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Mary Augusta Brazelton 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2019 Cross-Currents Vol.0 No.30
In the early twentieth century, while smallpox, cholera, and other diseases caused temporary but urgent health crises in China, pulmonary tuberculosis remained a leading cause of mortality. This article investigates efforts to prevent and control tuberculosis in Republican China, especially efforts to implement the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine as a preventive measure against the disease. Published materials show that efforts to introduce this vaccine during the early 1930s met with skepticism on the part of Chinese physicians and inaction on the part of the state. Although the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937– 1945) presented an obstacle to BCG research and development, it also provided new opportunities for members of China’s biomedical research community—many of whom had moved with the Nationalist government to the nation’s western hinterlands—to learn about new methods of producing vaccines and study methods of epidemic control. In the case of BCG, these processes bore fruit only in the years after the war ended, when a review of medical literature suggests that in the tumultuous years of civil war between 1945 and 1949, health administrators began to plan for implementation of the BCG vaccine on a large scale for the first time. But questions of the ability of this biochemical method to prevent an airborne disease, and the role of environmental and social factors in causing tuberculosis, lingered throughout this period.
El-Sikaily Amany,Helal Mohamed,Nsonwu-Anyanwu Augusta Chinyere,Azab Hossam,Abd ElMoneim Neveen,Farahat Eman Othman Salem,Saad Aziza 한국독성학회 2023 Toxicological Research Vol.39 No.3
Chronic exposure to Poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Disruption of hormonal and redox balance by toxic PAH metabolites may interfere with successful pregnancy leading to miscarriage. The association of exposure to PAH contaminated mussel via the dietary route with perturbations in reproductive hormones, biomarkers of oxidative stress, and PAH metabolites were assessed in women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Furthermore, an analysis of the concentration of PAHs in environmentally relevant bivalve animals was performed to preliminary get insights into the levels of these pollutants in the environment. Seventy-six women (20–35 years) were categorized into 18 fertile women without RPL (control), and Groups I, II, and III comprising 24, 18, and 16 women with RPL (2, 3, and > 3 abortions respectively) were studied. Whole blood samples were collected for the estimation of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), progesterone (P4), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), benzo[a]pyren-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide-albumin adduct (BPDE-albumin) and urine for α-naphthol and β-naphthol. Two species of mussel Donax trunculus and Andar aduloii samples were collected for the estimation of 16 priority PAHs. The concentration of PAHs exceeding the maximum limits was observed in the two species of mussels studied. Higher levels of BPDE-albumin, MDA, GST, α and β-naphthol and lower GSH, catalase, FSH, and P4 were observed in women with RPL (Groups I-III) compared to controls (p = < 0.001). Negative associations were observed between BPDE-albumin and catalase (r = − 0.276, p = 0.036), and GSH (r = − 0.331, p = − 0.011) only in women with RPL. Collectively, our findings indicate a possible association of chronic PAH accumulation with recurrent pregnancy loss in women.
Mukhsinun Hadi Kusuma,Nandy Putra,Anhar Riza Antariksawan,Susyadi,Ficky Augusta Imawan 한국원자력학회 2017 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.49 No.3
The decay heat that is produced by nuclear reactor spent fuel must be cooled in a spent fuelstorage pool. A wickless heat pipe or a vertical two-phase closed thermosyphon (TPCT) isused to remove this decay heat. The objective of this research is to investigate the thermalperformance of a prototype model for a large-scale vertical TPCT as a passive coolingsystem for a nuclear research reactor spent fuel storage pool. An experimental investigationand numerical simulation using RELAP5/MOD 3.2 were used to investigate the TPCTthermal performance. The effects of the initial pressure, filling ratio, and heat load wereanalyzed. Demineralized water was used as the TPCT working fluid. The cooled water wascirculated in the water jacket as a cooling system. The experimental results show that thebest thermal performance was obtained at a thermal resistance of 0.22℃/W, the lowestinitial pressure, a filling ratio of 60%, and a high evaporator heat load. The simulationmodel that was experimentally validated showed a pattern and trend line similar to thoseof the experiment and can be used to predict the heat transfer phenomena of TPCT withvarying inputs.
Maria Fernanda Costa Cabral,Roberto Luiz de Menezes Martinho,Manoel Valcácio Guedes-Neto,Maria Augusta Bessa Rebelo,Danielson Guedes Pontes,Flávia Cohen-Carneiro 대한치과보존학회 2015 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.40 No.3
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the fluoride release of conventional glass ionomer cements (GICs) and resin-modified GICs. Materials and Methods: The cements were grouped as follows: G1 (Vidrion R, SS White), G2 (Vitro Fil, DFL), G3 (Vitro Molar, DFL), G4 (Bioglass R, Biodinâmica), and G5 (Ketac Fil, 3M ESPE), as conventional GICs, and G6 (Vitremer, 3M ESPE), G7 (Vitro Fil LC, DFL), and G8 (Resiglass, Biodinâmica) as resin-modified GICs. Six specimens (8.60 mm in diameter; 1.65 mm in thickness) of each material were prepared using a stainless steel mold. The specimens were immersed in a demineralizing solution (pH 4.3) for 6 hr and a remineralizing solution (pH 7.0) for 18 hr a day. The fluoride ions were measured for 15 days. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test with 5% significance were applied. Results: The highest amounts of fluoride release were found during the first 24 hr for all cements, decreasing abruptly on day 2, and reaching gradually decreasing levels on day 7. Based on these results, the decreasing scale of fluoride release was as follows: G2 > G3 > G8 = G4 = G7 > G6 = G1 > G5 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: There were wide variations among the materials in terms of the cumulative amount of fluoride ion released, and the amount of fluoride release could not be attributed to the category of cement, that is, conventional GICs or resin-modified GICs.
Cabral, Maria Fernanda Costa,Martinho, Roberto Luiz de Menezes,Guedes-Neto, Manoel Valcacio,Rebelo, Maria Augusta Bessa,Pontes, Danielson Guedes,Cohen-Carneiro, Flavia The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2015 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.40 No.3
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the fluoride release of conventional glass ionomer cements (GICs) and resin-modified GICs. Materials and Methods: The cements were grouped as follows: G1 (Vidrion R, SS White), G2 (Vitro Fil, DFL), G3 (Vitro Molar, DFL), G4 (Bioglass R, Biodinamica), and G5 (Ketac Fil, 3M ESPE), as conventional GICs, and G6 (Vitremer, 3M ESPE), G7 (Vitro Fil LC, DFL), and G8 (Resiglass, Biodinamica) as resin-modified GICs. Six specimens (8.60 mm in diameter; 1.65 mm in thickness) of each material were prepared using a stainless steel mold. The specimens were immersed in a demineralizing solution (pH 4.3) for 6 hr and a remineralizing solution (pH 7.0) for 18 hr a day. The fluoride ions were measured for 15 days. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test with 5% significance were applied. Results: The highest amounts of fluoride release were found during the first 24 hr for all cements, decreasing abruptly on day 2, and reaching gradually decreasing levels on day 7. Based on these results, the decreasing scale of fluoride release was as follows: G2 > G3 > G8 = G4 = G7 > G6 = G1 > G5 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: There were wide variations among the materials in terms of the cumulative amount of fluoride ion released, and the amount of fluoride release could not be attributed to the category of cement, that is, conventional GICs or resin-modified GICs.