INNOCENCE IN EDUCATION

BLOOM, BENJAMIN S. 이화여자대학교 사범대학 교육학과 1972 교육 연구 Vol.- No.40

The Social and Linguistic Turns in Literacy Theory A Retrospective and Prospective View

David Bloome,김민영 서울대학교 국어교육연구소 2015 국어교육연구 Vol.36 No.-

The study of literacy and language education has undergone two major philosophic shifts in its evolution: the social turn in the study of literacy and the linguistic turn in the social sciences. These shifts have changed not only what counts as literacy – from a set of decontextualized cognitive and linguistic skills to social practices in which the use of written language is non-trivial –, but also what the nature of language, literacy, and even personhood is. These turns also have revealed that the work of teaching and researching of language and literacy does not exist as culturally and politically neutral, separable from local and global social, economic, and political contexts. In this manuscript, we briefly review the philosophical discussions of the linguistic turn in the social sciences and the social turn in the study of literacy. To illustrate how close analysis of classroom events reflects and refracts the linguistic turn and the social turn, we focus on analysis of a seventh grade classroom language arts lesson. Analysis of the classroom lesson reveals how students are doing literacy by using the text as a tool and prop for deconstructing and reconstructing the world in which they live.

Nationalist Ideals, Aesthetic Models & the Triumph of Early Netherlandish Painting

James Bloom 서양미술사학회 2009 서양미술사학회논문집 Vol.31 No.-

본 논문은 역사에 대한 분석이 아닌 역사 기술에 대한 비평의 렌즈를 통해서 내셔널리즘과 미술사를 다룬다. 이 연구는 15세기와 16세기 네덜란드 미술을 연구함에 있어서, 북부 르네상스 미술의 역사적 전개에 미친 국가주의 이데올로기의 중대한 역할에 대한 최근의 관점들을 토대로 한다. 19세기 말과 20세기 초 연구는 학자들로 하여금 자연주의, 국가성, 근대성 간의 관계를 강조하는 논의들을 통해 도출된 판단들을 연구의 기초로 삼게 만드는 특정 이데올로기적 입장에 의해서 형성되었다. 본고에서는 연구의 관점을 양식의 평가가 아니라 사회적 기능의 조건을 고찰하는 것으로 변화시킴으로써 이러한 비평의 방식을 확장해보고자 한다. 특별히 본 논문이 주목하고 있는 것은 15세기 네덜란드 미술에 대한 근대 미술사적 분석이 패널 회화에서 이끌어진 미학적 경험의 모델에 중점을 두어왔음에도 불구하고, 그 매체가 당대의 엘리트 사회에 의해 소비된 시각적 매체의 위계 속에서 주변적 위치만을 점유했다는 사실이다. 이러한 부조화에 따른 역사적 결과는 15세기 북부 귀족 계층의 시각적 소유물에 대한 역사적인 재고를 통해서, 또한 이 분야에 대한 초기 연구의 토대였던 국가주의적 아젠다 안에 역사를 재맥락화함으로써 규명될 수 있다. 15세기 네덜란드 회화 연구는 대부분 양식과 내용의 평가를 통해 이루어져왔다. 이 두 가지 모두 작품의 미학적 경험에 있어서 상상의 역할을 강조하고 대상의 비물질화를 독려하는 방식이다. 실제로 이 회화 작품들은 오브제라기보다 이미지로 간주되어왔다. 그러나 15세기 귀족정치가 비천한 재료로 가공된 회화와는 상대가 되지 않을 정도의 미학적 가치 체계보다도 더 우선순위를 두었던 것이 바로 물질이었다. 당대 엘리트의 시각적 매체였던 타피스트리는 금, 은, 비단, 양털과 같은 엄청난 양의 값비싼 재료로 직조되었다. 그러나 그것들이 활용된 환경은 회화의 경우와 매우 달랐다. 타피스트리는 호화로운 궁전 공간을 완전하게 뒤덮는 기념비적인 형상의 장이었다. 타피스트리의 도상학적인 프로그램은 종종 제후의 권위를 정당화하는 주제적인 내러티브로 나타났고, 궁전 안 귀족들의 옷은 종종 그들을 둘러싼 타피스트리와 같은 천으로 만들어졌다. 여기에서 회화 자체에만 한정된 전형적인 시각적 분석을 넘어서, 귀족의 특권으로서의 퍼포먼스, 즉 신체의 참여 가능성이 제기된다. 귀족들의 몸은 그들을 둘러싼 타피스트리 속의 내러티브로 재현되었고, 이는 귀족계층이 누릴 수 있었던 사회적 특권을 반영한다. 이처럼 배경의 이미지에 신체 행위가 개입되는 것을 지속적으로 강조하는 측면은 피터 브뤼겔(Pieter Bruegel the Elder)의 작품과 비교해서 논의될 수 있다. 최근의 연구들은 수많은 피터 브뤼겔의 농민 회화작품 소장가들이 하객들에게 농민복장을 입도록 하는 사치스러운 디너 유흥을 주관해왔음을 주장해왔다. 이러한 점은 15세기 귀족정치와 귀족들의 궁을 장식했던 타피스트리 사이에 나타나는 신체적 관계와 대응된다. 결론적으로 이러한 신체 행위적 개입은 19세기 미학을 이끌었던 명백하게 국가주의적이고 반(反)연극적인 전제를 교란시킬 수 있는 가능성이 있다고 할 수 있다.

日本內 外國人投資企業의 R&D 活動 및 環境

Justin L. Bloom,Orlando Camargo,김기국(번역자) 과학기술정책연구원 1992 과학기술정책 Vol.- No.22

소아에서의 천골무형성 : 15년간 임상 고찰

서홍진,harry P Koo,David A Bloom 대한배뇨장애 및 요실금학회 2001 International Neurourology Journal Vol.5 No.2

렛트에서 단기간의 갑상선 기능 변화에 따른 혈중 렙틴 농도의 변화

김민선,윤초야,조영민,정혜승,신찬수,박경수,김성연,조보연,이홍규,Stephen R. Bloom 대한내분비학회 2002 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.17 No.2

Background: Leptin, an adipocyte derived hormone, and thyroid hormone have similar effects on energy homeostasis, such that a shortage of both hormones is associated with decreased energy expenditure and increased body weight. Therefore, for the maintenance of energy homeostasis may require a close interaction between leptin and thyroid hormone. This study was performed to investigate the change in plasma leptin levels relating to short-term thyroid manipulation causing no significant change in body weight. Methods: Hypothyroidism was induced by surgical thyroidectomy and hyperthyroidism by subcutaneous injection of 50 g of L-T_3/100 g body weight/day, for 5 days, in 6∼8 weeks old male Wistar rats. Body weights and food intakes were monitored daily until sacrifice. Plasma samples were collected, and the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (T_3) and leptin levels measured. The plasma leptin levels in rats with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism were compared with those of body weights at death and food intakes during the study, atched controls. Results: The rats treated with L-T_3 consumed equal amount of food as freely fed, rats but their final body weights were significantly lower (L-T_3 treated 220.0±1.8 vs. freely fed 226.0±2.0 g, p<0.05). There was no difference in food intake during study, and final body weight, between the thyroidectomised rats and their paired controls (thyroidectomised 220.4±1.7 vs. paired 223.9±4.7g, P=NS). Plasma leptin levels in the L-T3 treated rats were significantly lower than those in freely fed rats (L-T3 treated 1.7±0.1 vs. freely fed 4.8±0.2 ng/ml, p<0.005). Conversely, the thyroidectomised rats had higher plasma leptin levels, compared to those of their paired controls (thyroidectomised 4.8±0.3 vs. paired 1.7±0.1 ng/ml, p<0.005). Conclusion: The Plasma leptin levels in the rats were decreased by short term hyperthyroidism, while they were increased by short term hypothyroidism. These findings suggest that thyroid hormones may affect the production or secretion of leptin

A Computer-based Training Intervention for Work Supervisors to Respond to Intimate Partner Violence

Glass, Nancy,Bloom, Tina,Perrin, Nancy,Anger, W. Kent Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2010 Safety and health at work Vol.1 No.2

Objectives: Intimate partner violence (IPV), commonly known as domestic violence is a problem throughout the world. An estimated 36% to 75% of employed abused woman are monitored, harassed and physically assaulted by their partners or ex-partners while trying to get to work and while at work. The objective of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of interactive training to increase knowledge, change perceptions and develop an intention to address domestic violence that spills over into the workplace. Methods: Community-based participatory research approaches were employed to develop and evaluate an interactive computer-based training (CBT) intervention, aimed to teach supervisors how to create supportive and safe workplaces for victims of IPV. Results: The CBT intervention was administered to 53 supervisors. All participants reacted positively to the training, and there was a significant improvement in knowledge between pre- and post-training test performance (72% versus 96% correct), effect size (d) = 3.56. Feedback from focus groups was more productive than written feedback solicited from the same participants at the end of the training. Conclusion: Effective training on the impacts of IPV can improve knowledge, achieving a large effect size, and produce changes in perspective about domestic violence and motivation to address domestic violence in the workplace, based on questionnaire responses.

Intercollegiate coaches’ experiences with elite international athletes in an American sport context

Catherine Duchesne,Gordon A. Bloom,Catherine M. Sabiston 한국코칭능력개발원 2011 International Journal of Coaching Science Vol.5 No.2

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the knowledge and experiences of intercollegiate soccer coaches who have worked with a large number of international athletes. Six head coaches participated in a semi-structured open-ended personal interview. At the time of data collection, each participant was coaching a women’s Division 1 NCAA university soccer team in the United States. Results of the analysis generated knowledge and strategies for coaching culturally diverse athletes and teams. More specifically, all of the coaches appeared to possess a similar level of cultural awareness and understanding which ultimately helped their international athletes’ to grow and develop personally, academically, and athletically.

A MACHINE-LEARNING METHOD TO INFER FUNDAMENTAL STELLAR PARAMETERS FROM PHOTOMETRIC LIGHT CURVES

Miller, A. A.,Bloom, J. S.,Richards, J. W.,Lee, Y. S.,Starr, D. L.,Butler, N. R.,Tokarz, S.,Smith, N.,Eisner, J. A. IOP Publishing 2015 The Astrophysical journal Vol.798 No.2

<P>A fundamental challenge for wide-field imaging surveys is obtaining follow-up spectroscopic observations: there are >10(9) photometrically cataloged sources, yet modern spectroscopic surveys are limited to similar to fewx10(6) targets. As we approach the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope era, new algorithmic solutions are required to cope with the data deluge. Here we report the development of a machine-learning framework capable of inferring fundamental stellar parameters (T-eff, log g, and [Fe/H]) using photometric-brightness variations and color alone. A training set is constructed from a systematic spectroscopic survey of variables with Hectospec/ Multi-Mirror Telescope. In sum, the training set includes similar to 9000 spectra, for which stellar parameters are measured using the SEGUE Stellar Parameters Pipeline (SSPP). We employed the random forest algorithm to perform a non-parametric regression that predicts Teff, log g, and [Fe/H] from photometric time-domain observations. Our final optimized model produces a cross-validated rms error (RMSE) of 165 K, 0.39 dex, and 0.33 dex for T-eff, log g, and [Fe/H], respectively. Examining the subset of sources for which the SSPP measurements are most reliable, the RMSE reduces to 125 K, 0.37 dex, and 0.27 dex, respectively, comparable to what is achievable via low-resolution spectroscopy. For variable stars this represents a approximate to 12%-20% improvement in RMSE relative to models trained with single-epoch photometric colors. As an application of our method, we estimate stellar parameters for similar to 54,000 known variables. We argue that this method may convert photometric time-domain surveys into pseudo-spectrographic engines, enabling the construction of extremely detailed maps of the Milky Way, its structure, and history.</P>

Holocene Sea-Level History in the Yellow Sea, Korea

Yong Ahn Park(朴龍安),Arther L Bloom 대한지질학회 1984 지질학회지 Vol.20 No.3