Group characteristics in this study include group process variables as well as group members` emotional intelligence. Selected group process variables are group cohesion, within-group cooperation and communication. Emotional intelligence is measured as the composite of 4 sub factors: self-emotions appraisal, others-emotions appraisal, use of emotion, and regulation of emotion. Group effectiveness variables are measured only at the individual level in this study. Those are group member`s team satisfaction as well as the degree of learning and growth through group activities, Adopted as mediators are the two factors of within-group affect experienced by individual group members: positive affect and negative affect. Positive affect is measured by the experienced passion, joy, and peace. Negative affect is measured by the experienced anxiety, discomfort, and fatigue. The survey data were collected from 358 employees in 50 work groups from the four large firms in Seoul metropolitan area. Empirical analyses resulted that both positive and negative affect types significantly mediate the relationship between group characteristics and effectiveness. The result also suggested stronger mediating effects of positive affect than negative affect in general. Both positive and negative affect types showed partial mediating effects on the relationship between group processes and effectiveness variables, while they showed complete mediating effects on the relationship between group member emotional intelligence and group effectiveness. The results of this study suggest that affective experiences by group members are critical to group effectiveness.
구성원 성격 다양성이 팀 성과와 만족에 미치는 영향과 변혁적 리더십의 조절효과
최보인(Choi Bo In),권석균(Kwun Seog Kyeun) 한국인적자원관리학회 2014 인적자원관리연구 Vol.21 No.5
팀 구성은 팀 유효성에 영향을 미치는 요인 중 주요한 한 가지이다. 본 연구는 팀 구성의 관점에서 구성원들의 심층 다양성(deep-level diversity), 그 중에서도 오랜시간 개인의 특성으로 자리잡혀있어 팀 활동전반에 걸쳐 그 영향력이 가장 크게 나타날 것이라고 기대되는 성격 다양성(personality diversity)의 효과를 살펴보았다. Big5 성격요인별 팀 구성원간 차이를 성격 다양성으로 정의하고, 팀 성과 및 팀 만족에 미치는 영향을 규명하였다. 다양성 관련 선행 실증 연구들의 결과 및 서로 다른 구성원간에는 긴장과 갈등이 높아진다는 유사성ㆍ매력 관점에 따라서 Big5 성격 다양성은 팀 유효성 변수에 부(-)의 영향을 미칠 것이라는 가설을 설정하였다. 또한 리더의 변혁적 리더십은 팀 성과 및 팀 만족에 직접적으로 정(+)의 영향을 미칠 것이며, 성격 다양성과 팀 유효성간 부정적 관계를 완화시킬 것이라는 가설을 설정하였다. 가설을 검증하기 위해 IT벤처기업, 종합에너지기업, 생활용품 제조기업 등 3개 기업에서 소규모로 운영되는 팀들을 선정하여 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 총 53개 팀, 333명의 데이터를 분석에 포함하였다. 분석 결과 big5 성격 다양성 중에서 성실성 다양성과 개방성 다양성이 팀 성과에 부(-)의 영향을, 친화성 다양성이 팀 만족에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 변혁적 리더십은 성격 다양성의 부정적 효과를 완화시킬 수 있는 가장 중요한 관리적 요소일 것이라고 예측하였다. 실증결과 변혁적 리더십의 요인 중 카리스마는 성격 다양성과 팀 성과간 관계의 부정적 효과를 완화시키는 것으로 나타났으며, 팀만족에 대해서는 성격 다양성과의 상호작용 효과보다 직접효과를 더 강하게 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구는 국내에서 실증연구가 부족한 심층 다양성의 효과를 한국 기업의 실질 팀에서 확인했다는 데에 의의가 있다. 향후 연구에서는 팀 유효성을 예측할 수 있는 보다 많은 팀 구성 변수들, 그리고 다양성 관리를 가능하게 해 줄 더 많은 조절 및 매개 변수의 도입을 고려할 수 있을 것이다. Team composition is one of the principal factors that affect team effectiveness. This study examines, from an angle of team composition, the effect of team members' deep-level diversity. Especially personality diversity which represent personal trait differences in a team is expected to have the significant influence on the whole team operations. We defined the differences among team members according to the Big5 personal factors such as personality diversity, and carried out a thorough investigation of the influences that the differences have on team performance and satisfaction. On the basis of preceding studies and 'similarityㆍattraction' views, we built hypotheses that the Big5 personal diversity will have negative effects on the team effectiveness variables. Transformational leadership will have a positive effect on team performance and team satisfaction, and mitigate the relationship between them. We posed a question to teams operating on a small scale at 3 companies(IT venture corporation, integrated energy company, & daily supplies manufacturing firm). And analyzed 53 teams with data from 333 members to test the hypotheses. As a result of the empirical analyses, among the Big5 personal diversities, conscientiousness diversity and openness-to-experience diversity were proved to have negative effects on the team performance. And agreeableness diversity has negative effects on team satisfaction. Therefore, we could see personality diversity has negative effects on the team in general. In the same way that hypothetical transformational leadership showed a positive effect on team performance and team satisfaction. We expected the transformational leadership to be the staple constituent in mitigating the negative effects of personality diversity, as a result of the analysis, charisma has weakened the negative relationship between personality diversity and team performance. This study is significant in that it verified the effect of deep-level diversity, which has lain untouched internally, in real-life teams of Korean corporations. In further studies, we can consider introduction of more diverse team constituent variables that could help estimate team validity, and introduction of more moderating variables and parameters which would enable management of diversity.
자발적 동기의 활성화: 핵심직무특성과 변혁적 리더십의 영향과 성과행동
권석균(Kwun Seog Kyeun),오승희(Oh Seung Hee),최보인(Choi Bo In) 한국인사관리학회 2016 조직과 인사관리연구 Vol.40 No.2
본 연구는 자기결정성이론에 근거하여 자발적 직무동기와 핵심직무특성, 변혁적 리더십 하위차원 요소들 및 성과를 위한 행동 간 관계를 고찰하기 위하여 설계되었다. 자발적 직무동기는 내재적 동기와 통합적 동기 및 동일시 동기의 세 유형으로 정의하고, 개인수준 상황변수인 핵심직무특성과 팀수준 상황변수인 변혁적 리더십이 직무동기에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 또한 양적인 측면의 시간적 노력 정도, 질적인 측면의 업무 몰입도, 그리고 새로운 도전을 시도하는 창의 행동으로 구성된 성과행동에 직무동기가 미치는 영향도 함께 고찰하였다. 근로자의 자발적 동기가 매우 중요한 자원일 것으로 여겨지는 소프트웨어 관련 벤처기업에서 데이터를 수집하였으며, 가설의 검증을 위해 다수준 구조방정식모형(MSEM) 분석을 실시하였다. 검증 결과, 핵심직무특성 중에서 과업중요성이 자발적 동기의 세 가지 유형 모두에 강한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 직무자율성은 내재적 동기에만 유의한 영향력을 보여주었고, 피드백은 동일시 동기에 다소 약하지만 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 변혁적 리더십 요소 중에서는 비전제시가 모든 유형의 자발적 동기를 강하게 유발하였다. 리더의 미래지향적인 비전제시는 부하가 업무수행의 즐거움과 가치적 통합 및 존재가치 인식을 높이고 자발성을 불러일으켜준다는 점을 확인할 수 있었다. 동기와 성과행동과의 관계에서는 동일시 동기가 시간적 노력, 업무 몰입, 창의 행동 모두에 강한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 한국인에게 동일시 동기의 효과성이 높음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 통합적 동기는 시간적 노력과 업무 몰입에, 내재적 동기는 업무 몰입과 창의 행동에 영향을 미치는 등 서로 다른 특성을 보여주었다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the antecedents and the consequences of autonomous motivation in job context. Following the self-determination theory, autonomous motivation is defined as three types: intrinsic motivation, integrated motivation, and identified motivation. Adopted are job characteristics and transfor-mational leadership as the antecedents of autonomous motivation. The five job characteristics are measured at the individual level, while transformational leadership is operationalized at the group level in terms of three components: vision sharing, intellectual stimulation, and individual consideration. The leadership variables are hypothesized to exert cross-level influences on autonomous motivation. The three types of autonomous motivation are expected to result in active performance behaviors, such as time input, work intensity, and creative problem-solving. We selected an IT venture company in Korea and surveyed all employee members of the company, thus obtaining 417 respondents from 37 teams. To test the research model, multilevel structural equations modeling was conducted by using Mplus 7.4. The advantage of Multi-level SEM is to allow us to examine all linkages among the variables of the multi-level model simultaneously. The results showed that all three types of autonomous motivation were positively related to task significance at individual-level and the vision sharing of transformational leadership at group-level. Job autonomy exerted positive effect on intrinsic motivation, and job feedback showed positive relationship with identified motivation. By contrast, no significant effect were found for task identity, intellectual stimulation, and individual consideration. Each of the autonomous motivation differed in the significant relationships with performance behaviors. Identified motivation was strongly associated with all performance behaviors. Integrated motivation was related to time input and work intensity, while intrinsic motivation showed significant relationship with time input and creative problem-solving. Theoretical and managerial implications are sought from the empirical findings. The limitations and future research directions are also discussed.
문화가치와 조직몰입의 관계: 아세안의 이슬람과 불교 문화권의 비교 연구
권석균 ( Kwun Seog Kyeun ),최보인 ( Choi Bo-in ) 한국외국어대학교 동남아연구소 2018 東南亞硏究 Vol.27 No.3
This study investigates the effects of cultural values on organizational commitment at the individual level in various companies in ASEAN. Adopted are two cultural value dimensions: individualism-collectivism and power distance among the 5 variables of the Hofstede’s cultural values. Organizational commitment is defined as three dimensions, namely affective, continuance, and normative commitment. The study also explores the moderating effects of differing religious values between Buddhist and Islamic countries in the ASEAN region. The data were collected from 4,407 employees working at 92 firms in Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, and Cambodia. Survey questionnaires based on previous studies were translated into Malay, Indonesian, Thai, Myanmar, Lao, and Cambodian language by the two local university professors and/or industry experts per each country. The data consisted of 2,286 from the two Islamic countries, Malaysia and Indonesia, and 2,121 from the other four Buddhist countries. Analyses of the data resulted in the significant positive effects of collectivism on the continuance and normative commitment. Power distance exerted negative influence on affective commitment and positive influence on continuance and normative commitment significantly. The moderating effects of religious differences on the relationship between collectivism and organizational commitment showed somewhat mixed results. The effects of collectivism on affective commitment was negatively moderated by the religious groups, and positively moderated on continuance commitment. The relationship between collectivism and normative commitment showed no difference between Buddhist and Islamic countries. On the other hand, the relationships between power distance and the three dimensions of organizational commitment showed stronger in Buddhist countries than in Islamic countries, suggesting individuals differences explain more variances in the relationship in Buddhist value-dominant societies. From the empirical findings, theoretical and practical implications are derived, and several research agenda for future studies are suggested in the realm of inter-cultural studies of organizational commitment.
젖소에서 유성분 분석을 통한 우군 건강관리프로그램의 개발
문진산,손창호,이보균,주이석,강현미,김종만,김병태,문현식,Moon, Jin-San,Son, Chang-Ho,Lee, Bo-Kyeun,Joo, Yi-Seok,Kang, Hyun-mi,Kim, Jong-Man,Kim, Byoung-Tae,Moon, Hyun-Sik 대한수의학회 2002 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.42 No.4
The purpose of this study was to develope a computer program to help with gross diagnosis of protein-energy balance and feeding management practice and with the prediction about the risk possibility of productive disease such as reproductive and metabolic disorders by evaluating fat, protein, and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) from individual cow milk in dairy herd Somatic cell counts also represent the condition of udder health. The principal flow charts of this program was to check on herd management, sampling the composite milk, analysis the milk composition, conversion of data from milking equipment to program, input and analysis of data in program, and report. This program is compatible with window 95/98 system. The major analytical elements of this program were presented as; the profile of herd lactation curve analysis of the test-day milk production level, the distribution of somatic cell count, the fat to protein ratio to evaluate body energy balance, and the interpretation of dietary protein-energy balance by milk protein and MUN contents for individual cows. This program using milk fat, protein, MUN, and somatic cell counts will serve as a monitoring tool for the protein-energy balance and the feeding management practice, and for distribution of mastitis in individual cows. It will also be used to manage the nutritional and reproductive disorders and mastitis at the farm level.
Shin, Chang-Hoon,Cha, Ji-Hoon,Rahimnejad, Samad,Jeong, Joon-Bum,Yoo, Byung-Woo,Lee, Bo-Kyeun,Ahn, Hyung-Jin,Choi, Soo-Il,Choi, Yun-Jeong,Park, Yong-Ho,Kim, Jeong-Dae,Lee, Kyeong-Jun Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.3
A 15-wk feeding trial was conducted to examine the supplemental effects of Barodon on growth performance, gastrointestinal histology, feed digestibility and innate immunity in olive founder. A basal commercial diet was used as a control and two other diets were prepared by spraying 0.1% or 0.2% of Barodon. Triplicate groups of fish (BW, 145 g) were fed one of the test diets to apparent satiation twice daily. At the end of the feeding trial, fish growth performance was not significantly affected by dietary treatments; however, feed utilization was significantly improved (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) by Barodon supplementation. Significantly higher (p<0.05) survival rates were obtained in fish fed Barodon containing diets. Hepatosomatic index increased significantly in Barodon treated groups. Also, the use of Barodon resulted in significant increase (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) of intestine length and number of goblet cells. Significantly higher (Quadratic, p<0.05) apparent digestibility coefficient of DM was obtained by supplementation of Barodon. Lysozyme and myeloperoxidase activities increased quadratically and linearly, respectively, in Barodon treated fish. Also, significantly higher (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) superoxide dismutase activity was found in Barodon fed fish. The findings in this study show that inclusion of Barodon in diets for olive flounder improves feed utilization and digestibility, and positively affects digestive tract histology and innate immunity.
젖소에서 유성분 분석을 통한 영양상태 평가 및 건강관리에 관한 연구 II. 우유중 단백질과 요소태질소 농도에 영향을 주는 생리적 요인
문진산(Jin San Moon),주이석(Yi Seok Joo),임숙경(Suk Kyung Im),장금찬(Gum Chan Jang),윤용덕(Yong Dhuk Yoon),위성환(Sung Hwan Wee),이보균(Bo Kyeun Lee),박용호(Young Ho Park),손창호(Chang Ho Son) 한국예방수의학회 2000 예방수의학회지 Vol.24 No.2
유성분 측정에 의하여 젖소의 영양상태를 평가분석하여 젖소의 건강과 생산성을 향상시키기 위하여 1998년 11월부터 1999년 12월까지 전국 1.099개 목장 27,495두의 착유우를 대상으로 산차별, 비유일령별 유성분의 변화와 유성분치와 산유량 그리고 젖소 체점수(BCS)와의 관련성을 비교ㆍ조사하였다. 유단백질은 초산우에 비하여 경산우가 높았고 분만 후 비유일령이 경과됨에 따라 유량은 점점 줄어들지만 반대로 유지율과 단백질율은 늘어나고 유당율은 모든 비유기간 동안 큰 변동을 보이지 않았다. 우유중 요소태질소 수준은 초산우가 경산우에 비하여 상대적으로 낮은 수치를 보였으며, 비유일령별로는 분만후 30일 이내의 우유에서 가장 높은 농도를 보인 뒤 점차적으로 감소한 후 모든 비유기간 동안 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 우유중 요소태질소 수준은 유량에 큰 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 조사되었다. 하지만 이러한 생리적 요인에 의한 차이는 매우 미세한 것으로 나타났다. 한편 체점수 상태에 따른 우유중 요소태질소 수준은 비유초기의 체점수 2.50 이하와 3.25 이상에서 적정상태보다 상대적으로 낮은 우유중 요소태질소 수준을 나타내었으며, 비유중기와 말기에는 적정기준보다 체점수 값이 높을 때 상대적으로 낮은 것으로 조사되었다. 우유중 요소태질소와 다른 유성분과의 관계에서는 우유중 요소태질소와 유당과는 반비례적인 상관 관계(r=-0.41)를 나타내었다. 이와 같이 유단백질과 우유중 요소태질소를 측정하여 젖소의 영양상태를 평가할 때에는 검사결과에 영향을 줄 수 있는 젖소의 생리적 변화를 고려해야 젖소의 영양상태를 좀 더 정확하게 평가할 수 있을 것이다. Milk urea nitrogen(MUN)and milk protein(MP) increasingly used as indicators of the protein-energy balance, the actual farm feeding practice and the related nutritional disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine biological relationships among milk production, body condition score(BCS) and milk composition and to investigate the effects of parity, milk yield, days in lactation, somatic cell count on MUN and MP in Holstein dairy cows. Milk yield and milk composition were strongly influenced by stage of lactation, parity and condition of mastitis in cows. After initiation of lactation, milk yield was peaked at approximately 31~60 day in milk for each parity and reached negative energy balance of body fat. Milk fat and protein contents were the highest initially and decreased until about 31 tc 60 day into lactation, and increased thereafter. High parity was associated with high MUN levels. MUN content was increased during the first 30 days of lactation and decreased until the end of lactation. The condition of body fat by stage of lactation influenced in MUN level. A significant relationship between milk lactose and MUN contents was found(r=-0.41). Therefore, when MUN and MP analysis are used for gross diagnosis of protein-energy balance and feeding management practice at the farm level, the relationships between MUN and MP in parity, daily milk yield, days in milk, and BCS need to be considered.
젖소에서 유성분 분석을 통한 영양상태 평가 및 건강관리에 관한 연구 III. 고능력우 위주의 대규모 목장에서 우유중 단백질과 요소태질소 수준이 수태율에 미치는 영향
문진산,주이석,장금찬,윤용덕,이보균,박용호,손창호,Moon, Jin-san,Joo, Yi-seok,Jang, Gum-chan,Yoon, Yong-dhuk,Lee, Bo-kyeun,Park, Young-ho,Son, Chang-ho 대한수의학회 2000 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.40 No.2
Milk urea nitrogen (MUN) determination is being used an indicator of the protein-energy balance in dairy herds. A faulty balance can be corrected to optimize milk production and animal health. This parameter is regarded as a potential tool to evaluate suboptimal feeding practices and reproductive disorders. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the response of milk composition by regular feeding analysis and to compared the relationship between MUN and milk protein(MP) and fertility at the insemination period in Holstein dairy cows. Total of 355 artificial insemination (AI) for 150 Holstein cows in the herd were used to examine the relationship between MUN and MP content and conception rate. The AI occured for the cows 50 to 150 day in milk, and MUN and MP concentration were determined using automated infrared procedures. The mean${\pm}$standard deviation of MUN and MP concentration in the herd were $15.6{\pm}2.1mg/dl$ and $3.23{\pm}0.38%$, respectively. MUN contents of bulk milk were increase by elevated crude protein intake. The conception rate was lower in the cows in which the level of MUN was lower than > 8.0mg/dl (10.0%) or > higher than 25mg/dl (15.4%) relative to the cows in MUN content of 12.0~17.9 mg/dl (36.7%) at the time of insemination. Also, lower MP than 3.0% or higher MP than 3.25% were associated with a lower conception rates. Consequently, MUN and MP analyses may be used serve as a monitoring tool of protein and energy nutritional balance to improve reproduction efficiency in Holstein dairy cows.