Synthesis and Characterization of Aqueous Curcumin Polyurethane Dispersions Using Isophorone Diisocyanate: Efficiency Evaluation as Textile Finishes

Noureen Arshad,Khalid Mahmood Zia,Muhammad Tahir Hussain,Muhammad Mubeen Arshad,Mohammad Zuber 한국섬유공학회 2022 Fibers and polymers Vol.23 No.7

This research is aimed at synthesizing some novel bio-based ecofriendly finishes for textile applications. A seriesof curcumin based aqueous polyurethane (PU) dispersions (CUR-WDPU-IPDI) was prepared using polyethylene glycol(PEG), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and dimethylolpropanoic acid (DMPA) via conventional pre-polymer process. Thedual functionality is incorporated by hindering the polyurethane pre-polymer with isocyanate (-NCO) groups and curcuminwas utilized to extend the polymeric chain to achieve the CUR-WDPU-IPDI dispersion. Structural characteristics of thesynthesized polymer were investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometer. The performance of PUdispersions for increasing the color fastness properties (washing, rubbing and perspiration fastness) of plain weave fabrics(poly/cotton, dyed and printed) was studied. Furthermore, the mechanical strength (pilling, tearing and tensile strength) of thesaid fabric (dyed, printed and white) was also evaluated. Results clearly exhibited that the color fastness properties andmechanical strength of the dyed, printed and white fabrics were improved significantly after treating with the PU finishes. These synthesized curcumin-based water dispersible polyurethanes (CUR-WDPU-IPDI) finishing agents are greenerproducts which are particularly derivatized from bio-resources. Owing to their biocompatibility, copious availability, lessnoxious, greener methodology and ecofriendly nature, these can be utilized as attractive ecofriendly alternatives for textileapplications.

The Perception of Pleasantness Experiences among Malaysian Youths on Aesthetics and Roles in Japanese Anime Film Characters

Arshad, Mohd Rosli,김해윤 한국영상학회 2022 한국영상학회 논문집 Vol.20 No.3

This research focuses on "pleasantness experiences" among viewers' emotions that simulate the perception of pleasure and enjoyment experiences among Malaysian audiences of animated film characters. In this study, an exploration of audience empathy toward Japanese anime animation characters is conducted to identify how the appearances of such characters have affected and induced the feelings of Malaysian audiences of animated films. Malaysian animation viewers are growing in number; however, a clear understanding of the perceptions of audiences and their thoughts based on this particular type of media and the related effects on their emotions have not been discussed widely. This paper closely examines the mindset and emotions held when watching Japanese anime animated films, especially the animated film characters. Thus, this study investigates the experiences of enjoyment and "pleasantness" experiences among the audiences and how they stimulate consciousness when they watch Japanese anime animated film characters. The study highlights the appealing design of the characters and visual perception factors that affect emotions among Malaysians. A statistical analysis using a one-way ANOVA statistical test is used to determine the emotional feelings among Malaysian audiences, who here consist of 300 youth from western and eastern Malaysian peninsula areas aged between 16 and 30 years old to categorize the perceptions of these animated characters. The results clearly show that perceived pleasantness held by Malaysian audiences does not differ greatly depending on age and gender preferences, whereas it does differ depending on ethnicity preferences. Hence, the character aesthetics and roles in animation characters do not affect feelings of pleasure or enjoyment levels based on gender and age preferences but have a stronger impact with regard to ethnicity preferences among Malaysia youth.

Digital Forensics: Review of Issues in Scientific Validation of Digital Evidence

Arshad, Humaira,Jantan, Aman Bin,Abiodun, Oludare Isaac Korea Information Processing Society 2018 Journal of information processing systems Vol.14 No.2

Digital forensics is a vital part of almost every criminal investigation given the amount of information available and the opportunities offered by electronic data to investigate and evidence a crime. However, in criminal justice proceedings, these electronic pieces of evidence are often considered with the utmost suspicion and uncertainty, although, on occasions are justifiable. Presently, the use of scientifically unproven forensic techniques are highly criticized in legal proceedings. Nevertheless, the exceedingly distinct and dynamic characteristics of electronic data, in addition to the current legislation and privacy laws remain as challenging aspects for systematically attesting evidence in a court of law. This article presents a comprehensive study to examine the issues that are considered essential to discuss and resolve, for the proper acceptance of evidence based on scientific grounds. Moreover, the article explains the state of forensics in emerging sub-fields of digital technology such as, cloud computing, social media, and the Internet of Things (IoT), and reviewing the challenges which may complicate the process of systematic validation of electronic evidence. The study further explores various solutions previously proposed, by researchers and academics, regarding their appropriateness based on their experimental evaluation. Additionally, this article suggests open research areas, highlighting many of the issues and problems associated with the empirical evaluation of these solutions for immediate attention by researchers and practitioners. Notably, academics must react to these challenges with appropriate emphasis on methodical verification. Therefore, for this purpose, the issues in the experiential validation of practices currently available are reviewed in this study. The review also discusses the struggle involved in demonstrating the reliability and validity of these approaches with contemporary evaluation methods. Furthermore, the development of best practices, reliable tools and the formulation of formal testing methods for digital forensic techniques are highlighted which could be extremely useful and of immense value to improve the trustworthiness of electronic evidence in legal proceedings.

Antimicrobial Evaluation and Characterization of Copper Nanoparticles Synthesized by the Simple Chemical Method

Arshad Hussain Wazir,Qudratullah Khan,Nisar Ahmad,Faizan Ullah,Imdadullah Quereshi,Hazrat Ali 한국재료학회 2022 한국재료학회지 Vol.32 No.2

Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) are considered of great importance due to their high catalytic and antimicrobial activities. This study focuses on the preparation and characterization of CuNPs, and on their antibacterial/antifungal activities. A copper salt (copper sulfate pentahydrate) as precursor, starch as stabilizing agent, and ascorbic acid as reducing agent were used to fabricate CuNPs. The resulting product was characterized via different techniques such as X-ray diffractrometry (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to confirm its characteristic properties. Employing the Scherrer formula, the mean crystallite sizes of copper (Cu) and cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanocrystals were found to be 29.21 and 25.33 nm, respectively, as measured from the main X-ray diffraction peaks. The functional groups present in the resulting CuNPs were confirmed by FTIR. In addition, the engineered CuNPs showed antibacterial and antifungal activity against tested pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains.

Interactive Effect of Nitrogen and Sulphur on Yield and Quality ofGroundnut (Arachis hypogea L.)

Arshad Jamal,Inayat Saleem Fazli,Saif Ahmad,Malik Zainul Abdin 한국작물학회 2006 Korean journal of crop science Vol.51 No.7

Randomized field experiments were conducted to study the interactive effect of sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) on seed, oil and protein yield of two cultivars of groundnut {Arachis hypogea: cv Amber (V1); cv Kaushal, (V2)}. Two dosage levels of sulphur (0 and 20 kg ha-1) and two dosage levels of N (23.5 and 43.5 kg ha-1) in various combinations were tested as micronutrient treatments, T1, T2, and T3. Results indicated significant enhancement of the yield components namely seed and oil yield as well as seed protein. Maximum response was observed with treatment T3 (having 20 kg S and 43.5 kg N ha-1). Increase in seed and oil yields of 90% and 103 % in V1, and 79 and 90 % in V2, respectively were recorded as compared to the control treatment T1 (having 0 kg S and 23.5 kg N ha-1). Effect of S and N interaction was observed on protein, N and S content in seeds. The results obtained by these experiments clearly suggest that judicious balanced application of N and S could improve the yield.

Ion beam analysis of sputtered AlN films

Arshad Mahmood,E. Andrade,S. Muhl,A. Shah,M. Khizar,M. Yasin Akhtar Raja 한국물리학회 2011 Current Applied Physics Vol.11 No.2

Polycrystalline aluminium nitride (AlN) films have been prepared by DC reactive magnetron sputtering followed by its characterization using advance electronic and optical techniques. Film quality has been optimized mainly using deposition parameters. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) and nuclear interaction (NR) techniques were used to analyze the film density (atoms/cm^3), elemental composition and impurities of the grown film. Our ion beam analysis (IBA) was based on the particle energy spectra bombarded with a low-energy deuterium beam. The corresponding linear thickness of the film was measured using a profilometer. X-Ray diffraction, spectroscopic ellipsometry and atomic force microscope have also been employed to reinforce the results. We found that highly dense and stoichiometric films can be obtained at higher plasma current. Under optimal deposition conditions, the film densities of ∼2.45 g/cm^3, FWHM ∼0.125 and the surface roughness ∼6.758 nm have been achieved successfully.

Optical in situ monitoring of plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition process

Arshad, Muhammad Zeeshan,Jo, Kyung Jae,Kim, Hyun Gi,Hong, Sang Jeen Institute of Pure and Applied Physics 2018 Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Vol. No.

Direct laser written channel and spin-coated thin film waveguides in an amorphous chalcogenide (Ga:La:S)

Arshad K. Mairaj,Richard J. Curry,Daniel W. Hewak 한국통신학회 2002 한국통신학회 기타 간행물 Vol.2002 No.10

Analysis of multiscale mortar mixed approximation of nonlinear elliptic equations

Arshad, Muhammad,Park, Eun-Jae,Shin, Dong-wook Elsevier 2018 COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS - Vol.75 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A multiscale mortar mixed finite element method is established to approximate non-linear second order elliptic equations. The method is based on non-overlapping domain decomposition and mortar finite element methods. The existence and uniqueness of the approximation are demonstrated, and a priori <SUP> L 2 </SUP> -error estimates for the velocity and pressure are derived. An error bound for mortar pressure is proved. Convergence estimates of the mortar pressure are based on a linear interface formulation having the discrete-pressure dependent coefficient. Optimal order convergence is achieved on the fine scale by a proper choice of mortar space and polynomial degree of approximation. The quadratic convergence of the Newton–Raphson method is proved for the nonlinear algebraic system arising from the mortar mixed formulation of the problem. Numerical experiments are performed to support theoretic results.</P>

Effect of Sulphur and Nitrogen Application on Growth Characteristics, Seed and Oil Yields of Soybean Cultivars

Arshad Jamal,Inayat Saleem Fazli,Saif Ahmad,Malik Zainul Abdin,윤성중 한국작물학회 2005 Korean journal of crop science Vol.50 No.6

A field experiment was conducted to assess the growth characteristics, seed and oil yield of two cultivars of soybean (G. max (L.) Merr.) cv. PK-416 (V1) and cv. PK-1024 (V2) in relation to sulphur and nitrogen nutrition. Six combinations (T1-T6) of two levels of sulphur (0 and 40 kg ha-1) and two levels of nitrogen (23.5 and 43.5 kg ha-1) were applied to the two soybean cultivars as nutrients. Results indicated significant effect of sulphur and nitrogen, when applied together, on the growth characteristics, yield components, and seed and oil yield. Maximum response was observed with treatment T6 (having 40 kg S and 43.5 kg N ha-1). Seed and Oil yields were increased 90 and 102% in V1, and 104 and 123% in V2, respectively as compared to the control i.e. T1 (having 0 kg S and 23.5 kg N ha -1). Positive responses of S and N interaction on leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth rate and biomass production were also observed. The results obtained in these experiments clearly suggest that balanced and judicious application of nitrogen and sulphur can improve both seed and oil yield of soybean cultivars by enhancing their growth.