Correction of Angle Class II division 1 malocclusion with a mandibular protraction appliances and multiloop edgewise archwire technique

Benedito Freitas,Heloiza Freitas,Pedro Cesar F dos Santos,Guilherme Janson 대한치과교정학회 2014 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.44 No.5

A Brazilian girl aged 14 years and 9 months presented with a chief complaint of protrusive teeth. She had a convex facial profile, extreme overjet, deep bite, lack of passive lip seal, acute nasolabial angle, and retrognathic mandible. Intraorally, she showed maxillary diastemas, slight mandibular incisor crowding, a small maxillary arch, 13-mm overjet, and 4-mm overbite. After the diagnosis of severe Angle Class II division 1 malocclusion, a mandibular protraction appliance was placed to correct the Class II relationships and multiloop edgewise archwires were used for finishing. Follow-up examinations revealed an improved facial profile, normal overjet and overbite, and good intercuspation. The patient was satisfied with her occlusion, smile, and facial appearance. The excellent results suggest that orthodontic camouflage by using a mandibular protraction appliance in combination with the multiloop edgewise archwire technique is an effective option for correcting Class II malocclusions in patients who refuse orthognathic surgery.

Processing and Characterization of Electrospun Nanofibers From Poly(lactic acid)/Trimethylchitosan Blends

Daniella Lury Morgado,Odilio Benedito Garrido Assis 한국고분자학회 2016 Macromolecular Research Vol.24 No.11

In this study the production of biodegradable nanofibrous structures of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) blended with the water-soluble salt trimethylchitosan (TMC) was investigated by using the electrospinning process. Different concentrations of PLA (8 and 10% w/v) and TMC (0.5, 1, and 2% w/v) were prepared and spun. The morphology, diameter and structure of PLA/TMC blended nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and contact angle measurements. Images obtained from SEM showed that the blended nanofibers display a uniform and smooth morphology without bead formation. The diameters of the fibers were affected by the presence of chitosan derivative, decreasing from 264 to 184 nm when the TMC addition was 20% (w/w). FTIR and XRD results indicate strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the molecules of PLA and chitosan derivative, with reduction in the crystallinity, thermal stability and hydrophobicity as TMC content increases in the blend.

China`s Engagement in Africa and Reshaping Global Governance: The Case of Mozambique

( Myung Sik Ham ),( Frederico Benedito Congolo ) 조선대학교 사회과학연구원 2011 서석사회과학논총 Vol.4 No.1

중국의 대 아프리카 정책은 최근 중국 외교정책을 둘러싼 중요한 논쟁 중 하나로 자리잡아 왔다. 중국의 아프리카 정책에 대해 비판적인 시각은 중국의 아프리카 외교가 자원획득을 위한 전략적 차원에서 이루어진다는 점과 아프리카의 독재와 권위주의 정권을 연명시켜 준다는 점에 기반하고 있다. 이 논문은 이런 천편일률적인 시각에 대한 비판적 사고에서 중국의 아프리카 정책을 분석하고 있다. 이 논문은 중국이 추구하는 궁극적인 외교정책이 아프리카 시장의 확장과 이 지역의 경제발전이라는 단기적인 목표를 넘어 아프리카 대륙에서 새로운 형태의 거버넌스를 형성하고 있다는 주장을 하고 있다. 또한 중국의 후원으로 인한 경제성장이 아프리카의 민주주의가 공고해지는데 일정한 공헌을 하고 있다는 관찰을 통해 중국의 아프리카 외교정책이 상당한 성과를 거두고 있다는 점을 강조하고 있다. 이런 주장을 뒷받침하기 위한 연구사례로 비석유 생산국가인 모잠비크에 대한 중국의 외교정책을 집중적으로 분석했다. This paper used the case of the Chinese engagement in Mozambique to explain how Chinese engagement differs from that of the West and how it is contributing to the development of African states; a new type of "global governance." The paper criticizes the two ideas of common wisdom on China`s engagement in Africa. First, many scholars focus solely on China`s interest in African resources accusing the former of using a "neocolonialist" strategy on the later. Second, some scholars argue that China`s engagement based on non-interference and weak accountability is likely to strengthen the power and even increase the presence of authoritarian regimes in Africa. However, this paper proves that China`s interest in Africa goes far beyond oil; rather, it is a path to expand China`s markets, to export capital, and to promote economic development in terms of the Chinese way, without interference. The paper also finds evidence that Mozambique is consolidating democratic practices with strengthening nation building. China`s engagement in Africa increases the development opportunities for Mozambique and contributes to reducing the gap between the North and South, bringing more stability to the world.

Cashew Gum-Chitosan Blended Films: Spectral, Mechanical and Surface Wetting Evaluations

Carla Silva Martins,Daniella Lury Morgado,Odilio Benedito Garrido Assis 한국고분자학회 2016 Macromolecular Research Vol.24 No.8

Blends of cashew tree gum with chitosan and glycerol as plasticizer were prepared by casting and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mechanical (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and surface wettability by static contact angle measurements. FTIR analysis confirmed the consolidation of both polysaccharides and revealed a clearly interaction between the glycerol molecules and hydroxyl groups of chitosan. Chitosan and glycerol improved films mechanical properties and interferes on surface wettability. The unblended cashew gum films presented hydrophilic surfaces (medium measure angle as 40o) and with the addition of chitosan provides a shift towards a more hydrophobic behavior (52o and 75o for additions of 0.5% and 1.0% (w/w) chitosan respectively). Microscopy surface observation confirmed that the presence of glycerol reduced film cracking, changing them from fragile to a more plastic property. The film forming ability of chitosan is also preserved when blending with cashew gum.

Processing and Characterization of Chitosan Films with Incorporation of Ethanolic Extract from “Pequi” Peels

Caroline Alves Breda,Daniella Lury Morgado,Odílio Benedito Garrido Assis,Marta Cristina Teixeira Duarte 한국고분자학회 2017 Macromolecular Research Vol.25 No.11

Chitosan is a polysaccharide with excellent film forming ability widely evaluated as active packaging and edible coatings. Chitosan has good antimicrobial activity in gel form; however, in a solid state (film format), a reduction in this activity can occur due to spatial arrangement of the chains in the polymer matrix. Small amounts of natural compounds could then be added to the film formulations to improve both antifungal and antibacterial properties. One possible additive is the “pequi” (Caryocar brasiliense Comb.) peel ethanolic extract (PPE), which forms homogenous blend with chitosan and has proved antimicrobial activity. In this study the preparation of chitosan-PPE was evaluated concerning the effect promoted in the film structure due PPE incorporation. Films processed by casting were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), microscopy, X-ray diffraction, mechanical and thermal properties, water vapor permeability (WVP) and surface wettability. FTIR analysis indicates interactions between the phenolic compounds in the extract and the hydroxyl and amine groups present in the chitosan structure, by establishing a possible ester bonding between constituents. The presence of PPE resulted in a decrease of WVP and an increasing in hydrophobicity. The extract addition also reduced the film’s crystallinity along with a slight decrease of plasticity and lowering of the initial polymeric degradation temperature. However, the blend was characterized by a homogeneous matrix with smooth topography. The results suggest that PPE has good compatibility with chitosan, introducing small changes that do not alter the potential for medical or foodstuff applications.

Relationship among blood indicators of lipomobilization and hepatic function during early lactation in high-yielding dairy cows

Felix Diaz González,Rodrigo Muiño,Víctor Pereira,Rómulo Campos,José Luis Benedito 대한수의학회 2011 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.12 No.3

Blood indicators are used as a tool to diagnose metabolic disorders. The present work was conducted to study the relationships among blood indicators of lipomobilization and hepatic function in high-yielding dairy cows. Two groups of Holstein cows were studied: 27 early lactation cows and 14 mid lactation cows from four different herds with similar husbandry characteristics in Galicia, Spain. Blood samples were obtained to measure beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), triglycerides (TG), and the activity of aspartate transaminase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase. Cows in early lactation had higher levels of BHB and NEFA than mid lactation cows. High lipomobilization (NEFA > 400 μmol/L) was detected in 67% and 7% of early lactation and mid lactation cows, respectively, while subclinical ketosis (BHB > 1.2 mmol/L) was detected in 41% and 28% of the early lactation and lactation cows, respectively. TG concentrations were low in all cows suffering subclinical ketosis and in 61% of the cows with high lipomobilization. During early lactation, 30% of cows suffered hepatic lipidosis as detected by levels of AST. Compromised hepatic function was observed in early lactation cows as shown by lower concentrations of glucose, total protein, and urea.

Influence of microbial additive on microbial populations, ensiling characteristics, and spoilage loss of delayed sealing silage of Napier grass

Cai Yimin,Du Zhumei,Yamasaki Seishi,Nguluve Damiao,Tinga Benedito,Macome Felicidade,Oya Tetsuji 아세아·태평양축산학회 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.7

Objective: To measure whether a microbial additive could effectively improve the fermentation quality of delayed-sealing (DS) silage, we studied the effects of inoculants of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and cellulase enzyme on microbial populations, ensiling characteristics, and spoilage loss of DS silage of Napier grass in Africa. Methods: Quick-sealing (QS) and DS silages were prepared with and without LAB (Lactobacillus plantarum) inoculant, cellulase enzymes, and their combination. The QS material was directly chopped and packed into a bunker silo. The DS material was packed into the silo with a delay of 24 h from harvest. Results: In the QS silage, LAB was dominant in the microbial population and produced large amounts of lactic acid. When the silage was treated with LAB and cellulase, the fermentation quality was improved. In the DS silage, aerobic bacteria and yeasts were the dominant microbes and all the silages were of poor quality. The yeast and mold counts in the DS silage were high, and they increased rapidly during aerobic exposure. As a result, the DS silages spoiled faster than the QS silages upon aerobic exposure. Conclusion: DS results in poor silage fermentation and aerobic deterioration. The microbial additive improved QS silage fermentation but was not effective for DS silage.

Community of natural lactic acid bacteria and silage fermentation of corn stover and sugarcane tops in Africa

Cai Yimin,Du Zhumei,Yamasaki Seishi,Nguluve Damiao,Tinga Benedito,Macome Felicidade,Oya Tetsuji 아세아·태평양축산학회 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.8

Objective: To effectively utilize crop by-product resources to address the shortage of animal feed during the dry season in Africa, the community of natural lactic acid bacteria (LAB) of corn stover and sugarcane tops and fermentation characteristics of silage were studied in Mozambique. Methods: Corn stover and sugarcane tops were obtained from agricultural field in Mozambique. Silage was prepared with LAB inoculant and cellulase enzyme and their fermentation quality and microbial population were analyzed. Results: Aerobic bacteria were the dominant population with 107 colony-forming unit/g of fresh matter in both crops prior to ensiling, while 104 to 107 LAB became the dominant bacteria during ensiling. Lactobacillus plantarum was more than 76.30% of total isolates which dominated silage fermentation in the LAB-treated sugarcane top silages or all corn stover silages. Fresh corn stover and sugarcane tops contain 65.05% to 76.10% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and 6.52% to 6.77% crude protein (CP) on a dry matter basis, and these nutrients did not change greatly during ensiling. Corn stover exhibits higher LAB counts and water-soluble carbohydrates content than sugarcane top, which are naturally suited for ensiling. Meanwhile, sugarcane tops require LAB or cellulase additives for high quality of silage making. Conclusion: This study confirms that both crop by-products contain certain nutrients of CP and NDF that could be well-preserved in silage, and that they are potential roughage resources that could cover livestock feed shortages during the dry season in Africa.

Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Ulcer Activities of Carvacrol, a Monoterpene Present in the Essential Oil of Oregano

Francilene V. Silva,Adriana G. Guimara˜es,Elayne R.S. Silva,Benedito P. Sousa-Neto,Fla´via D.F. Machado,Lucindo J. Quintans-Ju´nior,Daniel D.R. Arcanjo,Francisco A. Oliveira,Rita C.M. Oliveira 한국식품영양과학회 2012 Journal of medicinal food Vol.15 No.11

This study reports a pharmacological evaluation of anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer activities of carvacrol, a phenolic monoterpene constituent of essential oils produced by oregano and other several aromatic plants and spices, in experimental models of edema induced by different phlogistic agents and gastric lesions induced by acetic acid. In models of paw edema induced by dextran or histamine, carvacrol was effective at 50 mg/kg (46% and 35%, respectively); in these models, cyproheptadine reduced edema formation (61% and 43%, respectively). In edema induced by substance P, carvacrol (100 mg/kg) and ruthenium red (3 mg/kg) also decreased the edema formation (46% and 40%, respectively). Carvacrol significantly reduced the ear edema induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol acetate and arachidonic acid at 0.1 mg per ear (43% and 33%, respectively), similar to indomethacin at 0.5 mg per ear or 2.0 mg per ear (55% and 57%, respectively). Carvacrol (at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) showed a healing capacity on gastric lesions induced by acid acetic (60%, 91%, and 81%, respectively) after 14 days of treatment. These results suggest that carvacrol acts on different pharmacological targets, probably interfering in release and/or synthesis of inflammatory mediators, such as the prostanoids, and thus favoring the healing process for gastric ulcers.

Genome-wide in silico analysis of SOD genes in common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Silviany Angelica Fernandes Silva,Fláive Loyze Baldassarini Silva,Alessandra Ferreira Ribas,Silvia Graciele Hülse de Souza,Tiago Benedito dos Santos 한국작물학회 2020 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.23 No.3

Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are a group of enzymes that play essential roles in catalyzing the dismutation of superoxide radicals to protect cells from oxidative damage caused by various adverse conditions. SODs are classifi ed into three types based on their metal cofactors: Cu/ZnSOD, FeSOD, and MnSOD. This study presents the fi rst genome-wide identifi cation of SOD genes in Phaseolus vulgaris L. Eight SOD genes were identifi ed in the genome of P. vulgaris L., including four Cu / ZnSODs ( CSD ), three FeSODs ( FSD ) and one MnSOD ( MSD ). The protein sequence ranged between 166 and 312 amino acids with 5–8 introns each. Most PvSOD genes are in chromosome 7. The syntenic analysis revealed that PvFSD1 and PvFSD2 genes were derived from segmental duplication. As expected, phylogenetic analyses grouped the PvSOD proteins into three classes based on their metal cofactors: copper/zinc (Cu/Zn)SOD, manganese (Mn)SOD, and iron (Fe)SOD. Expression pattern analysis using RNAseq data indicated that three of the PvSOD genes ( PvMSD1 , PvCSD3 , and PvFSD1 ) were detected in majority of tissues and developmental stages. This study provides a comprehensive analysis about SOD genes in P. vulgaris L. and new resources for future studies on the functional analysis of PvSOD genes in this species of great agronomic importance.