Caring for Elders in Rural China

Baozhen Dai(代寶珍) 서울행정학회 2013 서울행정학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2013 No.10

The study aims to provide information for policy-makers to develop effective measures for promoting rural elders’ access to institutional care by examining the challenges confronted by home-based care and developments of institutional care for elders in rural China. Articles were identified from PubMed, Elsevier, Wiley, EBSCO, EMBASE, SCI Expanded, ProQuest, and National Knowledge Infrastructure of China(CNKI) which is the most informative database in Chinese. Search terms were “rural”, “China”, “old”, “older”, or “elder”, “elderly”, or “aged”, “aging”, “home-based care” “institutional care”. Related websites and yearbooks were searched as well. The results show that the quantity of township welfare institutions in rural China is inadequate with a mismatch problem between the supply and demands of elders` institutional care. Private institutional care facilities are still rare in rural areas, and the admission fees turn out to be too expensive for most rural elders. Due to an acute lack of financing and skilled workers, most rural institutional care facilities provide limited range and low quality of services. Increasing in regional and national government funding, good-quality structured training in long-term care for a skilled workforce and integration of long-term care with the health care system are important for increasing the quantity, promoting the range and quality of services in rural institutional care facilities.

Status, Trend and Strategy on Municipal Wastewater Management in China

Wang Baozhen,Wang Lin,Liu Shuo,Wang Li,Wang Zheng 한국습지학회 2007 한국습지학회지 Vol.9 No.1

The rapid development of economy in China at the expense of consuming huge amount of energy and resources, water resource in particular, which has resulted in the production and discharge of increasing amount of wastewater to the water environment. In order to effectively control the increasing water pollution trend, the State Council has stipulated that all the cities with population over 500,000 should reach wastewater treatment rate of 60% by 2005, and all the cities should reach the rate of 60% by 2010, of which Capital Beijing and all the province capital cities and important tourism cities should reach 70% then. By the end of 2005, of the 661 cities in China, 393 have built and operated municipal wastewater treatments with a total number of 790 sets, total treatment capacity of 80.91×106 m3/d and total treatment rate of > 48%. Other 73 cities have started the construction of municipal wastewater treatment plants, and other 168 cities have started to prepare, planning and design of wastewater treatment plants. Most of municipal wastewater treatment plants in big cities in China operate normally and perform well with good quality of effluent in terms of wastewater treatment train, but the sewage sludge treatment is usually poor with big problems. It has been found that the small scale WWTPs using activated sludge process in the towns are usually operated and maintained abnormally because of lack of fund, skilled operators and energy. It is therefore suggested that the small scale MWWTPs in small cities and towns adopt appropriate technologies, of which the most available ones are multi-stage ponds, constructed wetlands and the combination of them for further purification and reuse of treated wastewater.

Design and Operational Performance of a Full Scale MWWTP with EHYBFAS Process

Wang Baozhen,Jin Wenbiao,Wang Shume,Cao Xiangdong,MA Zhiguang 대전대학교 환경문제연구소 2007 환경문제연구소 논문집 Vol.11 No.-

To improve water quality of Buji Stream and Shenzhen River, the Bujihe Wastewater Treatment Plant has been reconstructed from the original coagulkation-flocculation sedimentation system into the enhanced hybrid submerged biofilm-activated sludge (EHYBFAS)system developed by the authors. The main design parameters of the EHYBFAS system, process characteristics, operational performance, techno-economic index, and experience in design, construction and operation are described,which set up an example of the municipal wastewater treatment plants using the novel process of EHYBFAS, which has lots of advantages, such as stable and high operational performance with the final effluent quality well meeting 1A-1B standard of GB 18918-2002( Chinese national standard for pollutants of effluent from the MWWTPs), much less footprint of 1ha/(100×103m3/d)) vs 4-5ha/(100×103m3/d), much lower capital and operation costs of 700-800 Yuan(RMB)/(m3/d) and 0.5 Yuan(RMB)/m3 vs 1200-1500 Yuan/(m3/d)and 1.0-1.2 Yuan/m3 and much less sludge production of 0.3g dry solid/g removed BOD5 vs 0.7 g dry solid/removed BOD5 respectively for the MWWTP with AS process.

Status, Trend and Strategy on Municipal Wastewater Management in China

Wang Baozhen,Wang Lin,Liu Shuo,Wang Li,Wang Zheng 대전대학교 환경문제연구소 2007 환경문제연구소 논문집 Vol.11 No.-

Nature-based Tourism in Small Islands Adjacent to Jakarta City, Indonesia:A case study from Seribu Islands

Wang Baozhen,Wang Lin,Liu Shuo,Wang Li,Wang Zheng 한국습지학회 2007 한국습지학회지 Vol.9 No.1

Status, Trend and Strategy on Municipal Wastewater Management in China

Wang Baozhen,Wang Lin,Liu Shuo,Wang Li,Wang Zheng 대전대학교 환경문제연구소 2007 환경문제연구소 논문집 Vol.11 No.-

Design and Operational Performance of a Full Scale MWWTP with EHYBFAS Process

Wang Baozhen,Jin Wenbiao,Wang Shume,Cao Xiangdong,MA Zhiguang 대전대학교 환경문제연구소 2007 환경문제연구소 논문집 Vol.11 No.-

To improve water quality of Buji Stream and Shenzhen River, the Bujihe Wastewater Treatment Plant has been reconstructed from the original coagulkation-flocculation sedimentation system into the enhanced hybrid submerged biofilm-activated sludge (EHYBFAS)system developed by the authors. The main design parameters of the EHYBFAS system, process characteristics, operational performance, techno-economic index, and experience in design, construction and operation are described,which set up an example of the municipal wastewater treatment plants using the novel process of EHYBFAS, which has lots of advantages, such as stable and high operational performance with the final effluent quality well meeting 1A-1B standard of GB 18918-2002( Chinese national standard each one capable of treating 1.0×10⁴ for pollutants of effluent from the MWWTPs), much less footprint of 1ha/(100×103㎥/d)) vs 4-5ha/(100×103㎥/d), much lower capital and operation costs of 700-800 Yuan(RMB)/(㎥/d) and 0.5 Yuan(RMB)/㎥ vs 1200-1500 Yuan/(㎥/d)and 1.0-1.2 Yuan/㎥ and much less sludge production of 0.3g dry solid/g removed BOD₅ vs 0.7 g dry solid/removed BOD5 respectively for the MWWTP with AS process.

The Impact of Proteolytic Pork Hydrolysate on Microbial, Flavor and Free Amino Acids Compounds of Yogurt

Jinzhong Lin,Baozhen Hua,Zhiping Xu,Sha Li,Chengjie Ma 한국축산식품학회 2016 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.36 No.4

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of proteolytic pork hydrolysate (PPH) on yoghurt production by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. Fresh lean pork was cut into pieces and mixed with deionized water and dealt with protease, then the resulting PPH was added to milk to investigate the effects of PPH on yoghurt production. The fermentation time, the viable cell counts, the flavor, free amino acids compounds, and sensory evaluation of yoghurt were evaluated. These results showed that PPH significantly stimulated the growth and acidification of the both bacterial strains. When the content of PPH reached 5% (w/w), the increased acidifying rate occurred, which the fermentation time was one hour less than that of the control, a time saving of up to 20% compared with the control. The viable cell counts, the total free amino acids, and the scores of taste, flavor and overall acceptability in PPH-supplemented yoghurt were higher than the control. Furthermore, the contents of some characteristic flavor compounds including acids, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and esters were richer than the control. We concluded that the constituents of PPH such as small peptide, vitamins, and minerals together to play the stimulatory roles and result in beneficial effect for the yoghurt starter cultures growth.

Statistical Analysis of the Vertical Temperature Gradient of the Web Plate of Steel Box Girder Bridges in Cold Regions

Dandan Hu,Baozhen Yan,Kai Xie,Yancheng Liu,Quansheng Sun 대한토목학회 2022 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.26 No.9

To understand the actual vertical temperature gradient mode of steel box girder webs in cold regions, nearly 1.5 million data measured for over a year by a comprehensive temperature collection system of a steel box girder bridge in a cold region were used to verify the typicality of the temperature screening samples, and a cluster analysis was performed to verify the statistical symmetry of temperature at the symmetry points of webs on both sides of the bridge. One years’ worth of daily temperature difference data were used to investigate the vertical temperature difference distribution on the web and to determine the probability distribution curve form. After selecting the extreme temperature difference samples, the standard vertical temperature difference of the web was calculated, and the actual vertical temperature gradient model of the steel box girder web was established. Results show that the probability distribution model of temperature at the symmetrical points of webs on both sides of the steel box girder was symmetric. The vertical temperature differences of the web demonstrated significant seasonal changes. The probability distribution of the positive and negative temperature differences can be described based on the sum of two Weibull distributionfunctions. The temperature gradients at all levels in the proposed vertical temperature gradient model were generally greater than the values indicated in the relevant specifications.

The Impact of Proteolytic Pork Hydrolysate on Microbial, Flavor and Free Amino Acids Compounds of Yogurt

Lin, Jinzhong,Hua, Baozhen,Xu, Zhiping,Li, Sha,Ma, Chengjie Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2016 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.36 No.4

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of proteolytic pork hydrolysate (PPH) on yoghurt production by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. Fresh lean pork was cut into pieces and mixed with deionized water and dealt with protease, then the resulting PPH was added to milk to investigate the effects of PPH on yoghurt production. The fermentation time, the viable cell counts, the flavor, free amino acids compounds, and sensory evaluation of yoghurt were evaluated. These results showed that PPH significantly stimulated the growth and acidification of the both bacterial strains. When the content of PPH reached 5% (w/w), the increased acidifying rate occurred, which the fermentation time was one hour less than that of the control, a time saving of up to 20% compared with the control. The viable cell counts, the total free amino acids, and the scores of taste, flavor and overall acceptability in PPH-supplemented yoghurt were higher than the control. Furthermore, the contents of some characteristic flavor compounds including acids, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and esters were richer than the control. We concluded that the constituents of PPH such as small peptide, vitamins, and minerals together to play the stimulatory roles and result in beneficial effect for the yoghurt starter cultures growth.