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Ariane Leite Rozza,Thiago de Mello Moraes,Hélio Kushima,Domingos Sávio Nunes,Clélia Akiko Hiruma-Lima,Cla´udia Helena Pellizzon 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.9
This study aimed to evaluate the gastroprotective mechanism of action of the essential oil of Croton cajucara Benth. (Euphorbiaceae) stem bark in ethanol-induced gastric ulcers and its in vitro anti–Helicobacter pylori activity. The involvement of heat-shock protein-70, vasoactive intestinal peptide, glutathione, nitric oxide, and nonprotein sulfhydryl compounds in the gastroprotective effect was determined in male Wistar rats. The minimum inhibitory concentration against H. pylori was determined in vitro. The results were analyzed by analysis of variance followed by the Dunnett test, and a P value less than 0.05 was considered to represent a statistically significant difference. C. cajucara decreased ethanol-induced ulcer area in 100% of ulcers and decreased the histologic lesions. In the C. cajucara group, the area marked by heat-shock protein-70 was significantly higher than the area in the control group; this finding was not seen for vasoactive intestinal peptide. C. cajucara could not maintain glutathione levels close to those in the sham group. The gastric ulcer area of rats treated with the sulfhydryl compound blocker was decreased, but the ulcer area of rats treated with nitric oxide synthase inhibitor showed no alteration. The minimum inhibitory concentration obtained for C. cajucara was 125 μg/mL. These findings suggest that sulfhydryl compounds and heat-shock protein-70, but not nitric oxide, glutathione, or vasoactive intestinal peptide, are involved in the C. cajucara gastroprotective effect against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers.
Determination of Brain Death/Death by Neurologic Criteria in Countries in Asia and the Pacific
Ariane Lewis,Jordan Liebman,Azza Bakkar,Elana Kreiger-Benson,Andrew Kumpfbeck,Sam D. Shemie,Gene Sung,Sylvia Torrance,David Greer 대한신경과학회 2020 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.16 No.3
Background and Purpose We sought to 1) identify countries in Asia and the Pacific that have protocols for the determination of brain death/death by neurologic criteria (BD/DNC) and 2) review the similarities and differences of these protocols in different countries. Methods Between January 2018 and April 2019, we attempted to communicate with contacts in the 57 countries in Asia and the Pacific to determine if they had official national BD/ DNC protocols. We reviewed and compared the identified protocols. Results We identified contacts for 40 (70%) of the 57 countries in Asia and the Pacific, and successfully communicated with 37 of them (93% of countries with contacts identified, 65% of countries in Asia and the Pacific). We found that 24 of the 37 countries had BD/DNC protocols. Two (13%) of the 16 protocols that provided a definition of death referred to brainstem death. Kazakhstan and Israel required only 1 examination to declare BD/DNC, while 10 (71%) of the other 14 protocols required 2 examinations separated by 6–48 hours. The prerequisites, clinical examination, apnea testing procedure, and indications for/selection of ancillary tests varied. Ancillary testing was required for all determinations of BD/DNC in five (21%) countries. Thirteen (54%) of the protocols included information about the time of death, while 12 (50%) of them provided instructions about discontinuation of organ support. Conclusions The protocols for conducting a BD/DNC determination vary markedly among countries in Asia and the Pacific. Since it is optimal to have internationally and intranationally consistent BD/DNC protocols, efforts should be made to harmonize protocols both within this region and worldwide.
Villiers de l’Isle Adam, the Emulated Master of Yeats and Maeterlinck
Ariane Murphy 한국예이츠학회 2017 한국예이츠 저널 Vol.54 No.-
The Belgian Symbolism is as important as the French one, and the French poet Villiers is a mentor, particularly for Maeterlinck. Yeats also acknowledges Villiers as the main Symbolist influence on him. But Villiers is not the only French Symbolist he knows and certainly not the first he discovers. Not being really familiar with France’s literary life until the eighteen-nineties, Yeats discovers Villiers at the same time that he meets with Maeterlinck or even after Maeterlinck, although Maeterlinck belongs to the next generation, that of Yeats. Yet, while Yeats easily admits the influence of Villiers, he always subtly debunks any critic who tries to associate him [Yeats] with Maeterlinck.
Yeats’s and Maeterlinck’s Dramatic Symbolism
Ariane Murphy 한국예이츠학회 2017 한국예이츠 저널 Vol.52 No.-
무너지는 탑, 깊은 샘이나 분수, 넘을 수 없는 분지방의 상징은 메터링크에게 만큼 예이츠에 해당되며, 사실 전세대에 해당된다. 따라서 이 논문은 예이츠와 메터링크의 상징의 동일성이나 차별성에 주목하는데, 상징의 구상과 사용을 보려고 한다. 이들은 자신들의 글에서 비슷한 개념을 설명한다. 문학은 본질적으로 상징적이다. 그들은 상징과 알레고리를 구별하는데, 상징은 단순한 추상적 개념의 이미지는 아니며, 상징은 이성 너머에 뿌리가 있고, 신성한 본질이 있다. 예이츠의 『바일의 스트랜드에서』와 메터링크의 『탱토질의 죽음』과의 비교는 19세기 말의 개념들에서 나타나는 “극적 상징주의”의 특별한 형태를 노출시킬 것이다. 메터링크는 작가란 신성한 상징을 피동적으로 받는 사람이라고까지 믿었던데 반해서 예이츠는 작가의 창조적 힘을 믿었다. 이점이 두 작가가 다른 기법을 선택하게 만들었던 것이다. The symbols of crumbling towers, deep wells or fountains, and impassable thresholds belong to Yeats as much as they belong to Maeterlinck, indeed as they belong to a whole generation. So, this paper focuses on similarities and disparities in the symbolism of Yeats and Maeterlinck, that is, in their conception and use of symbols. In their essays, Yeats and Maeterlinck express a similar conception. Literature is by essence symbolic. To them, symbol is not the simple image of an abstract idea; symbol has its roots beyond reason; it is of divine essence. The comparison between two plays, On Baile’s Strand by Yeats and The Death of Tintagiles by Maeterlinck, will reveal a special form of “dramatic symbolism” that emerges from those ideas, at the turn of the 19th century: Maeterlinck goes as far as believing that the author must be a passive receptor of the divine symbols whereas Yeats believes in the writer’s creative power. It explains greatly the different dramaturgical choices they made.
The Mystical Experience of Dream in W. B. Yeats’s The Only Jealousy of Emer
Ariane Murphy 한국예이츠학회 2019 한국예이츠 저널 Vol.58 No.-
Yeats’s poetic drama is not just “remote, spiritual and ideal.” His is dramatic with its form changed, transforming the audience’s experience of the play. The theatre becomes a mystical experience: a union between actor, spectator, and dramatist, which helps them reach transcendence beyond individual stories. I examine the dramaturgy in his play The Only Jealousy of Emer. First, my essay analyzes the complex system of mise en abime which mirrors the experience of the spectator. Then, it attempts to interpret Cuchulain’s dream, his almost complete union with Fand, at the core of the system, as an image of the spectator’s own mystical experience. My essay shows how Yeats presents what an ideal spectator should experience in his plays and how he tries to emulate the spectator’s reaction he is hoping for.