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Concept Design and Performance Evaluation of UAV-based Backhaul Link with Antenna Steering
Jiri Pokorny,Aleksandr Ometov,Pablo Pascual,Carlos Baquero,Pavel Masek,Alexander Pyattaev,Ainoa Garcia,Carlos Castillo,Sergey Andreev,Jiri Hosek,Yevgeni Koucheryavy 한국통신학회 2018 Journal of communications and networks Vol.20 No.5
At present, cellular coverage in many rural areas remainsintermittent. Mobile operators may not be willing to deployexpensive network infrastructure to support low-demand regions. For that reason, solutions for the rapid deployment of base stationsin areas with insufficient or damaged operator infrastructureare emerging. Utilization of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) ordrones serving as data relays holds significant promise for deliveringon-demand connectivity as well as providing public safety servicesor aiding in recovery after communication infrastructure failurescaused by natural disasters. The use of UAVs in provisioninghigh-rate radio connectivity and bringing it to remote locations isalso envisioned as a potential application for fifth-generation (5G)communication systems. In this study, we introduce a prototypesolution for an aerial base station, where connectivity between adrone and a base station is provided via a directional microwavelink. Our prototype is equipped with a steering mechanism drivenby a dedicated algorithm to support such connectivity. Our experimentalresults demonstrate early-stage connectivity and signalstrength measurements that were gathered with our prototype. Our results are also compared against the free-space model. Thesefindings support the emerging vision of aerial base stations as partof the 5G ecosystem and beyond.
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Garrido-Baserba, Manel,Asvapathanagul, Pitiporn,Park, Hee-Deung,Kim, Taek-Seung,Baquero-Rodriguez, G. Andres,Olson, Betty H.,Rosso, Diego Elsevier 2018 Science of the Total Environment Vol.639 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Biofilm formation influences the most energy-demanding process in the waste water treatment cycle. Biofilm growth on the surface of wastewater aeration diffusers in water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) can increase the energy requirements up to 50% in less than 2 years. The impact of biofilms in aeration diffusers was quantified and assessed for first time using molecular tools (i.e., Energy-dispersive X-ray, Ra and RMS and Pyrosequencing) and state-of-the-art techniques (i.e., EPS quantification, Hydrophobicity and DNA quantification). To provide a better understanding and quantitative connections between biological activity and aeration energy efficiency, two replicates of the most common diffusers were installed and tested in two different operational conditions (higher and lower organic loading rate processes) during 15 months. Different scenarios and conditions provided for first time comprehensive understanding of the major factors contributing to diffuser fouling. The array of analysis suggested that higher loading conditions can promote specialized microbial populations to halve aeration efficiency parameters (i.e., αF) in comparison to lower loading conditions. Biofilms adapted to certain operational conditions can trigger changes in diffuser membrane properties (i.e., biological enhanced roughness and hydrophobicity) and enhance EPS growth rates. Improved understanding of the effects of scaling, biofouling, aging and microbial population shifts on the decrease in aeration efficiency is provided.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Quantitative connections between the extent of biofouling and reduced aeration diffuser efficiency </LI> <LI> The specific contributions to the decrease in aeration efficiency <αF> were quantified for first time. </LI> <LI> Performance decrease is highly influenced by operational conditions and concurrent microbial population shifts. </LI> <LI> Molecular tools were applied in order to understand the major factors contributing to diffuser fouling. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
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