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An overview of microdiesel — A sustainable future source of renewable energy
Bhatia, Shashi Kant,Bhatia, Ravi Kant,Yang, Yung-Hun Elsevier 2017 RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS Vol.79 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Microdiesel obtained from microbes using renewable materials as carbon sources is an important alternative to petroleum diesel. This review provides information related to microdiesel production using various carbon sources; i.e. carbon dioxide, C<SUB>2</SUB>, saccharides, and lignocellulose. Microbes can accumulate different contents of fatty acids in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG). Not all microbes store fatty acids and utilize a broad range of substrates as carbon sources, and vice versa. Microbes can be engineered to consume various carbon sources, and accumulate increased amounts of fatty acids with different composition. The properties of microdiesel depend on its fatty acid profile, which in turn determines its efficacy. The structural features of the fatty acids, such as carbon chain length, branching and degree of unsaturation, affect the physiochemical properties of the biodiesel (cetane number (CN), oxidation stability (OS), iodine value (IV), cold flow properties, density and kinematic viscosity). Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles can be used to evaluate the key properties of biodiesel, i.e. the stability of the oil used. The overview presented herein concludes that microdiesel production using non-feed carbon sources and genetically engineered microbes shows much promise.</P>
Yield Gap Analysis of Mulberry Sericulture in Northwest India
Bhatia, Narendra Kumar,Yousuf, Mohammad,Nautiyal, Raman Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2013 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.27 No.1
At the interface of reducing agricultural income and increasing unemployment in agrarian economy of rural India, this article summarizes and evaluates the state of mulberry sericulture in northwest India, which includes Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, and Uttar Pradesh. In $11^{th}$ plan period (2007-2012), there was an addition of 6 196 ha (217.09 %) of mulberry acreage at annual linier growth rate of 33.44%. However, total silk production could increase only by 54.64 MT (78.57%) at annual linier growth rate of 15.59 %, due to 43.93% (10.82 kg/ha) reduction in silk productivity at negative growth rate of -13.46%, annually. And now, average raw silk productivity in north-western states of India remains at 13.81 kg/ha, which is lower by 452.93 % (76.36 kg) in comparison to the national average of 100.90 kg/ha. Paper summaries the reasons for increasing cocoon yield gap at farmer's level and discuss the ways and means to increase raw silk productivity to improve the livelihood delivery of mulberry sericulture in northwest India.
Bhatia, Prateek,Masih, Shet,Varma, Neelam,Bansal, Deepak,Trehan, Amita Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.15
Background: Treatment failure in leukemia is due to either pharmacokinetic resistance or cell resistance to drugs. Materials and Methods: Gene expression of multiple drug resistance protein (MDR-1), multidrug resistance-related protein (MRP) and low resistance protein (LRP) was assessed in 45 pediatric ALL cases and 7 healthy controls by real time PCR. The expression was scored as negative, weak, moderate and strong. Results: The male female ratio of cases was 2.75:1 and the mean age was 5.2 years. Some 26/45 (58%) were in standard risk, 17/45(38%) intermediate and 2/45 (4%) in high risk categorie, 42/45 (93%) being B-ALL and recurrent translocations being noted in 5/45 (11.0%). Rapid early response (RER) at day 14 was seen in 37/45 (82.3%) and slow early response (SER) in 8/45 (17.7%) cases. Positive expression of MDR-1, LRP and MRP was noted in 14/45 (31%), 15/45 (33%) and 27/45 (60%) cases and strong expression in 3/14 (21%), 11/27 (40.7%) and 8/15 (53.3%) cases respectively. Dual or more gene positivity was noted in 17/45 (38%) cases. 46.5 % (7/15) of LRP positive cases at day 14 were in RER as compared to 100% (30/30) of LRP negative cases (p<0.05). All 8 (100%) LRP positive cases in SER had strong LRP expression (p=<0.05). Moreover, only 53.3% of LRP positive cases were in haematological remission at day 30 as compared to 100% of LRP negative cases (p=<0.05). Conclusions: Our study indicated that increased LRP expression at diagnosis in pediatric ALL predicts poor response to early treatment and hence can be used as a prognostic marker. However, larger prospective studies with longer follow up are needed, to understand the clinical relevance of drug resistance proteins.
Strong convexity of sandwiched entropies and related optimization problems
Bhatia, Rajendra,Jain, Tanvi,Lim, Yongdo World Scientific Publishing Company 2018 Reviews in mathematical physics Vol.30 No.9
<P>We present several theorems on strict and strong convexity, and higher order differential formulae for sandwiched quasi-relative entropy (a parametrized version of the classical fidelity). These are crucial for establishing global linear convergence of the gradient projection algorithm for optimization problems for these functions. The case of the classical fidelity is of special interest for the multimarginal optimal transport problem (the <TEX>$ n$</TEX>-coupling problem) for Gaussian measures.</P>
Effect of Nutrient Media and Sucrose Concentration on Shoot Organogenesis in Tomato
Bhatia Poonam The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2005 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.7 No.1
The $F_1$ hybrid Red Coat is one of the most highly sought after cultivars of tomato in Australia and yields up to 7.5 $\cal{kg/plant}$. An experiment was conducted to de-termine the optimal strength and type of growth medium and sucrose concentration for shoot organogenesis of the Red Coat cultivar using cotyledonary explants. Two basal growth media, viz. MS and Gamborg' s $B_5$ at 0, 1/4, 1/2, full or double strength along with sucrose concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1.5, 3 or $5\%$, were evaluated using 25 replications. The main effects of treatment and their mutual interactions were evaluated for the proportion of explants that produced callus and/or shoots, number of shoots produced per explant, callus diameter and shoot height. The explants failed to produce shoots in the absence of mineral nutrient. Only a small proportion of the explants ($6\%$ with $B_5\;and\;3\%$ with MS) regenerated shoots in the absence of sucrose. Lower sucrose concentrations ($0.5-1.5\%$) along with full strength media were optimal for most of the traits studied. The $B_5$ medium outperformed MS medium for shoot organogenesis. For all the traits examined, significant differences in main effects (P < 0.05) and two-way interactions were detected, but no three-way interactions (medium type $\times$ medium concentration $\times$ sucrose concentration) were observed. Sucrose was found essential for the development of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll content increased with an increase in sucrose concentration up to $3\%$ and decreased at $5\%$ sucrose.
Bhatia Pushpinder G.,S. Radha 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.62 No.10
Pure pseudobrookite Fe2TiO5 and its lithium and barium substituted varieties namely, Ba2y Fe2−x Li3xTi1−yO5 and Ba3x/2 Fe2−x Li4yTi1−yO5 (x = y = 0.05) are synthesized by solid-state reaction method. Pure and lithium and barium doped samples of pseudobrookites show the single phase orthorhombic structure. Substitution has reduced the particle (crystallite) size but enhanced the grain size. A new intense plane (122) is observed in the substituted samples indicating that Barium has entered this plane. Lithium intercalation is also observed. Dielectric studies have con-firmed the Maxwell- Wagner interfacial polarization and the space charge is seen to have almost doubled with doping. The hysteresis loops are recorded and the variation of normalised susceptibility with absolute temperature is observed. An asymmetric shift and constriction of loops is observed. Presence of barium and lithium has also brought about a long magnetic range ordering in pseudobrookites. Susceptibility measurements show that the Curie temperature in the barium-rich sample approaches room temperature and can be a potential switch material.
High-Mobility Bismuth-based Transparent <i>p</i>-Type Oxide from High-Throughput Material Screening
Bhatia, Amit,Hautier, Geoffroy,Nilgianskul, Tan,Miglio, Anna,Sun, Jingying,Kim, Hyung Joon,Kim, Kee Hoon,Chen, Shuo,Rignanese, Gian-Marco,Gonze, Xavier,Suntivich, Jin American Chemical Society 2016 Chemistry of materials Vol.28 No.1
Bhatia, Narendra Kumar,Yousuf, Mohammad Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2013 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.27 No.2
Antheraea mylitta Drury is a commercial silk producing forest insect in India and Xanthopimpla pedator Fabricius is its larval-pupal endoparasitoid, which causes pupal mortality that affects seed production. Effects of host plants, rearing season and their interactions on parasitic behaviour of X. pedator were studied here, as influence of these factors on biological success of X. pedator is not known. Seven forest tree species were tested as food plants for A. mylitta, and rate of pupal parasitization in both the rearing seasons were recorded and analysed. Results showed that rearing season and host plants significantly affected the rate of pupal parasitization in both the sexes. Pupal mortality was found significantly higher (14.52%) in second rearing season than the first (2.89%). Likewise, host plants and rearing seasons significantly affected length, diameter, and shell thickness of cocoons in both sexes. Out of all infested pupae, 85.59% were found male, which indicated that X. pedator chooses male spinning larva of A. mylitta for oviposition, but we could not answer satisfactorily the why and how aspect of this sex specific parasitic behaviour of X. pedator. Multiple regression analysis indicated that length and shell thickness of male cocoons are potential predictors for pupal parasitization rate of X. pedator. Based on highest cocoon productivity and lowest pupal mortality, Terminalia alata, T. tomentosa, and T. arjuna were found to be the most suitable host plants for forest based commercial rearing of A. mylitta in tropical forest areas of Uttarakhand state, where it has never been reared earlier. Sex and season specific interaction of X. pedator with its larval-pupal host, A. mylitta is a novel entomological study to find out explanations for some of the unresolved research questions on parasitic behaviour of X. predator that opens a new area for specialised study on male specific parasitization in Ichneumonidae.