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Residual Strength of Corroded Reinforced Concrete Beams Using an Adaptive Model Based on ANN
Ashhad Imam,Fatai Anifowose,Abul Kalam Azad 한국콘크리트학회 2015 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.9 No.2
Estimation of the residual strength of corroded reinforced concrete beams has been studied from experimental and theoretical perspectives. The former is arduous as it involves casting beams of various sizes, which are then subjected to various degrees of corrosion damage. The latter are static; hence cannot be generalized as new coefficients need to be re-generated for new cases. This calls for dynamic models that are adaptive to new cases and offer efficient generalization capability. Computational intelligence techniques have been applied in Construction Engineering modeling problems. However, these techniques have not been adequately applied to the problem addressed in this paper. This study extends the empirical model proposed by Azad et al. (Mag Concr Res 62(6):405?414, 2010), which considered all the adverse effects of corrosion on steel. We proposed four artificial neural networks (ANN) models to predict the residual flexural strength of corroded RC beams using the same data from Azad et al. (2010). We employed two modes of prediction: through the correction factor (Cf) and through the residual strength (Mres). For each mode, we studied the effect of fixed and random data stratification on the performance of the models. The results of the ANN models were found to be in good agreement with experimental values. When compared with the results of Azad et al. (2010), the ANN model with randomized data stratification gave a Cf-based prediction with up to 49 % improvement in correlation coefficient and 92 % error reduction. This confirms the reliability of ANN over the empirical models.
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Rajiv Azad,Mohit Tayal,Sheenam Azad,Garima Sharma,Rajendra Kumar Srivastava 대한영상의학회 2017 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.18 No.6
Objective: To compare the contrast-enhanced fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (CE-FLAIR), the CE T1-weighted (CE-T1W) sequence with fat suppression (FS) and magnetization transfer (MT) for early detection and characterization of infectious meningitis. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients and 10 control subjects were evaluated with the CE-FLAIR and the CE-T1W sequences with FS and MT. Qualitative assessment was done by two observers for presence and grading of abnormal leptomeningeal enhancement. Quantitative assessment included computation of net meningeal enhancement, using single pixel signal intensity software. A newly devised FLAIR based scoring system, based on certain imaging features including ventricular dilatation, ependymal enhancement, infarcts and subdural effusions was used to indicate the etiology. Data were analysed using the Student’s t test, Cohen’s Kappa coefficient, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, the intraclass correlation coefficient, one way analysis of variance, and Fisher's exact test with Bonferroni correction as the post hoc test. Results: The CE-FLAIR sequence demonstrated a better sensitivity (100%), diagnostic accuracy (95%), and a stronger correlation with the cerebrospinal fluid, total leukocyte count (r = 0.75), protein (r = 0.77), adenosine deaminase (r = 0.81) and blood glucose (r = -0.6) values compared to the CE-T1W sequences. Qualitative grades and quantitative meningeal enhancement on the CE-FLAIR sequence were also significantly greater than those on the other sequences. The FLAIR based scoring system yielded a diagnostic accuracy of 91.6% and a sensitivity of 96%. A strong inverse Pearson’s correlation (r = -0.95) was found between the assigned score and patient’s Glasgow Coma Scale at the time of admission. Conclusion: The CE-FLAIR sequence is better suited for evaluating infectious meningitis and could be included as a part of the routine MR imaging protocol.
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Azad, M. O. K.,H. S. Choi,M. H. Rahman,임학태 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2020 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.32 No.2
Purple potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Bora Valley) is a nutrient source rich in bioactive compounds. However, the cooking methods either significantly affect retention of bioactive compounds or reduce them in the potatoes. The results of this study showed that the water solubility of the bioactive compounds was significantly higher in boiled potato (37%) compared to raw (31.3%) and steamed (30.9%) potatoes. The smallest nano-size particles were obtained from boiled potato (124 nm), followed by the steamed (138 nm) and raw (166 nm) potatoes. The total phenolic content in the boiled potato (3774 mg/100 g) was higher than in the steamed (2026 mg/100 g) and raw (3169 mg/100 g) potatoes. Likewise, the levels of single phenolic acids, such as caffeic and ferulic acid, increased, while the ascorbic and chlorogenic acid levels decreased in boiled potato. The total flavonoid and total anthocyanin contents were reduced by both cooking methods. Chromatographic analysis showed that the levels of the only pelargonidin increased but those of cyaniding, delphinid, and malvidin decreased in cooked potatoes compared to raw potatoes. However, the antioxidant capacity increased in boiled potatoes (37.6%) compared to the steamed (29.8%) and raw (29.9%) potatoes. The scanning electron microscopic analysis showed well- dispersed nano-size particles in boiled potatoes, while flocculated particles were observed in the steamed and raw potatoes. Finally it is concluded that boiling is the most suitable cooking processes to retain higher functional bioactive compounds in purple potato.
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( Azad M. O. K. ),( H. S. Choi ),( M. H. Rahman ),( Y. S. Lim ) 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원(구 농업과학연구소) 2020 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.32 No.2
Purple potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Bora Valley) is a nutrient source rich in bioactive compounds. However, the cooking methods either significantly affect retention of bioactive compounds or reduce them in the potatoes. The results of this study showed that the water solubility of the bioactive compounds was significantly higher in boiled potato (37%) compared to raw (31.3%) and steamed (30.9%) potatoes. The smallest nano-size particles were obtained from boiled potato (124 nm), followed by the steamed (138 nm) and raw (166 nm) potatoes. The total phenolic content in the boiled potato (3774 mg/100 g) was higher than in the steamed (2026 mg/100 g) and raw (3169 mg/100 g) potatoes. Likewise, the levels of single phenolic acids, such as caffeic and ferulic acid, increased, while the ascorbic and chlorogenic acid levels decreased in boiled potato. The total flavonoid and total anthocyanin contents were reduced by both cooking methods. Chromatographic analysis showed that the levels of the only pelargonidin increased but those of cyaniding, delphinid, and malvidin decreased in cooked potatoes compared to raw potatoes. However, the antioxidant capacity increased in boiled potatoes (37.6%) compared to the steamed (29.8%) and raw (29.9%) potatoes. The scanning electron microscopic analysis showed well- dispersed nano-size particles in boiled potatoes, while flocculated particles were observed in the steamed and raw potatoes. Finally it is concluded that boiling is the most suitable cooking processes to retain higher functional bioactive compounds in purple potato.
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Protective role of estrogen against excessive erythrocytosis in Monge’s disease
Azad Priti,Villafuerte Francisco C.,Bermudez Daniela,Patel Gargi,Haddad Gabriel G. 생화학분자생물학회 2021 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.53 No.-
Monge’s disease (chronic mountain sickness (CMS)) is a maladaptive condition caused by chronic (years) exposure to high-altitude hypoxia. One of the defining features of CMS is excessive erythrocytosis with extremely high hematocrit levels. In the Andean population, CMS prevalence is vastly different between males and females, being rare in females. Furthermore, there is a sharp increase in CMS incidence in females after menopause. In this study, we assessed the role of sex hormones (testosterone, progesterone, and estrogen) in CMS and non-CMS cells using a well-characterized in vitro erythroid platform. While we found that there was a mild (nonsignificant) increase in RBC production with testosterone, we observed that estrogen, in physiologic concentrations, reduced sharply CD235a + cells (glycophorin A; a marker of RBC), from 56% in the untreated CMS cells to 10% in the treated CMS cells, in a stage-specific and dose-responsive manner. At the molecular level, we determined that estrogen has a direct effect on GATA1, remarkably decreasing the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of GATA1 ( p < 0.01) and its target genes ( Alas2 , BclxL , and Epor , p < 0.001). These changes result in a significant increase in apoptosis of erythroid cells. We also demonstrate that estrogen regulates erythropoiesis in CMS patients through estrogen beta signaling and that its inhibition can diminish the effects of estrogen by significantly increasing HIF1, VEGF, and GATA1 mRNA levels. Taken altogether, our results indicate that estrogen has a major impact on the regulation of erythropoiesis, particularly under chronic hypoxic conditions, and has the potential to treat blood diseases, such as high altitude severe erythrocytosis.
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Azad Kumar,Shruti Purohit,Nilesh Kumar Sharma 대한암예방학회 2016 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.21 No.4
Breast carcinoma is a heterogeneous disease that has exhibited rapid resistance to treatment in the last decade. Depending genotype and phenotype of breast cancer, there are discernible differences in DNA repair protein responses including DNA double strand break repair. It is a fact that different molecular sub-types of breast carcinoma activate these dedicated protein pathways in a distinct manner. The DNA double-strand damage repair machinery is manipulated by breast carcinoma to selectively repair the damage or insults inflicted by the genotoxic effects of chemotherapy or radiation therapy. The two DNA double-strand break repair pathways employed by breast carcinoma are homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining. In recent decades, therapeutic interventions targeting one or more factors involved in repairing DNA double-strand breaks inflicted by chemo/radiation therapy have been widely studied. Herein, this review paper summarizes the recent evidence and ongoing clinical trials citing potential therapeutic combinatorial interventions targeting DNA double-strand break repair pathways in breast carcinoma.
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Azad, Marziyeh,Keshtgar, Sara,Jahromi, Bahia Namavar,Kanannejad, Zahra,Gharesi-Fard, Behrouz The Korean Society for Reproductive Medicine 2017 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.44 No.4
Objective: In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a well-known method for the treatment of infertility. The present study aimed to compare the differences between infertile women with successful and unsuccessful IVF outcomes regarding the expression of T helper (Th) cell transcription factors and a group of related cytokines before and after exposure to their husbands' seminal plasma. Methods: This study was performed on 19 couples with unexplained infertility undergoing IVF treatment. Among the studied group, nine and 10 couples had successful and unsuccessful IVF outcomes, respectively. This study was carried out using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Before seminal plasma exposure, the expression levels of T-bet (p< 0.007), $interferon-{\gamma}$ (p= 0.013), and tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ (p= 0.017) were higher in the infertile women with IVF failure than in those with successful IVF outcomes, while those of GATA3 (p< 0.001), Foxp3 (p= 0.001), and interleukin (IL)-35 (p< 0.003) were lower. After seminal exposure, the expression of T-bet (p= 0.02), Rorc (p< 0.001), $TNF-{\alpha}$ (p= 0.001), Foxp3 (p= 0.02), and $interferon-{\gamma}$ (p= 0.001) increased in the unsuccessful IVF group, while the expression of Foxp3 (p= 0.02), Rorc (p< 0.001), IL-23 (p= 0.04), IL-17 (p= 0.02), IL-6 (p< 0.001), transforming growth $factor-{\beta}$ (p= 0.01), and IL-35 (p< 0.001) increased in the successful IVF group. Conclusion: In summary, IVF failure was associated with imbalanced Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg responses. Moreover, our results show that seminal plasma might have a positive effect on IVF outcomes via changes in peripheral blood T cell subsets.
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Effectiveness of a Training Program Based on Stress Management on NEDSA Staff and Line Staff
Azad, Esfandiar,Hassanvand, Bagher,Eskandari, Mohsen Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2022 Safety and health at work Vol.13 No.2
Background: The purpose of present study was to determine the effectiveness of training program based on job stress management in NEDSA and line staff. Methods: The study method of this study was quantitative and quasi-experimental research Methods: From the statistical population (all employees of the NEDSA and line staff in 2020-2021), 30 of these people were selected by judgmental sampling method and considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The participants were first matched based on age and education and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. First, pre-test was taken from both groups (Job Stress Questionnaire). The experimental group was presented with a job stress management training package and no protocol was presented in the control group. After the sessions, post-test was received from both groups (experimental and control). After two months, a follow-up test was performed. Results: The results were entered into SPSS-24 software and analyzed. The results of repeated measure showed high effectiveness of the job stress management package (researcher-made). The results showed that the job stress management training package showed 67.5% effectiveness and also the training effect of job stress management training was stable for two months (follow-up). Conclusion: Based on these results, Training program based on stress management can be effective in military staff.
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