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Bitna Kang,Jeong A Yoon,송임숙,Young Taek Han,Min-Koo Choi 사단법인 한국질량분석학회 2019 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.10 No.3
A sensitive analytical method of rhodanthpyrone A in rat plasma was developed using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Rhodanthpyrone A and rhodanthpyrone B (internal standard) in rat plasma were extracted by a liq-uid-liquid extraction method with ethyl acetate. This extraction method gave results in high and reproducible extraction recovery in the range of 73.75-79.90% with no interfering peaks around the peak elution time of rhodanthpyrone A and B. The standard calibra- tion curves for rhodanthpyrone A ranged from 0.5 to 2000 ng/mL were linear with r 2 > 0.994 and the inter- and intra-day accuracy and precision and the stability were within acceptance criteria. Using this validated analytical method, pharmacokinetics of rhodanth-pyrone A following intravenous and oral administration of rhodanthpyrone A at doses of 2 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg, respectively, were investigated. Rhodanthpyrone A in rat plasma showed multi-exponential elimination pattern with high clearance and volume of dis-tribution values. The absolute oral bioavailability of this compound was calculated as 3.7%. Collectively, the newly developed sensi-tive LC-MS/MS analytical method of rhodanthpyrone A could be successfully applied to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of this compound and would be useful for the further studies on the efficacy, toxicity, and biopharmaceutics of rhodanthpyrone A
Bitna Jang,Jonghyun Jeong,Kyu‑Nam Heo,Youngil Koh,Ju‑Yeun Lee 대한혈액학회 2024 Blood Research Vol.59 No.1
Background Although most studies on the cardiovascular toxicity of proteasome inhibitors have focused on carfilzomib, the risk of cardiotoxicity associated with bortezomib remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of cardiovascular adverse events (CVAEs) associated with bortezomib in patients with multiple myeloma in a real-world setting. Methods This cross-sectional study included patients who were treated with bortezomib at a tertiary hospital in South Korea. CVAEs, defined as hypertension, arrhythmia, heart failure, myocardial infarction, pulmonary arterial hypertension, angina, and venous thromboembolism, were detected using cardiac markers, ECG, echocardiography, medications, or documentation by clinicians. The patients were observed for at least 6 months and up to 2 years after starting bortezomib administration. Results Among the 395 patients, 20.8% experienced CVAEs of any grade, and 14.7% experienced severe adverse events. The median onset time for any CVAE was 101.5 days (IQR, 42–182 days), and new-onset/worsened hypertension was the most prevalent CVAE. The risk of CVAEs increased in patients with a body mass index lower than 18.5 (adjusted HR (aHR) 3.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-11.72), light chain (1.80, 1.04-3.13), and IgD (4.63, 1.06-20.20) as the multiple myeloma subtype, baseline stroke (4.52, 1.59-12.80), and hypertension (1.99, 1.23-3.23). However, CVAEs did not significantly affect the 2-year overall survival and progression-free survival. Conclusion Approximately 15% of the Korean patients treated with bortezomib experienced severe CVAEs. Thus, patients, especially those with identified risk factors, should be closely monitored for CVAE symptoms during bortezomib treatment.
데이터 접근 패턴을 고려한 요구 기반 FTL 내 캐시의 동적 관리 기법
이빛나(Bitna Lee),송내영(Naeyoung Song),고건(Kern Koh) 한국정보과학회 2012 정보과학회논문지 : 시스템 및 이론 Vol.39 No.1
Flash memory is widely used in mobile devices due to these features like low consumption and the high performance. Flash Translation Layer (FTL) is the software layer managing the mapping between Flash memory and upper layers, which affects the entire performance of Flash devices. In various FTL scheme, page-level FTL has the flexibility and the high performance, but the size of the page mapping table is a big disadvantage. To solve this problem, Demand-based FTL (DFTL) has been proposed, which only keeps frequently used mapping addresses in mapping table cache. In DFTL, overhead is occurred by Flash memory accesses when the hit ratio of CMT (Cached Mapping Table) is decreased. These problems are common, even in general sequential accesses. Thus, we propose a scheme which predicts storage access pattern and reads referenced entry of CMT in advance. This scheme predicts storage access pattern and puts the continuous mapping address in CMT when these accesses are sequential. In that case, the amount of address entries is managed dynamically. It also determines whether evicted entry is accessed repeatedly for recognizing the occurrence of thrashing. Finally, we propose a replacement policy of CMT. In the experimental results, the proposed scheme reduces average response time by read 26%, write 23% with a little space overhead compared to an existing DFTL. 플래시 메모리는 낮은 전력 소비와 높은 성능으로 인해 휴대용 기기에 널리 사용되고 있다. FTL은 플래시 내 자료를 관리하는 소프트웨어 계층으로 플래시 전체의 성능에 영향을 끼친다. 그 중 페이지 레벨 매핑 기법을 적용한 FTL은 유연성이 높고 속도가 빠르나 주소 변환 테이블의 크기가 큰 단점이 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해 자주 접근되는 영역의 매핑 주소만을 매핑 테이블 캐시에 올려놓는 Demandbased FTL(DFTL)이 제안되었다. DFTL에서는 CMT(Cache Mapping Table)의 적중률이 떨어지는 경우 빈번한 플래시 메모리 접근 오버헤드가 발생하게 된다. 이러한 문제는 흔히 발생하는 일반적인 순차 접근에서조차 문제가 된다. 이에 본 논문에서는 저장 장치의 접근 패턴을 예측하여 CMT의 참조 엔트리를 미리 읽어오는 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법은 저장 장치 접근 패턴의 순차성을 판단하여 연속된 매핑 주소를 미리 CMT에 올려놓고, 읽어오는 매핑 주소 엔트리의 양은 동적으로 관리한다. 추가적으로 CMT에서 발생하는 쓰레싱(thrashing)을 파악하기 위해 쫓겨나는 희생 엔트리의 접근 여부를 분석하여 이를 활용하였으며, CMT의 교체 기법에 대해 제안하였다. 실험 결과에서 본 기법은 기존의 DFTL에 비해 약간의 공간 오버헤드와 함께 읽기 26%, 쓰기 23% 감소한 평균 응답 시간을 보였다.