Assessment of Biomass and Carbon Stock in Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn.) Forests under Two Management Regimes in Tripura, Northeast India

Banik, Biplab,Deb, Dipankar,Deb, Sourabh,Datta, B.K. Institute of Forest Science 2018 Journal of Forest Science Vol.34 No.3

We investigated tree composition, stand characteristics, biomass allocation pattern and carbon storage variability in Sal forests (Shorea robusta Garten.) under two forest management regimes (Sal forest and Sal plantation) in Tripura, Northeast India. The results revealed higher species richness (29 species), stand density of $1060.00{\pm}11.12stems\;ha^{-1}$ and diversity index ($1.90{\pm}0.08$) in Sal forest. and lower species richness (4 species), stand density of $ 230.00{\pm}37.22stems\;ha^{-1}$ and diversity index ($0.38{\pm}0.15$) in Sal plantation. The total basal cover $33.02{\pm}4.87m^2ha^{-1}$) and dominance ($0.76{\pm}0.08$) were found higher in Sal plantation than the Sal forest ($22.53{\pm}0.38m^2ha^{-1}$ and $0.23{\pm}0.02$ respectively). The total vegetation carbon density was recorded higher in Sal plantation ($219.68{\pm}19.65Mg\;ha^{-1}$) than the Sal forest ($167.64{\pm}16.73Mg\;ha^{-1}$). The carbon density estimates acquired in this study suggest that Sal plantation in Tripura has the potentiality to store a large amount of atmospheric carbon inspite of a very low species diversity. However, Sal forests has also an impending sink of carbon due to presence of large number of young trees.

A High-speed Miniature Screening Gaschromatograph with Flame Ionization Detector

Banik Rahul,Lee Dong-Yeon,Gweon Dae-Gab The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers 2005 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.19 No.12

The combination of Gas chromatography (GC) for separation and Flame Ionization Detection (FID) for detection and identification of the components of a mixture of compounds is a fast and strongly proved method of analytic chemistry. The objective of this research was to design a combined High-speed miniature screening Gas chromatograph along with a Flame Ionization Detector for quick, quantitative and qualitative analysis of gas components. This combined GC-FID system is suitable to detect the volatile and semi-volatile hydrocarbons present in a gas mixture. The construction made it less expensive, easy to use and movable. The complete gas path was developed. On/off valves, temperature and flow sensors and their interface electronics were used for controlling purpose. A Microcontroller was programmed to measure the temperature and gas flow using the sensors and to control and regulate them using the electronics and valves. A pocket PC with its touch screen served as a user interface for the system. Software was developed for the pocket PC, which makes the communication possible with the Microcontroller. The system parameters can be indicated in the Pocket PC as simple text and also the analysis result can be displayed.

Assessment of capacity curves for transmission line towers under wind loading

Banik, S.S.,Hong, H.P.,Kopp, Gregory A. Techno-Press 2010 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.13 No.1

The recommended factored design wind load effects for overhead lattice transmission line towers by codes and standards are evaluated based on the applicable wind load factor, gust response factor and design wind speed. The current factors and design wind speed were developed considering linear elastic responses and selected notional target safety levels. However, information on the nonlinear inelastic responses of such towers under extreme dynamic wind loading, and on the structural capacity curves of the towers in relation to the design capacities, is lacking. The knowledge and assessment of the capacity curve, and its relation to the design strength, is important to evaluate the integrity and reliability of these towers. Such an assessment was performed in the present study, using a nonlinear static pushover (NSP) analysis and incremental dynamic analysis (IDA), both of which are commonly used in earthquake engineering. For the IDA, temporal and spatially varying wind speeds are simulated based on power spectral density and coherence functions. Numerical results show that the structural capacity curves of the tower determined from the NSP analysis depend on the load pattern, and that the curves determined from the nonlinear static pushover analysis are similar to those obtained from IDA.

Reciprocal Dumping under Antidumping Enforcement

Banik, Nilanjan,Gilbert, John 정석물류통상연구원 2006 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS AND TRADE Vol.4 No.1

In a dynamic extension of the reciprocal dumping approach, oligopolistic firms producing imperfect substitutes use the carrot and stick strategy to enforce cooperative behavior. When dumping occurs, firms lobby for tariffs as punishment. After a finite punishment period, the non-dumping equilibrium is restored. Conditions are derived on the degrees of substitutability and observability that allow non-dumping under an infinite horizon. The model suggests the degree of substitutability between goods and the market interest rate, affect the likelihood of dumping.

LED color prediction using a boosting neural network model for a visual-MIMO system

Banik, Partha Pratim,Saha, Rappy,Kim, Ki-Doo Elsevier 2019 OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS - Vol.437 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Color decision of Light-emitting diode (LED) by smartphone cameras is a challenging area in visual- multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. In this study, we use a generalized color modulation (GCM) technique for a visual-MIMO system. We propose a boosting neural network (BNN) model that can predict LED color from an LED image. To develop this learning model, we use LED image pixels as input features by resizing all LED images to 10 × 10 pixels through bicubic anti-aliasing interpolation. The model is trained in three stages: (1) select the coefficient of the activation function, (2) train each feature to build weak learners, and (3) train the weak learners to predict LED color. Then, we make a symbol decision by measuring the minimum Euclidean distance between the predicted color of the received symbol and transmitted symbol colors. We evaluate our prediction by measuring the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of our test dataset at different environmental light intensities. We also measure the average closeness accuracy and symbol error rate (SER) performance of the proposed method with respect to transmission distances and different sizes of constellation diagrams. Finally, we compare the performance of our proposed BNN model with that of a multiple-linear-regression method.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> BNN is proposed for determining LED color of visual-MIMO system. </LI> <LI> Smart phone camera is used to take images of LED array. </LI> <LI> GCM technique is used for modulation in visual-MIMO system. </LI> <LI> Using BNN, visual-MIMO system performance is evaluated for different distances. </LI> <LI> BNN model of visual-MIMO system is compared with multiple regression model. </LI> </UL> </P>

Modeling and Control of a Four Mount Active Micro-vibration Isolation System

Banik, Rahul,Gweon, Dae-Gab The Korean Society Of Semiconductor Display Techno 2006 반도체디스플레이기술학회지 Vol.5 No.4

Micro vibration isolation, typically originated from ground, is always a prime concern for the nano-measurement instruments such as Atomic Force Microscopes. A four mount active vibration isolation system is proposed in this paper. Modeling and control of such a four mount system was analyzed. Combined active-passive isolation principle is used for vibration isolation by mounting the instrument on a passively damped isolation system made of Elastomer along with the active stage in parallel that consists of very soft actuation system, the Voice Coil Motor. The active stage works in combination with the passive stage for working as a very low frequency vibration attenuator.

Regression analysis for LED color detection of visual-MIMO system

Banik, Partha Pratim,Saha, Rappy,Kim, Ki-Doo Elsevier 2018 OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS - Vol.413 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Color detection from a light emitting diode (LED) array using a smartphone camera is very difficult in a visual multiple-input multiple-output (visual-MIMO) system. In this paper, we propose a method to determine the LED color using a smartphone camera by applying regression analysis. We employ a multivariate regression model to identify the LED color. After taking a picture of an LED array, we select the LED array region, and detect the LED using an image processing algorithm. We then apply the k-means clustering algorithm to determine the number of potential colors for feature extraction of each LED. Finally, we apply the multivariate regression model to predict the color of the transmitted LEDs. In this paper, we show our results for three types of environmental light condition: room environmental light, low environmental light (560 lux), and strong environmental light (2450 lux). We compare the results of our proposed algorithm from the analysis of training and test R-Square (%) values, percentage of closeness of transmitted and predicted colors, and we also mention about the number of distorted test data points from the analysis of distortion bar graph in CIE1931 color space.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> LED color detection method is proposed using regression analysis for visual-MIMO system. </LI> <LI> Smart phone camera is used to take images of LEDs. </LI> <LI> Minimizing the real time illumination noise for color detection and distortion analysis is shown. </LI> </UL> </P>

Animal Model Versus Conventional Methods of Sire Evaluation in Sahiwal Cattle

Banik, S.,Gandhi, R.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.9

A total of 1,367 first lactation records of daughters of 81 sires, having 5 or more progeny were used to evaluate sires by 3 different methods viz., least squares (LS), best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) and derivative free restricted maximum likelihood (DFREML) method. The highest and lowest overall average breeding value of sires for first lactation 305 days or less milk yield was obtained by BLUP (1,520.72 kg) and LS method (1,502.22 kg), respectively. The accuracy, efficiency and stability of different sire evaluation methods were compared to judge their effectiveness. The error variance of DFREML method was lowest ($191,112kg^2$) and its coefficient of determination of fitting the model was highest (33.39%) revealing that this method of sire evaluation was most efficient and accurate as compared to other methods. However, the BLUP method was most stable amongst all the methods having coefficient of variation (%) very near to unadjusted data (18.72% versus 19.89%). The higher rank correlations (0.7979 to 0.9568) between different sire evaluation methods indicated that there was higher degree of similarity of ranking sires by different methods ranging from about 80 to 96 percent. However, the DFREML method seemed to be the most effective sire evaluation method as compared to other methods for the present set of data.

Evidence of an Alternative Route of Cellobiase Secretion in the Presence of Brefeldin A in the Filamentous Fungus Termitomyces clypeatus

( Banik Samudra Prosad ),( Swagata Pal ),( Sudeshna Chowdhury ),( Shakuntala Ghorai ),( Suman Khowala ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2011 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.21 No.4

Secretion of cellobiase occurred in a brefeldin A (BFA) uninhibited manner in the filamentous fungus Termitomyces clypeatus. Fluorescence confocal microscopy revealed that application of the drug at a concentration of 50 μg/ml caused arrest of Spitzenkorper assembly at the hyphal tip. This resulted in greater than 30% inhibition of total protein secretion in the culture medium. However, the cellobiase titer increased by 17%, and an additional 13% was localized in the vacuolar fraction en route secretion. The secretory vacuoles formed in the presence of the drug were also found to be bigger (68 nm) than those in the control cultures (40 nm). The enzyme secreted in the presence and absence of BFA revealed a single activity band in both cases in native PAGE and had similar molecular masses (approx. 120 kDa) in SDS-PAGE. The BFA enzyme retained 72% of native glycosylation. It also exhibited a higher stability and retained 98% activity at 50oC, 93.3% activity at pH 9, 63.64% activity in the presence of 1M guanidium hydrochloride, and 50% activity at a glucose concentration of 10 mg/ml in comparison to 68% activity, 75% activity, 36% activity, and 19% activity for the control enzyme, respectively. The observations collectively aimed at the operation of an alternative secretory pathway, distinct from the target of brefeldin A, which bypassed the Golgi apparatus, but still was able to deliver the cargo to the vacuoles for secretion. This can be utilized in selectively enhancing the yield and stability of glycosidases for a successful industrial recipe.

Effect of dexmedetomidine on dynamic cerebral autoregulation and carbon dioxide reactivity during sevoflurane anesthesia in healthy patients

Banik Sujoy,Rath Girija P,Lamsal Ritesh,Bithal Parmod K 대한마취통증의학회 2020 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.73 No.4

Background: There are conflicting opinions on the effect of dexmedetomidine on cerebral autoregulation. This study assessed its effect on dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) using a transcranial Doppler (TCD). Methods: Thirty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II patients between 18 and 60 years, who underwent lumbar spine surgery, received infusions of dexmedetomidine (Group D) or normal saline (Group C), followed by anesthesia with propofol and fentanyl, and maintenance with oxygen, nitrous oxide and sevoflurane. After five minutes of normocapnic ventilation and stable bispectral index value (BIS) of 40–50, the right middle cerebral artery flow velocity (MCAFV) was recorded with TCD. The transient hyperemic response (THR) test was performed by compressing the right common carotid artery for 5–7 seconds. The lungs were hyperventilated to test carbon dioxide (CO2) reactivity. Hemodynamic parameters, arterial CO2 tension, pulse oximetry (SpO2), MCAFV and BIS were measured before and after hyperventilation. Dexmedetomidine infusion was discontinued ten minutes before skin-closure. Time to recovery and extubation, modified Aldrete score, and emergence agitation were recorded. Results: Demographic parameters, durations of surgery and anesthesia, THR ratio (Group D: 1.26 ± 0.11 vs. Group C: 1.23 ± 0.04; P = 0.357), relative CO2 reactivity (Group D: 1.19 ± 0.34 %/mmHg vs. Group C: 1.23 ± 0.25 %/mmHg; P = 0.547), blood pressure, SpO2, BIS, MCAFV, time to recovery, time to extubation and modified Aldrete scores were comparable. Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine administration does not impair dCA and CO2 reactivity in patients undergoing spine surgery under sevoflurane anesthesia.