돈황 막고굴에 나타난 다보탑의 변천

조정식,김버들,조해현,김보람,Cho, Jeong-Sik,Kim, Bue-Dyel,Jo, Jae-Hyun,Kim, Bo-Ram 한국건축역사학회 2013 건축역사연구 Vol.22 No.5

This study aims to investigate the architectural characteristics of the Da-bo stupa by examining the correlation among architectural languages and by studying the features of its architectural components and transitional changes shown in Da-bo stupa line drawings in Dunhuang Mogao Grottes. The results are as follows. 1st, the Da-bo stupa of Dunhuang faithfully follows the sutra of lotus, and although the form changes, the fundamental essence of Bo-tap-yong-chul and two seated Buddhas provided by the Gyun-bo-tap-pum in the sutra of lotus is consistent. 2nd, the pagoda body can be periodically divided into parasol, stupa, and royal palace types. The parasol type has an incomplete tower body, which makes distinguishing each of its architectural components difficult. The stupa type appeared between the early (AD 618-712) and middle (AD 766-835) Tang dynasty. It combines the form of Indian stupa type and East Asian wood structural architecture. The royal palace type, which appeared between the peak period of the Tang (713-765) and Sung Dynasties, shows the standardized pattern of the Da-bo stupa described as two seated Buddhas and Bo-tap-yong-chul. 3rd, the use of a stylobate does not appear in the early construction of Da-bo stupa, only in the later period, in the form of high pillars. Forms include many Su-mi-jwah and three-way stairways and Dab-do, but as time passes, the forms are simplified to the form of high pillars. 4th, the purpose of early Da-bo stupa was to provide space for Da-bo-yu-rae of Gyun-bo-tap-pum; hence, it did not have sangryoon(the top part). However, after it was influenced by general pagodas, sangryoon was established. Toward the Tang Dynasty, sangryoon has come to emphasize the forms of boryoon(nine wheels) or dome. However, this form is eventually simplified to only retain bo-joo(the orb).

Treadmill Running과 Ergometer Cycling에 依한 心拍動數·筋持久力·筋力 間의 관계硏究

河炫保 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1988 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.4 No.-

This study was proceeded Hyun-Bo Hah training effect by treadmill running(T.R) and pwc 170 bicycle ergometer(B.E) and physical fitness factor which was effected on (T.R)and (B.E). The subjects were 8 persons who was 37.5years old make and D university students, the method of load to give exercise was load increase of load method. The results were as follows. 1. Maximum Heart Rate by B.E(165.625 ±4.608 beats/min)was significantly(p<0.01) higher than it by T.R.(191.025 ±10.071 beats/min). 2. All out Time by B.E(12.090 ±1.37min)was significantly(p<0.01)longer than it by T.R(8.71 ±1.305min). 3. About Heart Rate according to the Increase of load, B.E was r=0.994(Y=7.460x+82.965; Time, Y=0.083x ±75.506;KPM), T.R was r=0.807(Y=8.388x ±117.205). (X: Time or load, Y : Maximum Heart Rate) 4. All out time by B.E was correlated with leg flexion maximum muscle strength(left : r= 0.720, Right : r=0.640), and it by T.R was correlated with left leg muscle endurance(flexion : r=0.368, Extension : r=0.401). 5. Heart Rate by B.E was correlated with leg muscle endurance(right flexion : r= 0.308), and correlated with maximum muscle strength(left flexion : r=-0.790, right flexion : r=-0.906), T.E was correlated with right leg muscle endurance(Extension : r=0.341, Flexion : r=0.399), and was correlated with flexion maximum muscle strength(left : r=-0.633, Right : r=-0.641). ansrhd

Distribution and mitochondrial DNA tracing of the invasive Argentine ants (Linepithema humile) in South Korea

Park Sang‐Hyun,Ha Young‐Ho,Kim Dong Eon,Kim Chang‐Jun,Choi Moon Bo 한국곤충학회 2021 Entomological Research Vol.51 No.3

Argentine ants (Linepithema humile) are one of the world’s most invasive species and were first reported in South Korea, near Busan Port in 2019. The distribution of their initial spread was investigated here from April to July 2020. In the invasion area, numerous nests and individuals were identified, indicating that they had settled and successfully invaded the habitat. To track the invasion of the Argentine ants we conducted haplotype analysis using COI, COII, and Cytb sequences of their mitochondrial DNA. The invasive ants had the same mitochondrial haplotype (H3) as Argentine ants from America (Chile, Ecuador, Bermuda) and East Asia (Japan). When comparing the import trade volumes at Busan port with the Argentine ant haplotypes from other countries, it was determined that the invasive ants may have originated from the United States or Japan. Numerous ecological and economic impacts due to their invasion and spread in other countries has previously been reported. Therefore, prompt control measures for the Argentine ants found at Busan port, at this relatively early stage of settlement, is required.

A note on the conductance inequalities for quasiregular mappings

Chung, Bo-Hyun Research Institute of Science and Technology HONGI 2005 Hongik Journal of Science and Technology Vol.9 No.-

The method of conductance has been successfully applied to analytic functions of a complex variable. Let E,F be sets and let Γ = △(E, F) the family of curves which join E to F. In this paper, we shall study the problems of finding estimates for the conductance C(Γ).

S-580 : Vitamin D and carotid subclinical atherosclerosis in SLE

( Chang Bum Bae ),( Ju Yang Jung ),( Bo Ram Go ),( Hyun Ah Kim ),( Chang Hee Suh ) 대한내과학회 2013 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2013 No.1

Vitamin D and carotid subclinical atherosclerosis in SLE Chang-Bum Bae, Ju-Yang Jung, Bo-ram Go, Hyun-Ah Kim, Chang-Hee Suh Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea Introduction Atherosclerosis develops earlier in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and is the important cause of mortality. It has been suggested that vitamin D deficiency contributed cardiovascular disease and immune dysregulation in SLE. Methods One-hundred two female patients with SLE and 52 normal controls (NC) were recruited. The carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) and plague were assessed by B-mode ultrasound at the carotid artery level. Vitamin 25(OH)D3 levels were checked by immunoradiometric assay using the Bio-Line 25(OH)D3-Ria CT kit (Bio-Line S.A., Belgium). Disease activity markers were checked at the time of enrollment. Results The cIMT of SLE is 0.41±0.08mm, which is higher than NC (0.37±0.11 mm, p=0.012). Also, carotid artery plague index (PI) of SLE is higher than NC (0.68±1.39 vs 0.26±0.87, p=0.026). The cIMT was correlated with age (r=0.442, p<0.001), body mass index (r=0.246, p=0.013), waist-hip ratio (r=0.245, p=0.013), SLE disease activity index (r=0.239, p=0.016), taking aspirin (r=0.244, p=0.013), and the carotid artery PI was correlated with renal involvement (r=0.224, p=0.023) in patients with SLE. Vitamin 25(OH)D3 was not showed correlation with cIMT and carotid artery PI. Also, it was not correlated with disease activity markers. Conclusion In patients with SLE, the risk of cardiovascular disease measured by cIMT and carotid artery plaque was higher than NC, which may be derived from systemic inflammation. However, vitamin D levels were not showed significant correlations with carotid subclinical atherosclerosis. It may be not suitable to assess vitamin D as marker of disease activity or subclinical atherosclerosis.

녹동균 세포외막 단백질 백신 CFC-1-101의 안정성 및 면역원성 검토 : 임상 제 Ⅰ/Ⅱa상 시험

장인진,김익상,유경상,임동석,김형기,신상구,장우현,박완제,이나경,정상보,안동호,조양제,안보영,이윤하,김영지,남성우,김현수 대한감염학회 1998 감염 Vol.30 No.3

목적 : 제일제당에서는 녹농균의 세포외막 단밸질을 유효성분으로 하는 백신인 CFC-101을 개발하였으며, 동물시험에서 이 백신의 안전성과 유효성을 입증하였다. 본 연구에서는 이 녹농균 백신의 인체에 대한 안전성과 면역원성을 평가하는 동시에 인체 접종시의 최적 투여 용량을 결정하기 위하여 제 I/Ⅱa상 임상시험을 수행하였다. 방법 : 건강한 성인 남자를 피험자로 선별하여 각 용량군에 백신투여자 6명, 위약투여자 2명을 배정하였다. 백신 투여군은 0.25mg, 0.5mg 또는 1.0mg 용량의 녹농균 백신을 7일 간격으로 3회에 걸쳐 근육주사 하였으며, 위약 투여군에게는 세포외막 단백질을 제외한 동일한 성분을 투여하였다. 백신접종 후 국소적 또는 전신적인 반응의 발생여부를 관찰하고, 혈액시료를 체취하여 백신의 역가와 유효성을 검정하였다. 결과 : 녹농균 백신 CFC-101은 모든 접종자에서 양호한 내약성을 보였다. 또한 0.5mg 과 1.0mg 백신 투여군에서는 100%의 항체양전율을 나타내었다. 생성된 항체는 녹농균 세포외막단백질에 특이성을 보였고, 녹농균 감염에 대해 방어효능이 있었다. 결론 : 이와같은 결과로부터 이 녹농균 백신은 인체에 안전하게 투여할 수 있으며, 높은 항체 생성능으로 감염방어 효능을 보이고 0.5mg과 1.0mg이 최적용량인 것으로 판단되었다. Background : We developed a Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane protein(OMP) vaccine CFC-101, and the prophylactic efficacy of which has been demonstrated in animal models. In order to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the P. aeruginosa vaccine, we carried out a phase I/Ⅱa clinical trial in healthy male volunteers. Methods : Groups of eight volunteers, including two placebo subjects, were vaccinated intramuscularly with three doses of 0.25, 0.5 or 1.0 mg of the vaccine at one week intervals. Sings of systemic and local reactions observed after vaccination were recorded for each vaccinee for 5 days. Physical examinations were performed on days 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 21, and 42, and clinical laboratory tests were done on days 0, 3, and 21. Blood samples for assay of serum antibody levels were obtained up to 42 days after the first vaccination. Results : The vaccine was generally well tolerated by all vaccinees, showing no significant side effects. In the three dosage groups, all vaccinees, except one receiving the 0.25 mg dose, showed significant elevation in serum IgG antibody titers against the vaccine proteins, indicating 100% seroconversion in 0.5 and 1.0 mg groups. The human antibodies induced by the vaccine were specific for P. aeruginosa OMPs, as confirmed by western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation assays. The capacity of the human antisera to enhance opsonophagocytic killing activity by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and to confer protection against P. aeruginosa infections indicates that the antibodies elicited by the vaccine have protective efficacy. Conclusion : We conclude that the P. aeruginosa OMP vaccine is safe and effective for human use and its optimal dose to be 0.5 or 1.0 mg.

임플란트의 collar design이 변연골과 연조직에 미치는 영향

유현상,강선녀,정창모,윤미정,허중보,전영찬 대한치과보철학회 2012 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.50 No.1

연구 목적: 임플란트 경부가 잘 설계된 경우 양호한 연조직 반응을 통해 변연골을 보존하는데 도움이 된다. 본 실험에서는 연, 경조직 경계부에 가장 가까이 위치하는 임플란트의 collar design이 변연골 변화와 연조직 반응에 미치는 영향을 동물실험을 통해 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 2마리의 건강한 Beagle dog에 임플란트 collar design만 다른 두 종류의 임플란트(Neobiotech Co. Seoul, Korea)를 식립하였다. Collar에 bevel 을 부여한 군(Bevel 군)과 "S"자 형태를 부여한 군(Bioseal 군)으로 나누어 마리 당 7개, 군당 7개, 총 14개의 임플란트를 무작위로 식립한 후 Healing abutment를 즉시 체결하였다. 디지털 표준구내 방사선사진을 이용해 4주 간격으로 총 12주간 근원심 변연골 변화를 관찰하였고, 12주에 희생하여 조직학적 분석을 통해 협설 변연골 흡수 및 임플란트 주변 연조직 반응을 평가하였다. Mann-Whitney test를 통해 동일한 방사선 사진 촬영 시점에서 근원심 변연골 변화량 및 조직계측치를 군 간 비교하였고, Kruskal-Wallis test를 통해 방사선 사진상 근원심 변연골 변화량이 시간에 따른 차이가 있는지 군 내 분석 한 후 Duncan test를 통해 사후 검증하였다(α=.05). 결과: 방사선학적 분석 결과 각 촬영 시점에서 두 군간 근원심 변연골 변화량의 차이를 보이지 않았다(P>.05). 군 내에서 시간에 따른 근원심 변연골의 흡수량을 분석한 결과 Bevel 군에서는 시간에 따른 차이를 보이지 않았으나 (P>.05), Bioseal 군에서는 시간에 따른 차이를 보였으며, 4주및8주와 비교했을 때 12주에서 변연골의 증가를 보였다(P<.05). 조직학적 분석 결과 협설측 변연골 흡수량에서 두 군간 차이를 보이지 않았으나 (P>.05), Bevel 군에 비해 Bioseal 군에서 더 견고한 결합조직부착을 관찰할 수 있었으며, 생물학적 폭경의 값은 두 집단 간 차이를 보이지 않은 반면에 (P>.05), 접합상피부착은 Bevel 군에서 유의하게 길었고, 결합조직부착은 Bioseal 군에서 더 길게 나타났다(P<.05). 결론: Bevel 군에 비해 Bioseal 군에서 결합조직부착은 길게 형성된 반면에 접합상피부착은 더 짧게 나타났으며, 생물학적 폭경과 초기 변연골 흡수에는 차이가 없음을 알 수 있었다. 연조직 반응의 차이가 실제 기능하중 하에서 변연골 변화에 미치는 영향에 대해서 향후 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of implant collar design on marginal bone change and soft tissue response by an animal test. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Two types of Implant (Neobiotech Co. Seoul, Korea) that only differs in collar design were planted on two healthy Beagle dogs. The implants were divided into two groups, the first group with a beveled collar (Bevel Group) and the second group with "S" shaped collar (Bioseal group). Standardized intraoral radiographs were used to investigate the mesio-distal change of the marginal bone. Histological analysis was done to evaluate the bucco-lingual marginal bone resorption and the soft tissue response adjacent to the implant. Mann-Whitney test was done to compare the mesio-distal marginal bone change at equivalent time for taking the radiographs and the tissue measurements between the groups. RESULTS. Radiographic and histological analysis showed that there was no difference in marginal bone change between the two groups (P>.05). Histological analysis showed Bioseal group had more rigid connective tissue attachment than the Bevel group. There was no difference in biological width (P>.05). Bevel group showed significantly longer junctional epithelium attachment and Bioseal group showed longer connective tissue attachment (P<.05). CONCLUSION. For three months there were no differences in marginal bone change between the Bevel group and the Bioseal group. As for the soft tissue adjacent to the implant, Bioseal group showed longer connective tissue attachment while showing shorter junctional epithelium attachment. There were no differences in biologic width.

行政情報시스템의 槪念的 模形의 定立

金普鉉 동국대학교 행정대학원 1992 행정논집 Vol.20 No.-

위탁급식계약 개발전략수립을 위한 업체선정 요인분석

이보숙,양일선,박진영,김현아 한국조리과학회 2004 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.20 No.5

The purposes of this study were to compare, through a factor analysis, the perceived level of importance of 4 categories of features relating to food service management between salespeople and clients, to establish an effective marketing strategy for successful contracting. To obtain data on the perceived level of importance level of the factors affecting foodservice management contracts, questionnaires were developed using the Delphi technique, which were modified by apilot test. The questionnaires consisted of 4 categories and 19 items on the factors affecting foodservice management contracts, with the importance level of these factors measured on a 5 point-Liken type scale. Between March 12 and April 13 2003, the self-administrative questionnaires were mailed to the 60 salespeople and 280 clients. A total of 50 clients (25%) and 48 stlespeople(77%) responded to the questionnaires. As a result, forprivate contracts and in competitive hiding, the differences of the perceived importance level between the salespeople and clients of the 3 categories the appropriateness of foodservice operation plan, sales ability, the conditions and costs of the contract) were sis_naificant. For the 5 items relating to private contracts, Field trip, Menu Management Plan. Sanitation and Safety Management, Cost per meal and Food Cost per meal, both the salespeople and clients perceived high levels of importance for all these items. For competitive biding, both the salespeople and clients perceived high levels of importance for the 6 item the Fooxiservice operation supportive system, Field trip, Menu Management Plan, Renewal plans for interior and environment, Cost per meal and Food Cost per meal.

A Note on Minimal Extremal Distance

鄭寶鉉 弘益大學校 産業技術硏究所 2007 産業技術 Vol.17 No.-

In this paper, we introduce the concept of "joined extremal distance" and "minimal extremal distance". In particular, we obtain the following properties. Theorem. Let λ_(j) and λ_(*) denote the joined extremal distance and minimal extremal distance, respectively. Then Let λ_(j) = λ_(*).