^(51)Cr을 혼합한 sodium hyaluronate (Healon®)가 안구 전방내 혈액의 흡수에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구

한방연,손무식 고려대학교 의과대학 1982 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.19 No.3

The purpose of this investigation was to study the influence of Healon® on the absorption of experimentally induced hyphema which was created by intracameral injection of ^(51)Cr tagged whole blood through the limbus at the 12 o'clock position in 10 rabbits eyes, and to compare the influence of Healon® in the group with intracameral injection of radioactive ^(51)Cr mixed saline group consisting of 8 eyes and Healon® group consisting of 7 eyes. The rabbits were anesthetized generally with an intravenous injection of pentobarbital sodium (30㎎/㎏) into the marginal ear vein and anesthetized locally with 1.0% pontocaine. A venous blood sample of human whole blood was tagged with radioactive chromium (^(51)Cr) and mixed with acid citrate dextrose. This investigation was divided into three experirnentsl groups; Group Ⅰ ; eyes injected with 0.2㎖ of ^(51)Cr mixed saline (8 eyes). Group Ⅱ ; eyes injected with 0.2㎖ of ^(51)Cr mixed Healon® (7 eyes). Group Ⅲ ; eyes injected with 0.2㎖ mixture of ^(51)Cr tagged blood and Healon® (10 eyes). Thereafter, in each group, radioactivity (unit; counts per minute) was counted with a scintillation counter and the percentage for each group was obtained. 1. The rate of absorption was high in group Ⅰ, group Ⅱ, and group Ⅲ in decreasing order. 2. The maximum rate of absorption for each group to occur after the first day of the experiment in group Ⅰ, the second and third day of experiment in group Ⅱ, and the third and fourth day of experiment in group 8. 3. The time required for about 50% of the injected radioactivity to disappear was one day in group Ⅰ, two days in group Ⅱ, and three days in group Ⅲ. 4. In conclusion, I feel that the Healon® is more effective than saline in the irrigation of the anterior chamber for prevention of corneal blood staining in cases of long standing hyphema sustaining more than 3 days and has additional advantages in that, Healon® protects the corneal endothelium, maintains the depth of the anterior chamber, and prevents secondary hyphema by the mechanical blockage of the bleeding site and glaucoma or cataract.

한국 전시·컨벤션 센터의 운영 실태 및 입지에 관한 연구

이성호,방연종,김지숙 釜山大學校 都市問題硏究所 2003 都市硏究報 Vol.15 No.-

The Exhibition & Convention centers in Korea have many problems because of the constructions with overcompetition by local government. The purpose of this study therefore, is to explore the actual condition and locational suitability of the five existing exhibition & convention centers in Korea, and to suggest criteria on the location when same facility is constructed hereafter. From now on, locational criterion should be applied more cautiously and in detail, so the locational suitability must be heighten. There are some limits in this study. Most of all, it must be overcome the subjectivity of locational criterion, so various studies must be accomplished hereafter.

목련과 수종과 부위에 따른 견직물의 천연염색변이

박재인,연방희,최태호,이은경,임선희,김홍은,조남석,김태동 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2003 農業科學硏究 Vol.20 No.-

In order to establish a dyeing method with Magnoliaceae tree species dyeing was examined with 4 different parts, leaf, stem bark, root, flower of 4 Magnohaceae species, Magnolia kobus Dc., Magnolia denudata Desr, Magnolia obovata Thunb, Liriodendron tulipifera L Mordants used were chemicals, AIK(SO_4)_2 24H_2O, Ca(OH)_2, FeSO_4 7H_2O. All four species showed similar coloring among four different parts. Leaves and petals showed dark yellow, stem bark, grayish yellow, root bark, dark red or yellow. Al mordant made more brighter colour than Fe mordant. Stem bark showed less difference in color by mordants, whereas petals did the biggest.

혈액종양 환자의 중심정맥 카테터에 대한 헤파린 관류와 생리식염수 관류의 효과 비교

문초희,연보라,김현진,은방희,배영이 병원간호사회 2006 임상간호연구 Vol.11 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of heparin flushing and normal saline flushing in maintaining patency of central venous catheters(CVCs), and to investigate relative risk factors of CVCs' occlusion. Method: A total of 159 patients who had been inserted with CVCs were included in the department of hemato-oncology of S hospital. The heparin group consisted of 74 patients with 10u/ml diluted heparin flushing from 23 November 2004 to 15 January 2005, and the normal saline group consisted of 85 patients with 0.9% normal saline flushing from 19 January to 31 March of 2005. Result: The heparin group was significantly different from the normal saline group in CVCs' occlusion. The normal saline group offered a much longer survival duration of CVCs' patency than the heparin group. Potential bleeding signs (PT, aPTT) had no significant differences. In multivariate analysis, 0.9% normal saline (hazard ratio 0.50), chemo port (hazard ratio 3.38), and no administration of TPN (hazard ratio 0.25) were the significant factors for occlusion of CVCs. Conclusion: For maintaining the patency of CVCs, 0.9% normal saline flushing are expected to be effective in reducing drug incompatibilities, lessening the bleeding tendency and improving cost effectiveness .

정신분열증 음성증상에 대한 단기 토큰경제의 효과와 치료인자

안정숙,이연덕,방형석,박정은,신정호 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.5

연구목적 : 정신분열증의 음성증상은 약물치료에 잘 반응하지 않은 채로 남아 재활을 어렵게 한다. 본 연구는 정신분열증환자의 음성증상을 개선시키는데 토큰경제치료(TET)가 효과가 있는 지를 조사하고, 종합병원의 정신과병동 여건에 맞는 TET 프로그램을 개발하고자 시행되었다. 연구방법 : 정신과병동에 입원치료중 음성증상이 주문제가 되어 삼개월 이하의 단기 TET를 받은 정신분열증환자 35사례를 대상으로, PANSS음성증상척도를 사용하여 TET의 효과를 조사하였다. 또한 목표행동의 각 수준별로 성공집단과 실패집단의 환자 변인과 프로그램 변인을 비교함으로써 치료인자를 규명하고자 하였다. 연구결과 : 1) 음성소척도 총점은 기저선 관찰기간의 31.57±4.32점에서 TET 종료시 20.66±4.63점으로 낮아졌다. TET종료시 음성소척도의 7개 증상 모두 감소하였으나 추상적 사고의 장애와 상동적 사고는 다른 5개 소척도 증상에 비해 상대적으로 덜 개선되었다. 또한 TET 기간 동안 항정신증약물의 용량은 487.58±372.79mg/day로부터 291.21±287.74mg/day로 감소하였다. 2) 자조기술 수준(Ⅰ)에 속한 항목들의 성공률은 75%, 병동활동 수준(Ⅱ)에서는 78%, 사회기술 및 작업 수준(Ⅲ)에서는 68%로서, 전체 목표행동에 대한 TET의 성공률은 74%였다. 3) 수준 Ⅱ의 성공집단은 실패집단보다 TET 종료시 항정신병약물의 투약용량이 유의하게 낮았으며, 수준 Ⅲ의 성공집단은 실패집단보다 입원경력이 유의하게 적었다(p<.05). 수준 Ⅰ에서는 간식신청, 면회, 가족외출 등이, 수준 Ⅱ에서는 면회가 강화물로 적용되었을 때 성공률이 유의하게 높았다. 결 론 : 이러한 결과는 TET가 정신분열증환자의 음성증상에 효과적인 치료법임을 보여준다. TET의 효율향상과 원할한 운용을 위해서는 개별화된 프로그램을 개발하려는 지속적인 연구가 필요할 것이다. Objective : The negative symptoms of schizophrenia usually are not responsive to drug therapy to persist and make schizophrenics more difficult in their rehabilitation. The authors investigated the therapeutic effect of token economy(TET) for negative symptoms of schizophrenic patients, and attempted to develop a TET program for psychiatric wards in general hospital. Methods : Negative subscale of PANSS was rated for 35 schizophrenics with negative symptoms as their main problems before and after short-term TET(less than 3 months). Therapeutic factors were identified by comparing patient and program variables between the achieved and the non-achieved group of each level of target behaviors. Results : 1) Subtotal of negative subscale of PANSS was decreased from 31.57±4.32 at baseline to 20.66±4.63 after treatment. With TET, symptoms of 'difficulty in abstract thinking' and 'stereotypic thinking' were less responsive than the other 5 items of the scale. Also the dose of antipsychotics prescribed was reduced to 291.21±287.74mg/day from 487.58±372.79mg/day. 2) The achievement rate of level Ⅰ(self-help) was 75%, level Ⅱ(ward-activity) 78%, and level Ⅲ(social activity/occupation) 68%, resulting in average 74% for all target behaviors. 3) On level Ⅱ, dose of antipsychotics was lower, and on level Ⅲ, number of admission was fewer and female sex was more frequent in achieving patient group than nonachieving group. The rate of achievement was higher in case of special food, reception, and outing with family applied as a reinforcer on level Ⅰ, and reception on level Ⅱ. Conclusion : These results showed that TET was effective for schizophrenic patients with negative symptoms in psychiatric ward. Further investigations to refine the individual program of TET will be needed for enhancement of it's therapeutic efficacy and smart application of it.

한국인의 심근 조직내 카드뮴 농도의 참고치

박정덕,임헌방,최병선,권일훈,이상연,강은용,홍연표,장임원 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.1

Cadmium(Cd) is an ubiquitous, toxic and nonessential metal which is controversial about the association with a cardiovascular disease. In this study, we investigated the reference level of Cd in myocardium in Korean general population. The level of Cd and zinc(Zn) concentration in myocardium of 252 cases of "sudden and unexpected death" autopsies (male: 172, female : 60) aged 0 to 87 years was analyzed. The concentration of Cd and Zn was determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometer(Perkin-Elmer Model 5100) by flameless and flame method, respectively. The content of Cd and Zn in myocardium showed the log-normal distribution rather than normal distribution. Geometric mean concentration of Cd was 0.19 ㎍/g wet weight in myocardium. The level of Cd in myocardium was not significantly different between male (0.18㎍/g wet weight) and female (0.22㎍/g wet weight). Geometric mean concentration of Zn in myocardium was 25.25 ㎍/g wet weight. The level of Zn between male (25.13 ㎍/g wet weight) and female (25.57㎍/g wet weight) was not different. The deposit of Cd in myocardium was age-dependent of biphasic pattern, but the Zn level by age was not significantly different. The level of Cd in myocardium was increased to the fifties of age, thereafter a leveling-off was shown. The regression model of Cd deposit in myocardium by age was predicted as the following equation: Log Heart-Cd= -1.2726 + 0.0234 ·Age -0.0002 ·Age². The maximum Cd deposit in myocardium was estimated to be 0.26 ㎍/g wet weight at the age of 58.5 in Korean general population. In addition, the total Cd burden in heart by age was predicted as a following equation: Total Cd burden in Heart= -10.165+2.891 ·Age -0.0258 ·Age². The maximum heart burden of Cd was estimated to be 70.7㎍ at age of 55.4. The positive correlation between Cd and Zn was observed in myocardium. The linear regression equation was Log Heart-Zn = 1.4195+0.0262 ·Log Heart-Cd.

제주도 연안역 부유성 요각류의 출현과 주요종의 계절변화

손태준,오봉철,고유봉,고방연 濟州大學校海洋硏究所 1994 해양과환경연구소 연구논문집 Vol.18 No.-

Seasonal fluctuations of species composition and abundance of pelagic copepods on the coast of Cheju Island were examined. Samples were collected from the four surface waters(Udo, Gosan, Seogwi and Cheju) of Cheju Island during the period from July 1990 to March 1994. There was considerable seasonal variation in occurance of pelagic copepods, with high values from summer to fall and low ones from winter to spring. Mean copepodid individuals showed a peak in May 1991 and 1992. Numerical abundance of copepods was observed in May and November. Copepodid and other crustacean larvae gave the evidence of active production during the period of sampling. Seventy seven species of pelagic copepods were identified, of which Paracalanus indicus, Acartia omorii, A. steueri, Oncaea venusta, Oithona plumifera, Calanus sinicus, Corycaeus affinis were main constituents. Most of these copepods are well found in Kuroshio current. P. indicus showed three peaks(early spring, early summer and early winter) in adult individuals, C. sinicus, A. steueri and O. plumifera, two peaks in winter and summer, C. affinis two peaks in spring and winter, A. omorii showed only one peak in autumn in this study area.

제주도 연안역 부유성 요각류의 출현과 주요종의 계절변화

고유봉,오봉철,고방연,손태준 제주대학교 해양연구소 1994 해양자원연구소연구보고 Vol.18 No.-

The Copepods(Calanoida, Cyclopoida and Harpacticoida)around Cheju Island, Korea(Crustacea)

오봉철,고유봉,고방연 제주대학교 해양연구소 1994 해양자원연구소연구보고 Vol.18 No.-

Toxicological Characterization of Phthalic Acid

Bang, Du-Yeon,Lee, In-Kyung,Lee, Byung-Mu Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2011 Toxicological Research Vol.27 No.4

There has been growing concern about the toxicity of phthalate esters. Phthalate esters are being used widely for the production of perfume, nail varnish, hairsprays and other personal/cosmetic uses. Recently, exposure to phthalates has been assessed by analyzing urine for their metabolites. The parent phthalate is rapidly metabolized to its monoester (the active metabolite) and also glucuronidated, then excreted. The objective of this study is to evaluate the toxicity of phthalic acid (PA), which is the final common metabolic form of phthalic acid esters (PAEs). The individual PA isomers are extensively employed in the synthesis of synthetic agents, for example isophthalic acid (IPA), and terephthalic acid (TPA), which have very broad applications in the preparation of phthalate ester plasticizers and components of polyester fiber, film and fabricated items. There is a broad potential for exposure by industrial workers during the manufacturing process and by the general public (via vehicle exhausts, consumer products, etc). This review suggests that PA shows in vitro and in vivo toxicity (mutagenicity, developmental toxicity, reproductive toxicity, etc.). In addition, PA seems to be a useful biomarker for multiple exposure to PAEs in humans.