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POSSIBILITIES TO IMPROVE TRANSIENT GEAR SHIFT NOISE (SHIFT CLONK) IN A PASSENGER CAR
BIERMANN J. W.,REITZ A. The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 2005 International journal of automotive technology Vol.6 No.1
The presented investigation of shift clonk in a vehicle with front-wheel drive shows how a detailed analysis of the complete acoustic system with respect to excitation, transfer and radiation foremost enables possibilities of noise reduction to be worked out. One of the most important basics for the shift clonk analysis was a synchronous measurement of both, torsional vibrations in the drive train on the excitation side as well as airborne and structure-borne noise signals on the transfer and radiation side. Thus, root causes could be identified and improvement measures of the internal shift system could be worked out. An analysis of the transfer paths by means of airborne and structure borne noise measurements made evident that the side shafts were responsible for the disturbing frequencies in the transfer paths. With the help of the FE-simulation it was possible to develop measures of structure optimisation for the side shaft system. The realisation of these measures clearly reduced the shift-noises in the vehicle interior.
THE CLONK PHENOMENON -A LOAD CHANGE REACT10N TO BE BALANCED H TERMS OF COMPORT AND ENGINE RESPONSE
Biermann, J.W.,Reitz, A.,Schumacher,T. The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 2000 International journal of automotive technology Vol.1 No.1
The customers demand of a good vehicle agility consists of a quick reaction of the vehicle with the actuation of the throttle pedal on one hand and a high comfort level of vibration and noise within the vehicle on the other hand, which means the reduction of disturbing side effects. In order to achieve a satisfactory compromise it is necessary to gain a deeper understanding of the complex, high dynamic vibrations system "vehicle / drive train". For several years the ika has been carrying out such detailed vehicle investigations and test bench measurements in addition to comprehensive CAE analysis for various research projects in partnership with different vehicle manufacturers.
THE ORDERING OF MAGNETIC FIELDS IN THE COSMOS
BIERMANN PETER L.,KRONBER PHILIPP P. The Korean Astronomical Society 2004 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.37 No.5
It is argued that the key task in understanding magnetic fields in the cosmos is to comprehend the origin of their order or coherence over large length scales in galaxies. Obtaining magnetic fields can be done in stars, whose lifetime is usually $10^{10}$ rotations, while galactic disks have approximately 20 to 50 rotations in their lifetime since the last major merger, which established the present day gaseous disk. Disorder in the galactic magnetic fields is injected on the disk time scale of about 30 million years, about a tenth of the rotation period, so after one half rotation already it should become completely disordered. Therefore whatever mechanism Nature is using, it must compete with such a short time scale, to keep order in its house. This is the focal quest.
De quelle couleur est une personne de couleur?
BIERMANN FISCHER,Michele 프랑스학회 2014 프랑스학연구 Vol.67 No.-
프랑스어에서 사람(Personne, peuplem fille 등)을 가리키는 명사 뒤에 오는 ‘de couleur’라는 표현은 통상적으로 흑인을 지칭한다. 여기에는 분명 문화적, 사회학적, 심리학적 이유가 있겠지만, 순 언어학적 측면으로 접근하더라도 ‘색깔’이라는 단어가 피부색으로 환치되고, 피부색이 다시 ‘검은 피부’로 환원되는 과정에 함축되어 있는 다양한 대립과 배제의 논리는 간단치도 않고 일관성이 있지도 않다. 지리적 관점에서 보면 인도인의 검은 피부는 배제한 채 ‘검은 아프리카’ 주민, 호주 원주민, 카리브 지역 원주민, 미국의 흑인들만이 ‘de couluer’라는 표현을 받을 수 있으며, 색깔의 관점에서 보면 지중해 지역 주민의 짙은 피부색은 ‘검은색’이 아닌 ‘갈색’으로 분류되며, 이 역시 ‘유색인’의 범주에서 배제되는 식이다. 또한 ‘색couleur’이라는 단어 자체의 이중적 용례도 개입되는데 검은색, 흰색, 회색은 경우에 따라 ‘색’으로 취급되기도 하고 ‘색’에서 제외되기도 하는 것이다(칼라사진vs흑백사진). 또한 인공 선텐이나 백피증 등으로 인한 피부색 변화가 있어도 흑인 · 유색인 등의 ‘자연적’ 색깔로는 여겨지지 않으며, ‘de couleur’라는 표현은 머리카락, 눈 등 다른 신체부위에 적용되지 않는다. 흑인/백인의 구별이 인간을 분류하는 여러 방식 중 매우 근본적인 것임을 감안할 때 이렇게 피부색에 관련된 표현의 여러 용례를 비교함으로써 우리는 인간이 인간을 분류하는 ‘범주화’의 과정을 구체적으로 관찰할 수 있다.
Innovations in Vocational Pedagogics in the Federal Republic of Germany in the last Decade
Horst Biermann 대한공업교육학회 1984 대한공업교육학회지 Vol.9 No.2
서독직업교육에서의 이원화제도는 서독적인 제도라고 특성지워지며, 세계적으로 도제훈련제도로서 가장 우수한 제도라고 알려져있다. 그러나 1970년대의 10여년간 이러한 훈련제도는 제도적인 구조뿐만 아니라 교육학적인 접근에 있어서도 개혁되었다. 예를 들면, 이원화제도의 행정, 재정, 책임이 논의되었고 교사교육제도, 연구기관 등이 새롭게 설립되었다. 또한 기업내에서와 학교에서의 교육 이외에 기업들이 연합하여 세운 훈련기관도 설립되었다. 교육적인 관점에서 전통적인 훈련과정을 현대화시키는 주된 접근방법은 직업교육을 위한 기초과정(the Vocational Basic Year, Berufs-Grundbildungs-Jahr BGJ)이다. 이러한 새로운 훈련과정은 전문 직업훈련을 받기 전에 우선 13개의 집업영역중에서 선택한 분야에서 도제훈련을 받도록 하는 것이다. 이러한 제도의 교육적 목적은 실제적 훈련에 대한 이론적 기초를 튼튼하게 하거나 비전문적으로 훈련함으로써 학생들의 능력을 넓히는 것이다. 이러한 선구적인 일이 학교에서와 기업에서 동시에 시작되었다. 이 논문에서는 기업과 학교에서 개발된 두 가지의 새로운 모델을 선정하여, 이들의 교육프로그램을 서술하였으며, 특별히 프로젝트 접근방법의 중요성을 중심으로 개괄적으로 다루었다.
POSSIBILITIES TO IMPROVE TRANSIENT GEAR SHIFT NOISE (SHIFT CLONK) IN A PASSENGER CAR
J.W. BIERMANN,A. REITZ 한국자동차공학회 2005 International journal of automotive technology Vol.6 No.1
The presented investigation of shift clonk in a vehicle with front-wheel drive shows how a detailed analysis of the complete acoustic system with respect to excitation, transfer and radiation foremost enables possibilities of noise reduction to be worked out. One of the most important basics for the shift clonk analysis was a synchronous measurement of both, torsional vibrations in the drive train on the excitation side as well as airborne and structure-borne noise signals on the transfer and radiation side. Thus, root causes could be identified and improvement measures of the internal shift system could be worked out. An analysis of the transfer paths by means of airborne and structure borne noise measurements made evident that the side shafts were responsible for the disturbing frequencies in the transfer paths. With the help of the FE-simulation it was possible to develop measures of structure optimisation for the side shaft system. The realisation of these measures clearly reduced the shift-noises in the vehicle interior.
THE CLONK PHENOMENON-A LOAD CHANGE REACTION TO BE BALANCED IN TERMS OF COMFORT AND ENGINE RESPONSE
J. -W. BIERMANN,A. REITZ,T. SCHUMACHER 한국자동차공학회 2000 International journal of automotive technology Vol.1 No.1
The customers demand of a good vehicle agility consists of a quick reaction of the vehicle with the actuation of the throttle pedal on one hand and a high comfort level of vibration and noise within the vehicle on the other hand. which means the reduction of disturbing side effects. In order to achieve a satisfactory compromise it is necessary to gain a deeper understanding of the complex. high dynamic vibrations system "vehicle / drive train". For several years the ika has been carrying out such detailed vehicle investigations and test bench measurements in addition to comprehensive CAE analysis for various research projects in partnership with different vehicle manufacturers.<br/>