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Bijaya Thapa,Eun-Kee Jeong,Marjanna Dahl,Eugene Kholmovski,Phillip Burch,Deborah Frank 대한자기공명의과학회 2018 Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Vol.22 No.1
Purpose: Children born with single ventricle physiology demonstrate poor growth rate and suffer from malnutrition, which lead to increased morbidity and mortality in this population. We assume that an anabolic steroid, oxandrolone, will promote growth in these infants by improving myocardial energy utilization. The purpose of this paper is to study the efficacy of oxandrolone on myocardial energy consumption in these infants. Materials and Methods: We modeled single ventricle physiology in a lamb by prenatally shunting the aorta to the pulmonary artery and then postnatally, we monitored cardiac energy utilization by quantitatively measuring the first order reaction rate constant, kf of the creatine-kinase reaction in the heart using magnetization transfer 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy, home built 1H/31P transmit/receive double tuned coil, and transmit/receive switch. We also performed cine MRI to study the structure and dynamic function of the myocardium and the left ventricular chamber. The spectroscopy data were processed using home-developed python software, while cine data were analyzed using Argus software. Results: We quantitatively measured both the first order reaction rate constant and ejection fraction in the control, shunted, and the oxandrolone-treated lambs. Both kf and ejection fraction were found to be more significantly reduced in the shunted lambs compared to the control lambs, and they are increased in oxandrolone-treated lambs. Conclusion: Some improvement was observed in both the first order reaction rate constant and ejection fraction for the lamb treated with oxandrolone in our preliminary study.
Bijaya Nanda Naik,Sanjay Pandey,Rajath Rao,Manisha Verma,Prashant Kumar Singh 질병관리본부 2022 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.13 No.1
Objectives: With the emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, healthcare professionals (HCPs) have experienced high levels of stress and anxiety because of the high risk of infection for themselves and their families. This has led to acute sleep problems for HCP. This study was designed to assess the anxiety and sleep quality of HCPs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed 370 HCPs employed at All India Institute of Medical Sciences Patna over 3 months, using the standard Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) for suspected GAD and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index for sleep quality. Results were tabulated and multivariable binomial logistic regression analysis was done to determine the predictors of poor sleep. Significance was attributed to p < 0.05. Results: Of the 370 HCPs screened, 52 (14.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 10.8%–18.1%) were found to have GAD and 195 (52.7%; 95% CI, 47.5%–57.9%) were found to be poor sleepers. The presence of any addictive habit (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.833; 95% CI, 1.12–2.8), unprotected contact with COVID-19 cases (AOR, 1.902; 95% CI, 1.1–3.3), and the presence of GAD (AOR, 5.57; 95% CI, 2.5–12.4) were found to be predictors of poor sleep quality among HCPs. Conclusion: A significant proportion of HCPs were found to have suspected GAD and were poor sleepers. This highlights the need for measures to confront this problem.
Child Schooling and Child Work in India: Does Poverty Matter?
Bijaya Kumar Malik 육아정책연구소 2013 International Journal of Child Care and Education Vol.7 No.1
This paper examines the differentials of school attendance patterns. i.e. never attended, entered into school, dropout rate, repeating, left school two or more years ago and child work by economic condition of household in India. The wealth index is used to understand the economic differentials in child schooling of households. The study findings suggest that children belonging to the poorest wealth quintile of households are significantly more likely never to have attended school, have higher dropout rates and be over-age compared to children belonging to wealthier and the wealthiest quintiles. The states’ differentials in child school attendance patterns showed that the state of Bihar has the highest proportion of children never having attended compared to lowest proportion for Kerala (39 percent vs. 2 percent). The working children among poor households are more deprived to attend school compared to children from wealthier households. This paper concludes that economic conditions of the household are the main determinant of child schooling in India.
Bijaya Laxmi Panigrahi,Gnaneshwar Nelakanti 한국전산응용수학회 2014 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.32 No.5
In this paper, we consider approximation of eigenelements of a twodimensional compact integral operator with a smooth kernel bydiscrete collocation and iterated discrete collocation methods. Bychoosing numerical quadrature appropriately, we obtain convergencerates for gap between the spectral subspaces, and also we obtainsuperconvergence rates for eigenvalues and iterated eigenvectors. We then apply Richardsonextrapolation to obtain further improved error bounds for theeigenvalues. Numerical examples are presentedto illustrate theoretical estimates.
Formulation, development and optimization of mouth dissolving tablets of Rizatriptan benzoate
Bijaya Ghosh,Sayantan Ray,Moumita Das 한국약제학회 2015 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.45 No.6
Rizatriptan benzoate, a drug used to treat migraine needs quick action, for which mouth dissolving tablets (MDTs) of the drug may be suitable. However, the bitter taste of drug pose a major challenge to the development of MDTs of the drug. In the present study, MDTs were developed after masking the bitter taste of the drug through solid dispersion. The solid dispersions of Rizatriptan benzoate were prepared with PEG 6000 and mannitol in various ratios and the taste of the formulations was evaluated by willing volunteers and the most acceptable formulation was chosen for development of the MDTs. The MDTs were developed and optimized by using the sequential simplex optimization technique. Disintegration time, hardness and friability of the tablets were considered as the parameters for the optimization of formulations. The optimized formulation showed a disintegration time of 15 s, hardness of 5.2 kg/cm² and friability of 0.5 %. The drug release of 99 % was achieved within 15 min in simulated saliva fluid. Therefore, the MDTs developed in this study could meet the dual need of effectively masking the bitter taste of the drug as well as deliver it quickly, for speedy onset of action and better therapeutic efficacy.
Studies on the morphometry of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae)
Potshangbam Bijaya DEVI,Thangjam Kameshwor SINGH 한국곤충학회 2007 Entomological Research Vol.37 No.2
Aphids are one of the most important groups of phytophagous insects because of their olyphenism, host alternation, heteroecious behavior and reproductive habits. Laboratory culture of the aphidMyzus persicae on the host plant Brassica pekinensis Hubner was maintained seasonally for biometrical studies. The metric analysis revealed gradual developmental changes from the first instar nymph to the adult stage in size, shape, and a number of characters. The transitional changes were sufficiently distinct to allow differentiation of each of the life stages irrespective of the season. A key to the nymphal stages of the pest is provided.
Thapa, Bijaya,Dahl, Marjanna,Kholmovski, Eugene,Burch, Phillip,Frank, Deborah,Jeong, Eun-Kee Korean Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 2018 Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Vol.22 No.1
Purpose: Children born with single ventricle physiology demonstrate poor growth rate and suffer from malnutrition, which lead to increased morbidity and mortality in this population. We assume that an anabolic steroid, oxandrolone, will promote growth in these infants by improving myocardial energy utilization. The purpose of this paper is to study the efficacy of oxandrolone on myocardial energy consumption in these infants. Materials and Methods: We modeled single ventricle physiology in a lamb by prenatally shunting the aorta to the pulmonary artery and then postnatally, we monitored cardiac energy utilization by quantitatively measuring the first order reaction rate constant, $k_f$ of the creatine-kinase reaction in the heart using magnetization transfer $^{31}P$ magnetic resonance spectroscopy, home built $^1H/^{31}P$ transmit/receive double tuned coil, and transmit/receive switch. We also performed cine MRI to study the structure and dynamic function of the myocardium and the left ventricular chamber. The spectroscopy data were processed using home-developed python software, while cine data were analyzed using Argus software. Results: We quantitatively measured both the first order reaction rate constant and ejection fraction in the control, shunted, and the oxandrolone-treated lambs. Both $k_f$ and ejection fraction were found to be more significantly reduced in the shunted lambs compared to the control lambs, and they are increased in oxandrolone-treated lambs. Conclusion: Some improvement was observed in both the first order reaction rate constant and ejection fraction for the lamb treated with oxandrolone in our preliminary study.
Panigrahi, Bijaya Laxmi,Nelakanti, Gnaneshwar The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2014 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.32 No.5
In this paper, we consider approximation of eigenelements of a two dimensional compact integral operator with a smooth kernel by discrete collocation and iterated discrete collocation methods. By choosing numerical quadrature appropriately, we obtain convergence rates for gap between the spectral subspaces, and also we obtain superconvergence rates for eigenvalues and iterated eigenvectors. We then apply Richardson extrapolation to obtain further improved error bounds for the eigenvalues. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate theoretical estimates.
이훈복,Bijaya R. Devkota,유재승,김현정 한국통합생물학회 2014 Animal cells and systems Vol.18 No.4
We performed this study to find out if we could control mosquitoes in a cowshed by using CO2-baited mosquito traps. Weused eco-friendly Mos-hole traps that were developed for mosquito control in human living areas and we also evaluated thetraps’ efficacy, if the traps would be effective in controlling mosquitoes in a cowshed. The study was performed for 54 days(from 18 May to 10 July 2012). During the first nine turns (from 18 May to 18 June), we used 12 mosquito traps, whichwere baited with low CO2 emission (35–100 ml/minute) by burning and combusting liquid naphtha. In the next phase (10to 13 turns; 21 June to 4 July), we kept the same low CO2 emission in six traps but increased the CO2 concentration (500ml/minute) in the other six traps. In the 14th turn (July 10), all 12 mosquito traps were used with higher CO2 concentration,using compressed cylinders of CO2. Mosquitoes were collected at each turn and the total trapped female mosquitoes duringthe study period were 31,715 individuals, and we identified 6 genera and 16 species. The predominant species was Aedesvexans nipponii (63.838%). We found that 5.2 times more mosquitoes were caught at higher emission rates of CO2. Finally,our study partly revealed that higher emission of CO2 might be a reliable substitute for proper control of the adult femalemosquitoes and we absolutely need to develop a more efficient mosquito trap for cowshed areas.