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( Bishnu Raj Tiwari ),( Suresh Jaiswal ),( Sanju Bastola ),( Bimala Sharma ) 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1
Aims: Hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) is public health problem in Nepal. The prevalence of HBV was found to be below 1% (0.9%), however some subgroup of population showed high prevalence by various studies. The study aimed to determine the knowledge of Hepatitis B virus infection among health science students of Pokhara University, Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was done among 200 students of health and allied science of Pokhara University using a structured self-administered questionnaire method. The questionnaire was prepared based on the previous studies. Students from public health, laboratory science, pharmacy and nursing disciplines were enrolled in the study. The information was collected from January to February, 2020. Mean knowledge score of HBV was measured based on 28 related questions as it was done in previous study, in which each correct answer was coded 1 and incorrect answer as 0, resulting the maximum score of 28 for all right answers. Descriptive statistics, and chisquare test, independent sample t test and one -way ANOVA test were applied. Results: Of the total, 74.5% of the respondents were females; and mean age of the respondents was 20.6 (SD ±1.48) years. Mean knowledge score of HBV was 19.48 (SD±2.72) out of 28. The mean knowledge score was 19.90 (SD± 2.67) among females and 18.33 (SD±2.53) among males; there was significant difference in the mean knowledge score between males and females (p value <0.05). Similarly, there was also significant difference in the mean knowledge score among the students of different disciplines of health science (p value <0.05); the highest mean was observed among nursing students which was 21.22 (SD+2.64). Regarding the individual questions, 98% respondents agreed that hepatitis B infection is caused by a virus. Among all, 16.5% respondents agreed that hepatitis B infection can be spread by mosquitoes; the statement was significantly different by sex (P<0.05). Of the total, 41.9% agreed that hepatitis B can be spread through close personal contact such as kissing or talking, 29.5% agreed that sharing dishes with HBV positive patients can cause the spread of virus; 97% reported that hepatitis B is spread through blood-to-blood contact; and 86.5% respondents mentioned that sexual transmission is a common way hepatitis B is spread. Of total, 91% students agreed that there is a vaccine for HBV. Among all, 84% students agreed that HBV is associated with an increased risk of liver cancer and 87.5% mentioned that HBV can lead to liver cirrhosis. Of the total, 58.5% agreed that having a medical and/or dental procedure increases a person’s chances of contracting HBV; 69.5% students believed that symptoms appear soon after the entrance of HBV into the body; 55.8% agreed that symptoms always appear after the entrance of HBV to the body; 38.5% students agreed that people with HBV should be restricted from working in the food industry; and 64.5% students reported that there is a pharmaceutical treatment available for hepatitis B; and the agreement with all the above statements had statistically significant association with sex (p value <0.05). Conclusions: The mean knowledge score of HBV infection was found satisfactory among health science students of Pokhara University, Gandaki province, Nepal. Significant differences were observed in the mean knowledge score of HBV by sex and different disciplines of health science. The curriculum of all health science disciplines should be comprehensive to cover all aspect of HBV infection
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Drought tolerance screening of maize inbred lines at an early growth stage
Bishnu Adhikari,사규진,이주경 한국육종학회 2019 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.7 No.4
Drought is one of the major abiotic factors that have a serious effect on the production of cereals crops including maize,which is grown widely in the world. Screening based on drought facilitates selection of inbred lines and an understanding of droughttoleranttraits. The effect of drought stress and rescue after stress on maize inbred lines was investigated in this study. Different plantgrowth attributes namely plant height, leaf area and weight, stem weight, root length, shoot and root fresh and dry weight, and total leafchlorophyll content were measured. Six flint inbred lines (FLD 12, FLD 23, FLD 24, FLD 33, FLD 35, and FLD 37) were screened asdrought-tolerant lines, whereas another six flint inbred lines (FLD 01, FLD 13, FLD 16, FLD 18, FLD 29, and FLD 31) were screenedas drought susceptible lines. Growth attributes under different drought conditions were subjected to a correlation test and analysis ofvariance and showed highly significant relationships with each other. The drought effect differed with different inbred lines, indicatinga wide variability of drought response at the early growth stage of maize plants. The results obtained from this study will be useful forselecting maize inbred lines in future breeding programs for enhancing drought tolerance.
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( Bishnu Raj Tiwari ),( Gyanendra Bikram Shah ),( Krishna Gurung ),( Mamita Khaling Rai ) 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1
Aims: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are rapidly spreading in the developing countries. The study assessed seroprevalence and risk perception of HBV and HCV among healthylooking adults in Western Region, Nepal Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among voluntary blood donors in collaboration with Regional Blood Transfusion Service, Kaski. A total of 1878 adults (18-58 years) attending for voluntary blood donation from November, 2016 to February, 2017 at Pokhara valley was enrolled in the study. Background characteristics and risk perception was assessed by interview. Risk perception was measured by Likert-type scale: ‘no risk’, ‘little’, moderate, high and very high risk, ranging from 1 to 5. Blood samples were analyzed for the presence of HCV antibodies and HBsAg by ELISA. Proportion of seropositive status was computed, and t-test was applied to find out the mean difference. Results: Of total, 86.9% were male, 62.7% were 20-34 years old, 62.6% married, 5% had multiple sex partners, and 9.2% made tattoo piercing. Seroprevalence of HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies was 0.7% and 0.4%, respectively. Seroprevalence of HBsAg was 0.7% in male and 0.8% in female; 0.9% in married; 1.1% in subjects with multiple sex partners; and 0.9% in ≥35 years old. Seroprevalence of anti-HCV antibodies was 0.5% in male and 0.0% in female, 0.6% in married, 0.9% in ≥ 35 years old, and 1.2% in tattoo piercing group. Mean risk perception of HBVand HCV was 2.73 and 2.67 in total (P<0.05); 2.69 and 2.64 in male, and 2.93 and 2.84 in female, respectively, both were significantly higher in female (p<0.05). Conclusions: This indicates intermediate level of endemicity of HBV and lower seroprevalnce of HCV infection in Nepal. Higher seroprevalence of HBsAg was found among married, having multiple sex partners and older; and of anti-HCV antibodies among male, married, older and tattoo piercing individuals. However, risk perception of both HBV and HCV was higher among females.
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Bishnu Hari Wagle,Ram P. Sharma 한국산림과학회 2012 Forest Science And Technology Vol.8 No.1
Individual tree growth models are important decision-making tools for forest management. We developed individual tree basal area growth models with Blue pine (Pinus wallichiana) data from Lete and Kunjo areas of Mustang district in Nepal. The sample trees were identified from all applicable ages, sizes, site qualities, and stand conditions and were cut. Diameters and ages were measured on the cut surface of stump (at 30 cm above ground). With the application of the auto-regressive error-structured modelling approach, we fitted Bertalanffy function to the data from 94 stumps by using basal area growth per year as dependent variable and stump age or stump diameter as independent variable. The age-independent individual tree basal area growth model showed better fits (R^2_adj=0.8324) than its agedependent counterpart (R^2_adj=0.8174). Because of having better fits and being easier for application, the ageindependent model is recommended for predicting basal area growth per year at an individual tree level for Blue pine across Lete and Kunjo areas of Mustang district.
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Bishnu Adhikari,Sanjeev Kumar Dhungana,Muhammad Waqas Ali,Arjun Adhikari,김일두,신동현 한국식품과학회 2018 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.27 No.5
Peanut sprouts are gaining increasing popularity as a potential source of functional food. The objective of this study was to investigate yield and food value of peanut sprouts of six Korean peanut genotypes (Daekwang, Akwang, Baekjung, Alogi, Pungan and Heugttangkong) from day 5 through 9. Functional compounds like polyphenol, flavonoid, and resveratrol contents were significantly (p\0.05) high in the sprouts compared to those in the seeds. Pungan yielded significantly (p\0.05) high sprouts followed by Alogi. However, antioxidant potentials and functional compounds in the sprouts varied significantly (p\0.05) with genotype, sprout part, and day after germination. Overall consideration of the yield, functional compounds, and antioxidant potentials of the sprouts suggested that more appropriate time of sprout harvest for Alogi and Pungan was day 5–7 and that for the other genotypes was day 5–8. The yield and functional properties of peanut sprouts significantly varied with genotypes, parts, and age.
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Revisiting Eight Decades of Social Work Education in India
Bishnu Mohan Dash 한국사회복지학회 2017 Asian Social Work and Policy Review Vol.11 No.1
Social work education commenced in India in 1936 with the establishment of the Tata Institute of Social Sciences. This paper examines the historical evolution of professional social work education in India. It also critically examines the growth of social work education, fieldwork practice, and social work as a profession in India to discern its limitations. Various alarming situations have hampered the growth of social work in India and as such the profession suffers a credibility problem. We offer recommendations for the growth and success of social work education in India.
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