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- 저자 : Bhattarai (검색결과 189 건)
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Bhattarai, S R,Kim, S Y,Jang, K Y,Yi, H K,Lee, Y H,Bhattarai, N,Nam, S-Y,Lee, D Y,Kim, H Y,Hwang, P H Nature Publishing Group 2007 Gene Therapy Vol.14 No.6
<P>We describe the development of an aerosol system for topical gene delivery to the lungs of C57BL/6 mice. This system is based on the combination of the commercial cationic lipid Lipofectin with a novel amphiphilic triblock copolymer, poly(p-dioxanone-co-L-lactide)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PPDO/PLLA-b-PEG, and abbreviated in the text as polymeric micelles). After optimizing conditions for DNA delivery to the lungs of mice using the combination of polymeric micelles with Lipofectin and LacZ DNA, we used the Lipofectin/polymeric micelle system to deliver the tumor suppressor gene PTEN to the lungs of C57BL/6 mice bearing the B16-F10 melanoma. Lipofectin/PTEN/polymeric micelles significantly improved gene expression of PTEN in the lungs of mice with no evidence of cell toxicity or acute inflammation. Importantly, lung metastasis, as measured by lung weight, was significantly reduced (P<0.001), as were total tumor foci in the lungs (P<0.001) and size of individual tumor nodules in animals treated with Lipofectin/PTEN/polymeric micelles compared with control animals. Survival time was also extended. These results suggest that the Lipofectin/polymeric micelle system is appropriate for enhancing gene delivery in vivo and that it can be applied as a non-invasive gene therapy for lung cancer.</P>
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Hydrophilic nanofibrous structure of polylactide; fabrication and cell affinity
Bhattarai, Shanta Raj,Bhattarai, Narayan,Viswanathamurthi, Periasamy,Yi, Ho Keun,Hwang, Pyoung Han,Kim, Hak Yong Wiley Publishers 2006 Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A Vol. No.
<P>Microstructure and architecture of the scaffolds along with the surface chemistry exert profound effect on biological activity (cell distribution, proliferation, and differentiation). For the biological activity, scaffolds in tissue engineering have been widely designed. The objective of this study was to develop hydrophilic nanofibrous structure of polylactides (PLLA) polymer in the form of nonwoven mat by electrospinning technique, and further evaluate the fibroblast NIH3T3 cell proliferation, morphology, and cell–matrix interaction. Hydrophilicity of the PLLA fibers was improved by adding small fraction of low molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) into the electrospinning solution. Four different ratio types (100/0, 80/20, 70/30, and 50/50) of PLLA/PEG electrospun matrices were fabricated, and the pore characteristics, tensile properties, contact angle, and hydrolytic degradation were observed. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and fluorescence actin staining images were used for micro-observation of cell–matrix interaction and cell morphology. It was found that the electrospun mat of PLLA/PEG (80/20), composed of fibers with diameters in the range 540–850 nm, majority of pore diameter less than 100 μm, tensile strength 8 MPa, elongation 150%, porosity more than 90%, and improved hydrophilicity with slow hydrolytic degradation, is favorable for biological activity of NIH3T3 fibroblast cell. Based on these results, the correct composition of PLLA and PEG in the porous electrospun matrix (i.e., PLLA/PEG (80/20)) will be a better candidate rather than other compositions of PLLA/PEG as well as hydrophobic PLLA for application in tissue engineering. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006</P>
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Prem Bhattarai,Bishnu H. Paudel,Dilip Thakur,Balkrishna Bhattarai,Bijay Subedi,Rita Khadka 대한직업환경의학회 2018 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.30 No.-
Background: Despite the successful adaptation to high altitude, some differences do occur due to long term exposure to the hypoxic environment. The effect of long term high altitude exposure on cardiac autonomic adjustment during basal and post-exercise recovery is less known. Thus we aimed to study the differences in basal cardiac autonomic adjustment and its response to exercise in highlanders and to compare it with lowlanders. Methods: The study was conducted on 29 healthy highlander males who were born and brought up at altitude of 3000 m and above from the sea level, their cardiac autonomic adjustment was compared with age, sex, physical activity and ethnicity-matched 29 healthy lowlanders using Heart Rate Variability (HRV) during rest and recovery from sub-maximal exercise (3 m step test). Intergroup comparison between the highlanders and lowlanders and intragroup comparison between the rest and the postexercise recovery conditions were done. Results: Resting heart rate and HRV during rest was comparable between the groups. However, heart rate recovery after 3 min step test was faster in highlanders (p 〈 0.05) along with significantly higher LF power and total power during the recovery phase. Intragroup comparison of highlanders showed higher SDNN (p 〈 0.05) and lower LF/HF ratio (p〈 0.05) during recovery phase compared to rest which was not significantly different in two phases in lowlanders. Further highlander showed complete recovery of RMSSD, NN50, pNN50 and HF power back to resting level within five minutes, whereas, these parameters failed to return back to resting level in lowlanders within the same time frame. Conclusion: Highlanders completely recovered back to their resting state within five minutes from cessation of step test with parasympathetic reactivation; however, recovery in lowlanders was delayed.
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Microwave Drying of Sawdust for Pellet Production: Kinetic Study under Batch Mode
Bhattarai, Sujala,Oh, Jae-Heun,Choi, Yun Sung,Oh, Kwang Cheol,Euh, Seung Hee,Kim, Dae Hyun Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2012 바이오시스템공학 Vol.37 No.6
Purpose: Drying characteristics of sawdust was studied under batch mode using lab scale microwave dryer. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of material load and microwave output power on drying characteristics of sawdust. Methods: Material load and microwave output power were varied from 23 to 186 g and 530 to 370 W respectively. Different kinetic models were tested to fit the drying rates of sawdust. Similarly, the activation energy was calculated by employing the Arrhenius equation. Results: The drying efficiency increased considerably, whereas the specific energy consumption significantly decreased with increase in material load and microwave output power. The cumulative energy efficiency increased by 9%, and the specific energy consumption decreased by 8% when the material load was increased from 23 to 186 g. The effective diffusivity increased with decrease in material load and increase in microwave output power. The previously published model gave the best fit for data points with $R^2$ and RMSE values of 0.999 and 0.01, respectively. Conclusions: The data obtained from this study could be used as a basis for modeling of large scale industrial microwave dryers for the pellet production.
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Bhattarai Prasid Ram,김윤희,Heo Woo Myung 한국하천호수학회 2008 생태와 환경 Vol.41 No.2
A two-dimensional (2D) reservoir hydrodynamics and water quality model, CEQUAL- W2, is employed to simulate the hydrothermal behavior and density current regime in Andong Reservoir. Observed data used for model forcing and calibration includes: surface water level, water temperature, dissolved oxygen and suspended solids concentration. The model was calibrated to the year of 2003 and verified with continuous run from 2000 till 2004. Without major adjustments, the model accurately simulated surface water levels including the events of large storm. Deep-water reservoirs, like Andong Reservoir, located in the Asian Monsoon region begin to stratify in summer and overturn in fall. This mixing pattern as well as the descending thermocline, onset and duration of stratification and timing of turnover phenomenon were well reproduced by the Andong Model. The temperature field and distinct thermocline are simulated to within 2 C of observed data. The model performed well in simulating not only the dissolved oxygen profiles but also the metalimnetic dissolved minima phenomenon, a commonly occurring phenomenon in deep reservoirs of temperate regions. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values of model calibration for surface water elevation, temperature and dissolved oxygen were 0.0095 m, 1.82 C, and 1.13 mg L-1, respectively. The turbid storm runoff, during the summer monsoon, formed an intermediate layer of about 15 m thickness, moved along the metalimnion until being finally discharged from the dam. This mode of transport of density current, a common characteristic of various other large reservoirs in the Asian summer monsoon region, was well tracked by the model.A two-dimensional (2D) reservoir hydrodynamics and water quality model, CEQUAL- W2, is employed to simulate the hydrothermal behavior and density current regime in Andong Reservoir. Observed data used for model forcing and calibration includes: surface water level, water temperature, dissolved oxygen and suspended solids concentration. The model was calibrated to the year of 2003 and verified with continuous run from 2000 till 2004. Without major adjustments, the model accurately simulated surface water levels including the events of large storm. Deep-water reservoirs, like Andong Reservoir, located in the Asian Monsoon region begin to stratify in summer and overturn in fall. This mixing pattern as well as the descending thermocline, onset and duration of stratification and timing of turnover phenomenon were well reproduced by the Andong Model. The temperature field and distinct thermocline are simulated to within 2 C of observed data. The model performed well in simulating not only the dissolved oxygen profiles but also the metalimnetic dissolved minima phenomenon, a commonly occurring phenomenon in deep reservoirs of temperate regions. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values of model calibration for surface water elevation, temperature and dissolved oxygen were 0.0095 m, 1.82 C, and 1.13 mg L-1, respectively. The turbid storm runoff, during the summer monsoon, formed an intermediate layer of about 15 m thickness, moved along the metalimnion until being finally discharged from the dam. This mode of transport of density current, a common characteristic of various other large reservoirs in the Asian summer monsoon region, was well tracked by the model.
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Simulation and Model Validation of a Pneumatic Conveying Drying for Wood Dust Particles
Bhattarai, Sujala,Kim, Dae-Hyun,Oh, Jae-Heun Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2012 바이오시스템공학 Vol.37 No.2
Purpose: The simulation model of a pneumatic conveying drying (PCD) for sawdust was developed and verified with the experiments. Method: The thermal behavior and mass transfer of a PCD were modeled and investigated by comparing the experimental results given by a reference (Kamei et al. 1952) to validate the model. Momentum, energy and mass balance, one dimensional first order ordinary differential equations, were coded and solved into Matlab V. 7.1.0 (2009). Results: The simulation results showed that the moisture content reduced from 194% to 40% (dry basis), air temperature decreased from $512^{\circ}C$ to $128^{\circ}C$ with the particle residence time of 0.7 seconds. The statistical indicators, root mean square error and R-squared, were calculated to be 0.079, and 0.998, respectively, between the measured and predicted values of moisture content. The relative error between the measured and predicted values of the final pressured drop, air temperature, and air velocity were only 8.96%, 0.39% and 1.05% respectively. Conclusions: The predicted moisture content, final temperature, and pressure drop values were in good agreement with the experimental results. The developed model can be used for design and estimation of PCD system for drying of wood dust particles.
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The dark side of surge pricing and the mitigating role of information disclosure
Bhattarai Ashok,Farhang Maryam,Adjei Mavis T.,Saavedra Torres Jose L.,Zaad Ash 한국마케팅과학회 2023 마케팅과학연구 Vol.33 No.4
This research paper investigates the impact of surge pricing, a dynamic pricing strategy that adjusts prices based on real-time demand and supply, on customers’ perception of price fairness. We aim to provide insights for both academic and managerial audiences. Our study focuses on how businesses using surge pricing can minimize negative effects on customer behavior by properly communicating price changes. We conducted two experiments to examine customers’ fairness perception of surge pricing policies. Our findings revealed that customers generally perceive surge pricing as less fair. However, we also discovered that aligning the amount of information shared with the price increase can effectively improve these fairness perceptions. Our research contributes to the literature on price communication by exploring factors that influence consumers’ understanding and acceptance of price changes. Additionally, our findings offer practical guidance for businesses on how to communicate pricing information in a way that customers perceive as fair, ultimately benefiting both companies and their customers.
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