Morphological, ecological and biological variations in the mustard aphid, Lipaphis pseudobrassicae (Kaltenbach) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from different host plants

B.K. Agarwala,Kalpana Das,Parichita Raychoudhury 한국응용곤충학회 2009 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.12 No.3

Genetic and morphological differentiation of insect populations in relation to the use of different host plants is an important phenomenon that leads to ecological specialization. In this study, we describe variations in morphology, and in ecological and biological parameters of Lipaphis pseudobrassicae (Kaltenbach) clones associated with three host species of Cruciferae, Brassica juncea (L.) var. rai sarson Czern and Cross (brown mustard), Brassica campestris L. var. sarson Prain (yellow mustard), and Rorippa indica (L.) Hiern (wild herb). This study was aimed at obtaining evidence regarding phenotypic differentiation induced by, or associated with, the use of distinct host species. Ten morphological characters, 4 growth parameters and 8 biological functions were investigated in wingless aphids collected from plants of the three host species. Aphids from B. campestris and B. juncea clones were bigger in size, heavier in weight and showed higher growth rates and fecundity than the clones from R. indica. Between the two crop plants, clones from B. juncea showed significantly higher growth rates than the clones from B. campestris. Transfer of L. pseudobrassicae populations from B. campestris to B. juncea and R. indica and vice versa resulted in poor performance. Results indicate that the average phenotype of L. pseudobrassicae individuals inhabiting different host plant species differs as a consequence of the contrasting feeding environments the host species provide. Genetic and morphological differentiation of insect populations in relation to the use of different host plants is an important phenomenon that leads to ecological specialization. In this study, we describe variations in morphology, and in ecological and biological parameters of Lipaphis pseudobrassicae (Kaltenbach) clones associated with three host species of Cruciferae, Brassica juncea (L.) var. rai sarson Czern and Cross (brown mustard), Brassica campestris L. var. sarson Prain (yellow mustard), and Rorippa indica (L.) Hiern (wild herb). This study was aimed at obtaining evidence regarding phenotypic differentiation induced by, or associated with, the use of distinct host species. Ten morphological characters, 4 growth parameters and 8 biological functions were investigated in wingless aphids collected from plants of the three host species. Aphids from B. campestris and B. juncea clones were bigger in size, heavier in weight and showed higher growth rates and fecundity than the clones from R. indica. Between the two crop plants, clones from B. juncea showed significantly higher growth rates than the clones from B. campestris. Transfer of L. pseudobrassicae populations from B. campestris to B. juncea and R. indica and vice versa resulted in poor performance. Results indicate that the average phenotype of L. pseudobrassicae individuals inhabiting different host plant species differs as a consequence of the contrasting feeding environments the host species provide.

Comparative and Structural Analysis of the Interaction between β-Lactoglobulin type A and B with a New Anticancer Component (2,2'-Bipyridin n-Hexyl Dithiocarbamato Pd(II) Nitrate)

A. Divsalar,A. A. Saboury*,H. Mansoori-Torshizi,B. Hemmatinejad 대한화학회 2006 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.27 No.11

The interaction between whey carrier protein b-lactoglobulin type A and B (BLG-A and -B) and 2,2'-bipyridin n-hexyl dithiocarbamato Pd(II) nitrate (BPHDC-Pd(II)), a new heavy metal complex designed for anticancer property, was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy combined with chemometry and circular dichroism (CD) techniques. A strong fluorescence quenching reaction of BPHDC-Pd(II) to BLG-A and -B was observed. Hence, BPHDC-Pd(II) complex can be bound to both BLG-A and -B, and quench the fluorescence spectra of the proteins. The quenching constant was determined using the modified Stern-Volmer equation. The binding parameters were evaluated by fluorescence quenching method. The results of binding study provided evidences presence of two and three sets of binding sites on the BLG-B and -A, respectively, for BPHDC-Pd(II) complex. Using fluorescence spectroscopy and chemometry, the ability of BLG-A and -B to form an intermediate upon interaction with BPHDC-Pd(II) complex was assessed. CD studies displayed that under influence of different concentrations of BPHDC-Pd(II) complex, the regular secondary structure of BLG-B had no significant changes, whereas for BLG-A a transition from a-helix to b-structure was appeared. The results for both of BLG-A and -B displayed that BPHDC-Pd(II) complex can induce a conformational transition from the native form to an intermediate state with a slightly opened conformation, which is detectable with chemometry analyses.

Adenosine triphosphate-based chemotherapy response assay-guided chemotherapy in unresectable colorectal liver metastasis

Hur, H,Kim, N K,Kim, H G,Min, B S,Lee, K Y,Shin, S J,Cheon, J H,Choi, S H Nature Publishing Group 2012 The British journal of cancer Vol.106 No.1

<P><B>Background:</B></P><P>This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of adenosine triphosphate-based chemotherapy response assay (ATP-CRA)-guided neoadjuvant chemotherapy for increasing resectability in patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastasis.</P><P><B>Patients and methods:</B></P><P>Patients were randomised into two groups: Group A was treated by conventional chemotherapy regimen and Group B was treated by chemotherapy regimen according to the ATP-CRA. Three chemotherapeutic agents (5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin and irinotecan) were tested by ATP-CRA and more sensitive agents were selected. Either FOLFOX or FOLFIRI was administered. Between Group A and B, treatment response and resectability were compared.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>Between November 2008 and October 2010, a total 63 patients were randomised to Group A (<I>N</I>=32) or Group B (<I>N</I>=31). FOLFOX was more preferred in Group A than in Group B (26 out of 32 (81.3%) <I>vs</I> 20 out of 31 (64.5%)). Group B showed better treatment response than Group A (48.4% <I>vs</I> 21.9%, <I>P</I>=0.027). The resectability of hepatic lesion was higher in Group B (35.5% <I>vs</I> 12.5%, <I>P</I>=0.032). Mean duration from chemotherapy onset to the time of liver resection was 11 cycles (range 4–12) in Group A and 8 cycles (range 8–16) in Group B.</P><P><B>Conclusion:</B></P><P>This study showed that tailored-chemotherapy based on ATP-CRA could improve the treatment response and resectability in initially unresectable colorectal liver metastasis.</P>

On the range kernel orthogonality of derivations

Duggal, B.P. TOPOLOGY AND GEOMETRY RESEARCH CENTER 1998 Proceedings of the Topology and Geometry Research Vol.9 No.-

Let H be a separable infinite dimensional complex Hilbert space, and let B(H) denote the algebra of operators on H into itself. The generalized derivation δA,B : B(H) → B(H) is defined by δA,B (X) = AX - XB; let △A,B : B(H) → B(H) be defined by △A,B (X) = AXB - X, and let d A,B denote δA,B or △A,B . Given that S ∈ Cp (the Schatten p-class, 1 < p < ∞) and that the pair of operators A and B* satisfies a Putnam-Fuglede commutativity theorem type property, we consider here a necessary and sufficient condition for ∥dA,B (X) + S∥p ≥ ∥S∥ p to hold for all X ∈ C p.

국내 감염성질환 병원체의 성상분석을 통한 표준실험실 체계 구축(Ⅱ) : 장내바이러스와 B형간염바이러스 국내 분리주의 성상분석(1)

윤재득,지영미,김기순,천두성,안정배,정윤석,신수연,이선화,이지원,조해월 국립보건연구원 2000 국립보건원보 Vol.37 No.-

EFFECTS OF DIETARY VITAMIN B₆ LEVELS ON LIPID CONCENTRATION AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION IN GROWING CHICKS

An, B.K.,Tanaka, K.,Ohtani, S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1995 Animal Bioscience Vol.8 No.6

This experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of various dietary vitamin $B_6$ levels on conversion from linoleic acid to arachidonic acid in various tissues in growing chicks. Growing chicks were fed the purified diet containing 7% safflower oil with different levels of vitamin $B_6$ (0, 4, 8, 40, 80 mg per kg diet) for 14 days. Feed intake and weight gain in chicks fed the vitamin $B_6$-free diet were markedly depressed. Esterified and free cholesterol concentrations in serum were significantly higher, while the serum triglyceride concentration was significantly lover in chicks fed the vitamin $B_6$-free diet compared to that fed diets with vitamin $B_6$. The liver triglyceride content was also lower in chicks fed the vitamin $B_6$-free diet. The liver and serum cholesterol ester fractions in chicks fed the vitamin $B_6$-free diet showed higher rate of $C_{18:2n6}$ and lower rates of $C_{18:3n6}$, $C_{20:3n6}$ and $C_{20:4n6}$ as compared with vitamin $B_6$ fed groups. In serum phospholipid fraction of chicks fed the vitamin $B_6$-free diet, rates of $C_{20:3n6}$ and $C_{20:4n6}$ were markedly lower. As dietary vitamin $B_6$ level was increased, the rate of $C_{20:4n6}$ was slightly increased, although it was statistically not significant. The fatty acid compositions of adipose tissue showed almost the same pattern as those in liver and serum. This result suggests that the desaturation of $C_{18:2n6}$ to $C_{18:3n6}$, elongation to $C_{20:3n6}$ or both steps might be impaired by vitamin $B_6$ deficiency in growing chicks.

反芻胃 Celluloytic Bacteria에 의한 섬유소 분해 및 비구조 탄수화물의 이용성에 관한 硏究

민병렬,김범석,맹원재 건국대학교 동물자원연구센터 1991 動物資源硏究誌 Vol.16 No.-

본 실험은 반추위내에 존재하는 주요한 cellulolytic bacteria를 選擇 및 非選擇培地를 사용하여 면양의 rumen내에 존재하는 celluloytic bacteria를 사용하여 纖維素 分解菌 각각의 纖維素源의 分解度, 비구조 탄수화물의 이용성 및 휘발성 지방산의 생성량을 측정하였다. 본 실험결과를 요약해 보면 다음과 같다. 1) In vitro상에서 Corn stover, alfalfa, rice straw 및 filterpaper No.1등의 섬유소원에 대한 R.flavefaciens의 평균 DM 소화율은 10.75%로 가장 높은 소화율을 나타내었으며, B.succinogenes, Buty. fibrisolvens 및 B. ruminicola subsp. 등은 각각 8.20%, 5.66% 및 2.5%의 DM소화율을 나타내었다.(p<0.05). 2) 섬유소원에서의 평균 microbial dry cell生成量은 R.flavefaciens. B.succinogenes, Buty.fibrisolvens 및 B.rumminicola subsp. 등이 각각 11.4, 4.47, 6.38 및 1.13mg/100ml를 가장 높은 미생물 cell의 생성량을 나타내었다. 3) ADF 및 NDF 평균 소화율은 R.flavefaciens가 가장 높았으며(23.61% 및 39.87%), B.succinogenses는 각각 11.16% 및 35.91%의 분해도를 나타내었다. Buty. fibrisolvens는 16.82% 및 24.34%로서 가장 낮은 분해도를 나타내었다. CEllulose消化率은 B.succinogenes가 14.43%로 R.flavefaciens(11.11%)보다 높은 분해율을 나타내었다. 4) 비구조 炭水化物 利用率은 (OD=670nm)R.flavefaciens가 mannose, arabinose 및 xylose 등을 가장 잘 이용하며, B. ruminicola subsp.은 galactose, mannose, arabinose 및 xylose등을 가장 잘 이용하는 것으로 나타났다. B.succinogenes는 glucose 및 rffainose를 가장 잘 이용하며, B.fibrisolvens는 glucose, galactose, arabinose, xylose 및 maltose등을 가장 잘 이용하는 것으로 나타났다. (P<0.05). 5) PYG basal medium에 炭水化物源을 각각 1g씩 첨가한 培養區에서 VFA 생성량은 R.flavefaciens는 주로 acetate, propionate, n-butyrate 및 succinate를 생산하는 것으로 나타났으며, 이것들의 생산량은 각각 81.65, 26.36, 20.16 및 108.91mM/100ml를 생산하여 succinate를 가장 많이 생산하는 것으로 나타났다. B.ruminicola subsp은 주로 acetate, propionate 및 n-butyrate를 생산하는 것으로 나타났으며, 이 균의 생산량은 각각 104.72, 31.32 및 26.12mM/100ml를 생산하였으며, B. succinogenes는 주로 acetate, propionate, n-butyrate 및 succinate를 생산하며, 이 균들의 생산량은 각각 87.66, 27.70 및 56.07mM/100ml 생산하였다. Buty.fibrisolvens는 주로 acetate, propionate 및 n-butyrate를 생산하는 것으로 나타났다. Fiber degradation of corn stover, rice straw, alfalfa or filter paper No.1 was evaluated using microscopy and in vitro analyses after incubation with pure culture of cellulolytic ruminal bacteria. 1) Analyses of the initial substrate and the recovered residue after 24h of static incubation showed that R.flavefaciens degraded a mean dry matter(10.75% versus 5.66%) more effectively than B. succinogenes. However, B, succinogenes demonstrated a qualitative advantage in degrading cellulose of particular substrates. DM digestibilities for alfalfa and rice straw. Treatment for 24h were 13.96% and 9.46% for R.lflavefaciens, 10.27% and 4.32% for B.succinogenes, and 7.74% and 2.31% for Buty. fibrisolvens(p<0.05). Bacteriodes ruminitola subsp. was unable to degrade plant cell wall components, while it degraded non-structural carbohydrates more actively than any other bacteria. Microbial cell DM yield(avg, 11.44mg/dl) was the highest for R. flavefaciens cultured with alfalfa substrate(p<0.05). 2) Ruminococcu flavefaciens degraded a mean 23.61% of the ADF and 39.87% of the NDF in the various substrates. whereas, B. succinogenes degraded a mean 11.6% and 35.91% of these fractions, respectively. 3) The utilization of carbodydrates was the highest for R.flavefaciens cultured with mannose and xylcse substrate, and for B. ruminicola subsp. with arabinose, xylose, raffinose and galactose respectively. B. succinogenes utilized glucose and raffinose, as major substrates fermentd(p<0.05) and Buty. fibrisolvens utilized glucose, galactose, arabinose, xylose and maltose. 4) Ruminococcus flavefaciens produced acetate, succinate and propionate, and B.ruminicola subsp. produced acetate, propionate and n-butyrate as major VFA. B.succinogenes produced acetate, propionate, n-butyrate and succinate, and Buty.fibrisolvens produced n-butyrate and acetate as major VFA.

반추위내 (反芻胃內) Cellulolytic bacteria 의 분리 동정 (同定) 및 Activity 에 관한 연구 (2) 반추위내 Cellulolytic bacteria 의 Activity 에 관한 연구

민병렬(B . R . Min),맹원재(W . J . Maeng),조남기(N . K . Cho) 한국영양사료학회 1991 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.15 No.3

1998년 분리된 이질균의 역학적 특성

이복권,강연호,김성한,유재연,전정훈 국립보건연구원 1998 국립보건원보 Vol.35 No.-

Bacteroides fragilis의 독소 유전자 분석 및 발병기전에 관한 연구

오희복,이근영,정경태,성원근 국립보건연구원 2000 국립보건원보 Vol.37 No.-