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Becoming Sino-Peruvian: Post-Indenture Chinese in Nineteenth-Century Peru
Benjamín N. Narváez 한국라틴아메리카학회 2016 라틴아메리카연구 Vol.29 No.3
Between 1849 and 1874, nearly 100,000 Chinese indentured laborers (coolies) arrived in Peru. Although coolies were treated much like slaves, thousands gained their freedom and made lives for themselves during the coolie era. This article focuses on the difficulties facing ex-coolies and how they coped with them. I argue that free Chinese responded to the challenges of making a living, discrimination, harassment, and the threat of a return to forced labor, by uniting and forging a Chinese sub-community while simultaneously integrating into Peruvian society. On the one hand, free Chinese cooperated with each other to find housing and jobs, establish businesses, maintain their culture, and deal with legal troubles. On the other hand, they integrated with Peruvian society and challenged their status as outsiders by establishing business ties with Peruvians, adopting aspects of Hispanic culture, forming interracial families and friendships, and demonstrating publicly their Peruvian patriotism. Well before the end of the coolie era, ex-coolies became immigrants and proceeded to construct Sino-Peruvian identities. In making this argument, this study also suggests the importance of analyzing Chinese indentured labor beyond the paradigm of slavery. Although scholars have tended to separate the experience of coolies in Spanish America from other overseas Chinese communities during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, careful analysis of the post-indenture experience during the coolie era reveals considerable overlap.
Ana Belén Dablanca-Blanco,Juan Blanco-Carrión,Benjamín Martín-Biedma,Purificación Varela-Patiño,Alba Bello-Castro,Pablo Castelo-Baz 대한치과보존학회 2017 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.42 No.3
The restoration of endodontic tooth is always a challenge for the clinician, not only due to excessive loss of tooth structure but also invasion of the biological width due to large decayed lesions. In this paper, the 7 most common clinical scenarios in molars with class II lesions ever deeper were examined. This includes both the type of restoration (direct or indirect) and the management of the cavity margin, such as the need for deep margin elevation (DME) or crown lengthening. It is necessary to have the DME when the healthy tooth remnant is in the sulcus or at the epithelium level. For caries that reaches the connective tissue or the bone crest, crown lengthening is required. Endocrowns are a good treatment option in the endodontically treated tooth when the loss of structure is advanced.
Dynamic punching shear tests of flat slab-column joints with 5D steel fibers
Yezid A. Alvarado,Benjamín Torres,Manuel Buitrago,Daniel M. Ruiz,Sergio Y. Torres,Ramón A. Álvarez 국제구조공학회 2022 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.81 No.3
This study aimed to analyze the dynamic punching shear performance of slab-column joints under cyclic loads with the use of double-hooked end (5D) steel fibers. Structural systems such as slab-column joints are widely found in infrastructures. The susceptibility to collapse of such structures when submitted to seismic loads is highly dependent on the structural performance of the slab-column connections. For this reason, the punching capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) structures has been the subject of a great number of studies. Steel fibers are used to achieve a certain degree of ductility under seismic loads. In this context, 5D steel hooked fibers provide high levels of fiber anchoring, tensile strength and ductility. However, only limited research has been carried out on the performance under cyclic loads of concrete structural members containing steel fibers. This study covers this gap with experimental testing of five different full-scale subassemblies of RC slab-column joints: one without punching reinforcement, one with conventional punching reinforcement and three with 5D steel fibers. The subassemblies were tested under cyclic loading, which consisted of applying increasing lateral displacement cycles, such as in seismic situations, with a constant axial load on the column. This set of cycles was repeated for increasing axial loads on the column until failure. The results showed that 5D steel fiber subassemblies: i) had a greater capacity to dissipate energy, ii) improved punching shear strength and stiffness degradation under cyclic loads; and iii) increased cyclic loading capacity.
Moctezuma Victor,Hernández Benjamín,Sánchez-Huerta José Luis,Lizardo Viridiana,Quiroz-Rocha Georgina Adriana,Navarrete-Heredia José Luis 한국응용곤충학회 2023 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.26 No.1
Two new species of Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 from the Pacific Slope of Mexico are described and illustrated: Onthophagus gonzaloi Moctezuma, Hernández & Sánchez-Huerta, sp. nov., and Onthophagus yescaensis Moctezuma, Hernández & Sánchez-Huerta, sp. nov. New records for Onthophagus browni Howden & Cartwright, 1963 from the Mexican states of Jalisco (the southernmost locality known to date) and Zacatecas are provided. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:51AA52C6-41BF-4A8B-9BC9-D78600EDB32E.
Salvador Israel Macías-Hernández,Juan Daniel Morones-Alba,Irene Tapia-Ferrusco,Oscar Benjamín Vélez-Gutiérrez,Cristina Hernández-Diaz,Tania Inés Nava-Bringas,Eva Cruz-Medina,Lya Contreras-del Toro,Ma. 대한구강악안면외과학회 2022 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.48 No.1
Objectives: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent and disabling joint disease in the world. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) exercise is a widely used treatment and could be a beneficial and long-term tool for treating TMJ OA. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of therapeutic exercise in the conservative treatment of TMJ OA. Materials and Methods: A single-group experimental pre-post test was performed. We included patients who met the diagnostic criteria for TMJ OA. Outcome variables were pain intensity (visual analogue scale), functionality (Helkimo index), and structural changes (ultrasound). Follow-up peri-ods were at months 1, 3, and 6. The intervention included a home-based program with thermotherapy, manual therapy, and therapeutic exercise during the entire follow-up period. Results: We included 15 patients and 26 joints, all women with a median age of 57 years (range, 49-62 years). Median change in pain intensity on joint palpation, mouth opening, and at rest at the first month was 47.5 mm, 51 mm, and 60 mm, respectively, and 48 mm, 49.5 mm, and 42.5 mm, at six months (P=0.001). The Helkimo index showed significant improvement in medians from baseline severe dysfunction (17 points) to minimal dys-function at three and six months (2 points) (P=0.001). Ultrasound showed improved disc position. Conclusion: This study demonstrated significant improvements in pain, function, and joint disc position and represents a valuable tool for the long-term treatment of patients with TMJ OA.
Modeling, Design and Vision-Based Control of a Low-Cost Electric Power Wheelchair Prototype
Ramiro Velá,zquez,Abraham Camacho,Benjamí,n Romero 동국대학교 정보융합기술원 2009 International Journal of Assistive Robotics and Sy Vol.10 No.3
This paper presents the design, modeling, control and experimental platform of a low-cost intelligent wheelchair for the motor-disabled. The first prototype developed is an electric power wheelchair which cost is one third of the commercially available ones and is capable of both manual and autonomous operation. Manual operation relies on a joystick and is intended for people that, in spite of their disability, are well capable of maneuvering the wheelchair. Autonomous operation relies on a mobile robotics inspired computer vision system to navigate through corridors, halls, indoors/outdoors, among other structured environments and is indented for the severely impaired, such as the tetraplegics. Besides from being an affordable-to-everyone device, its current application is museum guidance: the wheelchair guides the user among the museum's rooms while providing audio information.