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Gender Construction in the Media : A Study of Two Indian Women Politicians
BATHLA, Sonia Asian Center for Women's Study ; Ewha Womans Unive 2004 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.10 No.3
This study seeks to examine the responses of the newspaper media towards two Indian women politicians and the processes of gender construction in political communication. Under a system of universal adult suffrage and the constitutional assurance of social, political and economic equality, Indian women were given rights that were the envy of women in more advanced nation states. Political parties that should play a crucial role in training and encouraging women to enter the public arena are hostile, generally closing the gates of the upper echelons of party structures to aspiring or deserving women. How are such women viewed by society and how do the media present them? It is within this background that this paper examines the portrayal of two women politicians, that is, Jayalalitha Jayaram and Sushma Swaraj in the Indian English language press in the pre-election period of January and February 1998. Jayalalitha appeared as a calculating, opportunistic, extremely corrupt, and arrogant leader, while Sushma Swaraj was identified with a clean image and one who fulfilled traditional norms and expectations of feminine identity. The particular construction of this frame of 'ideal/good woman' and 'bad woman' needs to be explored within the discourses of India's colonial and nationalist past, wherein women were perceived as representatives of the 'private' and their feminine virtues were perceived to be the essence of the nation.
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Aadil Bathla,Bonamali Pal 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.79 No.-
Bimetallic nanostructures have gained immense importance owing to their enhanced co-catalyticeffect in improving photocatalytic activity of TiO2 for various applications relative to monometallicones. However, the use of bimetallic core@shell catalyst/nanocatalyst for hydrogenation ofimportant industrial organic is not much explored relative to conventional metal catalysts. Inthis respect, the present study demonstrated the synthesis of core@shell (Cu@Zn) nanostructurebased on their galvanic interactions. TEM analysis confirmed the formation of Cu@Zn nanoparticleswith a shell thickness of 195 nm. It was observed that with increasing Cu:Zn weight ratio (1:1, 2:1,and 3:1) the average hydrodynamic size increases from 198 to 267 nm. These Cu@Zn nanostructuresshowed superior co-catalytic activity after impregnation on (001) faceted titanium nanosheets(surface area = 72.8 m2 g 1) for the selective hydrogenation of quinoline under visible lightradiations. The optimized Cu@Zn(3:1)/TiO2 photocatalyst showed enhanced conversion, selectivity,and higher rate constant (k = 2.1 10 1 h 1) compared to Cu and Zn-TiO2 nanocomposites. Thesuperior activity of Cu@Zn-TiO2 photocatalyst was attributed to the synergistic interaction occurringat bimetallic-TiO2 interface which effectively promotes the transfer of electron and hydride (H ) forquinoline hydrogenation. The conventional hydrogenation of quinoline required high temperature,solvents, expensive bases and involved multistep procedure. Therefore, the use of Cu@Zn-TiO2photocatalyst might be a greener approach for the selective hydrogenation of industrial importantunsaturated organic compounds under light radiations.
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Aadil Bathla,Bonamali Pal 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.67 No.-
Bimetallic Pd@Ni nanostructure exhibited enhanced co-catalytic activity for the selective hydrogenation of benzaldehyde compare to their monometallic counterparts. Impregnation of these mono/bimetallic nanostructures on mesoporous TiO2 leads to several surface modifications. The bimetallic PNT-3 (Pd3@Ni1/mTiO2) exhibited large surface area (212 m2 g−1), and low recombination rate of the charge carriers (e−-h+). The hydrogenation reaction was analyzed under controlled experiments. It was observed that under UV-light irradiations and saturated hydrogen atmosphere the bimetallic PNT-3 photocatalyst display higher rate constant k = 5.31 × 10−1 h−1 owing to reduction in the barrier height which leads to efficiently transfer of electron at bimetallic/mTiO2 interface.
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Gender Construction in the Media: A Study of Two Indian Women Politicians
Sonia BATHLA 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2004 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.10 No.3
This study seeks to examine the responses of the newspaper media towards two Indian women politicians and the processes of gender construction in political communication. Under a system of universal adult suffrage and the constitutional assurance of social, political and economic equality, Indian women were given rights that were the envy of women in more advanced nation states. Political parties that should play a crucial role in training and encouraging women to enter the public arena are hostile, generally closing the gates of the upper echelons of party structures to aspiring or deserving women. How are such women viewed by society and how do the media present them? It is within this background that this paper examines the portrayal of two women politicians, that is, Jayalalitha Jayaram and Sushma Swaraj in the Indian English language press in the pre-election period of January and February 1998. Jayalalitha appeared as a calculating, opportunistic, extremely corrupt, and arrogant leader, while Sushma Swaraj was identified with a clean image and one who fulfilled traditional norms and expectations of feminine identity. The particular construction of this frame of ‘ideal/good woman’ and ‘bad woman’ needs to be explored within the discourses of India’s colonial and nationalist past, wherein women were perceived as representatives of the ‘private’ and their feminine virtues were perceived to be the essence of the nation.
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