US, China and the Russo-Ukraine War: The Conditions for Generating a Mutually Perceived Hurting Stalemate and Consequent Ceasefire In Moscow and Kyiv

Benedict E. DeDominicis The International Promotion Agency of Culture Tech 2023 International Journal of Advanced Culture Technolo Vol.11 No.4

A prerequisite for a lasting ceasefire is the emergence of a prevailing view in Moscow and Kyiv that the fighting has reached a hurting stalemate. In sum, they both lose more through continuing warfare than by a ceasefire. This study applies social identity dynamics of nationalism to this escalatory conflict. It generates findings that imply that China as a third-party great power intervening mediator can potentially play a pivotal role. Shifting the respective prevailing views in Moscow and Kyiv of their interaction from a zero-sum foundation requires proffering powerful economic and political third-party incentives. Effective inducement would facilitate national defense, development and prestige for Moscow as well as Kyiv. China arguably has the underutilized potential power capabilities necessary to alter the respective prevailing views of strategic relationships among the great powers within Moscow, Brussels and Washington. A prerequisite for success in striving effectively towards this strategic goal is cooperation with the Beijing despite skepticism from Washington. This study utilizes a process tracing methodological approach. It highlights that the foundations of the Russo-Ukraine war lie in the institutionalization within Euro-Atlantic integration of the Cold War assumption that the USSR was an imperialist revisionist actor. Russia is the USSR's successor state. Moscow's prevailing view is that Russian national self-determination was unjustly circumscribed in the multinational Soviet totalitarian Communist system. The Euro-Atlantic community is perceived as a neocolonial imperial threat by allying with post-1991 Ukrainian nationalism at Russia's expense. The study finds that acknowledging Eurasian regional multipolarity is necessary, if not sufficient, to coopt Beijing into a global political stabilization strategy. It functionally aims to promote international balancing to lessen potentials for horizontal as well as vertical escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian conflict.

Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Simulation of CO2-Hydrate Mixture in Tube

Benedict Prah,윤린 대한설비공학회 2017 International Journal Of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.25 No.1

The formation of CO2 hydrate during CO2 transportation presents a complex two-phase flow within tube. A two-dimensional CFD model for CO2 hydrate mixture flow in tube is derived based on the Eulerian multiphase flow modeling approach in which the two phases consist of CO2 gas and CO2 hydrate particles. A coupled Eulerian multiphase and nonisothermal flow model without phase-change is developed based on COMSOL Multiphysics built-in application modes. The model couples the mass, momentum, and energy equations for the two phases to solve the temperature and flow characteristics of the CO2 hydrate mixture flow in tube. CO2 hydrate particles are found to settle down during flow even under high velocity operation. The pressure drop increased linearly with inlet volume fraction from 1.29 kPa for 0.1–5.2 kPa for 0.5, and the related overall heat transfer coefficients of the CO2 hydrate mixture computed from the model ranged from 980 to 4000W/m2K with variation of CO2 hydrate volume fraction.

Coexistence of osteoporosis, sarcopenia and obesity in community-dwelling adults – The Yishun Study

Benedict Wei Jun Pang,Shiou-Liang Wee,Kenneth Kexun Chen,Lay Khoon Lau,Khalid Abdul Jabbar,Wei Ting Seah,Daniella Hui Min Ng,Queenie Lin Ling Tan,Mallya Ullal Jagadish,Tze Pin Ng 대한골다공증학회 2021 Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Vol.7 No.1

Objectives: To 1) report prevalence of ‘osteosarcopenia’ (OS) and osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) entities using evidence-based diagnostic techniques and definitions, 2) examine if OSO offers additional predictive value of functional decline over its components, and 3) identify associated factors in a multi-racial Southeast Asian population. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of a representative sample of 542 community-dwelling adults (21e90 years old), and assessed anthropometry, cognition, functional performance, and selfreport sociodemographic, health and lifestyle questionnaires. Low muscle mass, and the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 criteria, were used to assess sarcopenia. Obesity was defined using percentage body fat and fat mass index. Osteopenia/osteoporosis was determined using lumbar spinal bone mineral density. Associated factors were examined using logistic regression, and OSO’s value investigated using linear regressions with functional performance. Results: OS and OSO prevalence were 1.8% and 0% (21e59 years), 12.9% and 2.8% ( 60 years), 17.3% and 4.1% ( 65 years), and 25.5% and 7.0% (75 years), respectively. OSO entity as defined was not a significant predictor (P > 0.05) and did not improve explanations for functional decline over sarcopenia or sarcopenic obesity. Age, sex, race and body mass index (BMI) were associated with OS, while age, sex, race and alcoholism were associated with OSO. Conclusions: Our results do not support OSO as a distinct entity in relation to functional decline. Aside from biological age, sex, and race, amenable lifestyle factors such as BMI and alcohol intake are important variables that can influence the co-existence of osteopenia/osteoporosis, sarcopenia and obesity.

Developing heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop model for CO2-hydrate gas mixture for CO2 transportation

Benedict Prah,이원준,윤린 대한기계학회 2018 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.32 No.1

The issue of CO 2 hydrate has drawn attention in terms of the pipeline transporting and injection process of the captured CO 2 . Designing a pipeline network under onshore or offshore conditions for transporting CO 2 and designing a pipeline for injection to a reservoir requires knowing the exact CO 2 thermodynamic status for safety in the pipeline and for controlling operational facilities, including compressors and gas boosters. In the present study, a model for estimating the in-tube heat-transfer coefficient for a CO 2 -hydrate gas mixture was developed by considering the significant effects of the temperature difference between the CO 2 -hydrate crystallization temperature and the actual operational temperature on the heat transfer coefficient. In addition, a pressure drop model for a CO 2 -hydrate gas mixture was developed by introducing a pressure ratio of P/P crit and the Breault and Mathur model, which was developed for estimating a pressure drop for solid particles and gas flow in a pipeline.

Nationalism and Conflict Resolution

Benedict E. DeDominicis 한국정치학회 2014 한국정치학회보 Vol.48 No.3

인도주의적 군사개입은 정전론의 원칙을 따라야한다. 더욱 효과적인 정치적 전략적 틀 안에서 이 원칙을 전개하는 것은 마치 인권과 같이 국가의 민족자결권의 개념화를 요구한다. 대외정책은 더욱 효과적으로 정책의 결과들을 예측할 수 있기에 윤리적으로 더욱 큰 의미가 있다. 인도주의적 군사개입에 대한 정전론적 접근은 국제사회에 의한 전략적으로 효과적인 조치를 필요로 한다. 그것은 인권위에 잔학한 행위들을 낳는 민족주의자들의 충돌을 해결해야 한다. 스스로를 주권적 민족국가를 성립할 역량과 권리 모두를 갖춘 것으로 여기는 국가 공동체들은 현재의 정치적 현상을 억압적인 것으로 간주할 경향이 더 클 것이다. 외부의 개입은 더욱 그럴듯하게 민족주의자들을 독립을 얻기 위해 고군분투하도록 하면서 그들이 상대적인 힘의 역량을 자각하는데 영향을 미치는 경향이 있다. 유고슬라비아에 서양 세력의 개입으로 인한 결과중의 하나가 그것이었다. 이라크에 미국의 군사적 개입의 결과도 또한 그것이었다. 뒤이어 시리아 정권을 약화하는 아랍의 봄과 함께 계속 진행 중인 이라크의 내전은 이라크의 내전이 시리아로 확산되는 것을 야기해왔다. 국제적인 인도주의적 개입은 레반트지역과 메소포타미아 지역의 식민지 독립국가들의 구조적변경을 지원하는 지역행위자들의 지도를 따라야한다. Humanitarian military intervention should follow the precepts of just war doctrine. Developing this doctrine in a more effective political strategic direction requires a conceptualization of national self-determination as a human right. A foreign policy is more ethically significant to the extent that it more effectively predicts the consequences of the policy. A just war approach to humanitarian military intervention requires strategically effective action by the international community. It should resolve the nationalist conflicts that produce human rights atrocities. National communities that see themselves as having both the right and the capability to achieve sovereign nation statehood will more likely view the political status quo as oppressive. External intervention is likely to affect their relative power capability self-perception, making nationalist striving for independence more probable. It was one of the consequences of Western intervention in Yugoslavia. It also has been a consequence of US military intervention in Iraq. The ongoing civil war in Iraq together with the subsequent Arab Spring weakening of the Syrian regime has caused the Iraqi civil war to expand into Syria. International humanitarian intervention should follow the lead of regional actors in supporting the reconfiguration of the post-colonial states in the Levant and Mesopotamia.

이산화탄소 하이드레이트 슬러리의 생성 및 수송기술개발

Benedict Prah,윤린(Rin Yun) 대한설비공학회 2017 설비공학 논문집 Vol.29 No.7

Formation and transportation of CO₂-hydrate slurry was conducted by circulating saturated water with CO₂ through a double-tube type heat exchanger which was cooled down by brine. The inner diameter and circulation length of the heat exchanger were 1 inch and 20 m, respectively. Water in tank was supersaturated by injected CO₂ and the operation pressure was maintained at 3,000 to 4,000 kPa with fluid-temperature of less than 9℃. CO₂ hydrate mass fraction was calculated based on density of CO₂-hydrate slurry mixture. Results showed that the CO₂-hydrate slurry could be circulated without blockage for 1 hr. Circulation status of the CO₂-hydrate slurry was also visualized.

Experimental Study on CO₂ Hydrate Flow Pattern and Pressure Drop in a Flow Loop

Benedict Prah,Rin Yun 대한설비공학회 2018 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.6

Recently, research focus has shifted from prevention of hydrate formation in oil/gas pipelines to utilization of gas hydrate in various areas of application such as cold storage, district cooling, gas transportation and others. These applications mostly require the development of gas hydrate as a transportable hydrate slurry. Various studies have shown that hydrate formation kinetics, as well as flow properties, are improved in the presence of additives. However, knowledge on the pressure drop characteristics of CO₂ hydrate slurry in the presence and absence of chemical additives is inadequate. This study investivates the pressure drop and flow obseravtions during CO₂ hydrate formation and flow. The influence of anti-agglomerant dosage and slurry flow rate on pressure drop is addressed in this work. The result shows that pressure drop steeply increases during the active formation of hydrate particles, a process accompained by temperature rise in the loop. It was aslo observed that increasing the slurry flow rate increased the pressure drop.

Thermal analysis of randomly oriented carbon nanotube reinforced functionally graded timoshenko beam

Benedict Thomas,Prasad K Inamdar,Tarapada Roy 대한기계학회 2014 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.28 No.5

The unique thermal properties of carbon nanotubes (CNT) are utilized to increase the use of functionally graded material (FGM) athigher temperatures which resulted in introduction of a new type of material called as functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforcedcomposites (FG-CNTRCs). To use the FG-CNTRCs at elevated temperatures, their thermal analysis is very important. In this context,this article presents the thermal analysis of a CNT based FG Timoshenko beam. Material properties distribution is assumed to vary alongthe thickness direction according to power law distribution and linear distributions. Finite difference method is implemented to find outthe temperature distribution. Using first order shear deformation theory (FSDT), expressions for strains and stresses are obtained. Theresults are compared with temperature distribution according to power law. The effect of CNT distribution on strains and stresses is alsoobserved. Based on these results important conclusions have been drawn.

Dynamic Modelling and Simulation of IGCC process with Hydrate-based CO₂ Capture and Transport

Benedict Prah,Rin Yun 대한설비공학회 2018 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.11

A transient simulation of hydrate-based CO₂ capture process with clathrate slurry transportation from coalfired Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) was performed using TRNSYS simulation software. For the simulation of hydrate formation, an equation based thermodynamic reaction is employed to estimate formation rate of CO₂ hydrate in the reactor. Approximately, 40% of the syngas feed amount is converted to hydrate slurry in the hydrate formation. The maximum corresponding heat amount generated with formation of hydrate slurry quantity is estimated to be about 2.5 ㎿.

관내 이산화탄소 하이드레이트 슬러리의 수송기술개발

Benedict Prah,윤린(Rin Yun) 대한설비공학회 2016 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.11